making great communities happen · in the 21st century, disruption is going to ... • national...

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RESILIENCY, BEYOND

SUSTAINABILITY Merle H. Bishop, FAICP

Kimley-Horn and Assoc.

Lakeland, Florida

Dr. Rhonda Phillips, AICP

Arizona State University

Phoenix, Arizona

Dr. Clifford Bragdon, FASA

Florida Institute of Technology

Melbourne, Florida

Mary Anne G. Bowie, FAICP

Michael Baker Corp.

Sarasota, Florida

Making Great Communities Happen

2013 APA National Planning Conference - Chicago, IL

Session: S641

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What will determine success

in this century?

In the 21st Century, disruption is going to

become the normal in ways we can’t even predict.

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Resiliency Beyond Sustainability

4

Planners, environmentalists and climate change

activists have spent years pushing to create a more

sustainable planet.

But what if the idea of

sustainability itself is no

longer enough in an

increasingly volatile world?

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World Economic Form’s Global Risk 2013 Report

Likely to Occur in the next 10 years:

• Rising greenhouse gas emissions.

• Persistent extreme weather.

• Failure of diplomatic conflict resolution & global

governance failure.

• Water supply crises.

• Food shortage crises.

• Prolonged infrastructure neglect.

• Cyber attacks.

• Extreme volatility in energy and agriculture

prices.

• Mismanagement of population aging.

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2013 Report Card

For America’s Infrastructure

Aviation D

Bridges C+

Dams D

Drinking Water D

Energy D+

Hazardous Waste D

Inland Waterways D-

Levees D-

Ports C

Public Parks & Rec. C-

Rail C+

Roads D

Schools D

Solid Waste B-

Transit D

Wastewater D

Overall Grade = D+

Estimated Investment needed by 2020 =

$ 3.6 Trillion

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Resilient Community thinking should shape how

planners think about updating antiquated

infrastructure in the face of unanticipated shocks.

WORLD

ENHANCED

QUALITY

OF

LIFE

(Social, physical and

economic)

Safe Secure

Healthy Sustainable

Global Resilient

Cities™

1

4 3

2

1 2

3 4

RESILIENCE ™

GLOBAL RESILIENCY: FOUR ELEMENTS

• Village

• Town • City • Region

• State

• Country

• Continent

• World

2 2

4

1

3

FAT

CITIES

Nano-

Urbanism

Wheels to Watts Rails to Watts

Vertical Farming

Bio-Mass: Electricity, Gas, Petroleum

Advancing Sustainability

Shrinkable Vehicles

Algae.

Duckweed

Other

Advanced

Telematics • Surveillance

• Performance

• Maintenance

• Reporting

• Management

Walk to Watts

Kinetic Harvesting

TO

Global Protection Comparisons:

GREEN/LEED • Sustainable Building/Structure

Neighborhood ?

• Security

• Safety

• Health _______________

• Total Attributes: One

Resilience is a preferred method for protecting the total global habitat

RESILIENCE • Sustainable Building/Community

Biosphere

• Security • Safety • Health

_________________ Total Attributes: Four

U S Green Building Council Leadership Energy Environmental Design

Global Center for Preparedness & Resilience™ Global Resilient Cities™

Japan: Had The World’s Highest Rated Carbon Footprint*

* 70% of Carbon Footprint Attributable to Nuclear Power

Resiliency Analysis:

• Sustainable? No

• Secure? No

• Safe? No

• Healthy? No

Disaster Analysis

(Estimated):

• 100,000 killed

• 525,000 injured

• 350,000 relocated

Over 90,000 families

lost homes

• 135 mile

Exclusion Zone

• $350 billion

economic damage

• 4th Largest earth-

quake ever recorded

One-third of all power plants in Japan are nuclear. 51 of 54 nuclear reactors are

down. Movement to eliminate all nuclear power as an energy source in Japan.

But

Earthquake

&

Tsunami

PARTNERS:

• Businesses

• Government

• Non-Profits

• Academia

Global Center

for

Preparedness

and

Resilience™

Global Center for Preparedness and

Resilience ™

MS5 Solutions Global Center for Preparedness and Resilience™

Advanced SCADA

Supervisory Control &

Data Acquisition

NASA

Oil & Gas Refineries

Traffic Control

Systems

Pentagon

Nuclear Power Plants

Treatment Plants

Airports: ATC

Drones

DOD

CHINA - RUSSIA - NORTH KOREA - IRAN

United Kingdom: Department of

International Development • Cabinet Minister and Secretary of State

A Global Resilient Manifesto: International Development

Leader in Global Crisis Management Established in 1997

• Global Resilience Action Plan-GRAP (local to international) 2012-2015

• Collaboration with the public-private sectors and NGOs

• Disaster resilience for vulnerable communities

• Disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation

• National Resilience Capabilities Program (2013)

23 Integrated Work Teams Established for UK Including: 1. CBRN management

2. Humanitarian assistance

3. Infectious and animal disease control

4. Mass fatalities and casualties management

5. Evacuation and shelter

6. Resilient telecommunications

7. Infrastructure resilience

8. Interoperability

PLAN

RESPONSE

RECOVERY

RECONSTRUCTION

PREVENTION

B R I N G I N G I T A L L TO G E T H E R :

S U STA I N A B I L I T Y A N D R E S I L I E N C Y

G R A P H I C S O U R C E F O R L O C A L F I R S T , W W W . H T T P : / / W W W . V I T A L C O M M U N I T I E S . O R G / L O C A L F I R S T /

RESILIENCY IS…

Equity (social, political,

cultural)

Economic (access, capital,

investment)

Environment (ecological,

natural, physical)

the ability of communities to both recover and continue forward.

