major developments for the automotive industry for the next five years

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MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE

INDUSTRY FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS

Luis Enrique Arimany

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AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STUDY

1.High growth in the Diesel sales

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2. Shrink of upper-medium segment

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3.Another market key points

• Less manufacturers• Platforms• Modular cars• Extended enterprise

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3. Emissions legislation

• Euro III 2000• Euro IV 2005• Tier 2 2004-2007

Euro III: 1103

268D

Euro IV: 208

no D

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Important developments

• Common Rail• EGR• VGT• Lean burn • 3 litre car • Variable cam

timing / Camless

• Hybrid• Fuel Cells• NOx Traps• 42 volts• New fuels• Active suspension• SC, TC, ABS

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Common-rail

• No relation with speed• Independent control of :

– Injection pressure– timing – quantity

Better performance:• specfic output (40)• fuel consumption (30)• noise

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Common-rail (2)

• Pump• Common pressure

acumulator• Injectors/Solenoid• ECU

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3 litre car

• CO2 emmisions• Fuel economy. • How:

- Light weight- Friction reduction- Aerodynamic drag- Rolling resistance- Engine performance

• Lean burn• Hybrid cars• Small engine• TDI

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• Higher Thermal efficiency• Higher compression ratio

(12)• Higer volumetric efficiency

Lean burn / GDI

111 rTH

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GDI

• Stratified charge• Homogeneous charge

• Upright straigh intake• Spherical cavity in piston• High pressure pump (15)

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Hybrid cars• Drive 400 Km

between re-fuelling• Be refuelled quickly

and easily• Minimum

performance (small engine)

• Pollution

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Hybrid cars (2)

• Recover energy in the battery when braking• Shut of the engine when not need• Reduce emissions• E.g.: Honda Insight and Toyota Prius

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Fuel cells

Elements• Electrodes• Membrane• Electrolyte• CatalystsTypes:• By electrolyte

– Solid– Liquid

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Fuel cells

• By temperature:– Low temperature– High temperature

Advantages:– H2 is clean?– Better efficiency

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Variable cam timing

Compromise between power, torque and idle.

Some ideas:• Late IVC• Early EVO• Overlap: Early IVO & late

EVC

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Variable cam timing (2)

1. Infinitely valve timing

2. Operate outside cams

3. Operate middle cam (interconnected rockers)

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Variable cam timing (3) / Camless

• VTEC-E– Deactivates one valve– High swirl– Run lean (AFR=20)

• Camless– Solenoid – Control/ Maximum

performance– Instantaneous open

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VGT and EGR

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Any question?

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References

• Automotive Bosh hadbook• Automotive news• Autopista magazine• VCA• Internal combustion Engine fundamentals. J.b. Heywood.• Matthew Harrison. Cranfield Piston engine notes.• www.howstuffworks.com• htpp://asia.vtec.net• Articles from the data bases Science Direct and Proquest