Sustainably is the foundations of resiliency. Resiliency should address the

social, environmental/physical and economic environment – the three major dimensions of “sustainability”

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL VOLATILITY DEMANDS

A DIFFERENT WAY OF THINKING

Volatility is of paramount importance to consider – whether human-made (economic or social) or natural

How a community plans for

and responds translates

into how quickly they

recover and move forward

RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES

Several essential functions within community

economic and social resiliency include:

Access to Equity Capital and Credit

Building Human Resource Capacity

Capacity for Research, Planning and

Advocacy

Creating Partnerships internal and

external to community

Infrastructure to respond to challenges

Source: Adapted from The Community Resilience Manual,

The Community Resilience Project Team, Port Alberni, British

Columbia

BUILDING “SOCIAL” INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL

Capacity building is a community development process

Developing the ability to act

→

Social Capital is the ability to act

↔

Community development outcomes

Taking Action

Community Improvement

RESILIENCY…

is at the forefront of communities’ concerns as economic restructuring continues

Examples include:

Edinburgh, Scotland’s “Economic Resiliency Action Plan” Port Alberni, British Columbia, The Community Resilience Manual,

The Community Resilience Project Team Palm Beach County, Florida’s integration with comprehensive

/disaster/recovery planning Numerous communities throughout the U.S. with Local First

activities

Having alternatives can help recovery process when human or natural disaster strikes

Local food system production and security is one aspect of this equation that is vital – and a major part of the Local First movement.

White River Junction, Vermont formed the Local First Alliance for “pursing a thriving local economy, vibrant community organizations, and environmental stewardship.”

Graphic source: http://www.vitalcommunities.org/localfirst/vision.cfm

Bay Localize “Building equitable and resilient communities” See: www.baylocalize.org/node/503/done?sid=933

Community Resilience Toolkit 2.0 1.Tools to Inform

2. Tools to Assess Resilience Climate Risk and Job Opportunity Assessment

Assess local impacts of climate change and how your community can

prepare

Identify jobs and business opportunities climate resilience can create

Designed for job seekers, businesses, community groups, and municipal

planners

Local Resilience Assessment

Assess the resilience of local systems

Identify priority areas for improvement

Designed for community groups and municipal planners

Roots of Equity and Resilience

Find examples of resilience from your community's past

Identify roots of local inequities and how to address them

Designed for community groups and municipal planners

Bay Localize “Building equitable and resilient communities” See: www.baylocalize.org/node/503/done?sid=933

Community Resilience Toolkit 2.0 3. Tools to Create a Plan

Agree on strategic goals and strategies

Build community support to make them happen

Designed for community groups and municipal planners

Graphic and info source :

http://www.baylocalize.org/node/503/done?sid=933

RESOURCES FOR RESILIENCY

Transition Towns, www.transitionus.org

Local First, Business Alliance for Local Living Economies, http://bealocalist.org/

Rand Corporation, Podcasts on Resilient Communities

www.rand.org/multimedia/podcasts/resilient-communities.html

APA Resources –

Shrinking Cities Working Group and Annotated Bibliography:

www.planning.org/resources/ontheradar/dynamic/shrinkingbibliography.htm

Post-Disaster Annotated Bibliography:

http://www.planning.org/research/postdisaster/bibliography.htm

Creating Value …

… Delivering Solutions

Creating Value …

Resilient Community Planning

Every Planner’s New Job

Resiliency, Beyond Sustainability American Planning Association Chicago, Illinois April 16, 2013

Presidential Policy Directive PPD-8

National Preparedness March 30, 2011

Aimed at strengthening the security and resilience of the United States

Systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation including acts of terrorism, cyber attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters aimed at facilitating an integrated, all-of-Nation, capabilities-based approach to preparedness.

Lions and Tigers and Bears…Oh No!

Salmonella, access to swimming pools,

Oh No!

Does the CDC have anything to do with iguanas?

Thousands or hundreds of thousands of Pythons estimated now in South Florida and…

We are still studying them… 7 years after Hurricane Andrew and the snake escape from the Pet stores that started the invasion…

Presidential Policy Directive PPD-8

National Preparedness March 30, 2011

The term “protection” refers to those capabilities necessary to secure the homeland against acts of terrorism and manmade or natural disasters. Protection capabilities include, but are not limited to, defense against WMD threats; defense of agriculture and food; critical infrastructure protection; protection of key leadership and events; border security; maritime security; transportation security; immigration security; and cyber security.

Healthy Food Access and Food Security

http://www.urbanfoodlink.com/?page_id=431

Presidential Policy Directive PPD-8

National Preparedness March 30, 2011

The term “mitigation”… capabilities necessary to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.

Mitigation capabilities include, but are not limited to, community wide risk reduction projects; efforts to improve the resilience of critical infrastructure and key resource lifelines; risk reduction for specific vulnerabilities from natural hazards or acts of terrorism; and initiatives to reduce future risks after a disaster has occurred.

The Sky is Falling, The Sky is Falling…..

No But…

Your Infrastructure is Failing !!

http://www.hillsboroughcounty.org/index

Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan

http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=7130

Resilient Community

Resilient Community : Vibrant community supported by roots of resiliency that are healthy, safe, secure and mindful of social, environmental and economic considerations

delivers planning services to support communities in becoming ever

more resilient,

sustainable and strong.