main ppt speed control system with rfid equipped vehicle
Post on 31-Aug-2014
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SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM WITH RFID EQUIPPED
VEHICLEBY
M.PRUDVI RAJ (08N41A0455)
CH.PRAVEEN KUMAR (08N41A0453)
M.KRANTHI KUMAR (08N41A0431)
G.RAJEEV KUMAR (08N41A0456)
INTRODUCTION Most of the fatal or serious accidents are
associated with excessive or inappropriate speed.
Safety will be achieved by automatic driving controls and a growing number of sensors both on the road infrastructure and the vehicle itself.
The key idea offered is to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to tag the warning signals placed in the dangerous portions of the road.
AIM OF THE PROJECT To control the speed of the vehicles at
restricted areas in city (viz. school zone, hospital zone) with certain speed limits mentioned on the roads.
Here we are using RFID card reader in identifying the speed limit mentioned on the road, which is interfacing with the controller.
RFID is a key role in our project.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS USED IN THE PROJECT MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89S52) RFID CARD RFID CARD READER MAX-232 DC MOTOR MOTOR DRIVER LCD
MICRO CONTROLLERPIN DIAGRAM
FEATURES OF ATMEL 89S52 Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory – Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256K Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines 3 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag
RFID Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is
a technology that uses radio frequencies to automatically identify and track people or objects.
RFID offers higher data storage capacities, higher identification speeds, and greater immediacy and accuracy of data collection
RFID TAG
RFID WORKING AT BASIC STAGE At a basic level, each tag works in the same
way: Data stored within an RFID tag's microchip
waits to be read. The tag's antenna receives electromagnetic
energy from an RFID reader's antenna. Using power from its internal battery or power
harvested from the reader's electromagnetic field, the tag sends radio waves back to the reader.
The reader picks up the tag's radio waves and interprets the frequencies as meaningful data.
RFID CARD READER An RFID reader is a device that is used to
interrogate an RFID tag. The reader has an antenna that emits radio
waves; the tag responds by sending back its data. RFID tags transmit their identification code
and are detected by the RFID readers onboard the vehicle.
The information is transmitted to a MC, which determines the correspondence between tag ID and readers.
This MC communicates the new target speed as well as other relevant data for the control of the vehicle.
MAX-232 It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter
that meets all RS232 specifications while using only +5V power supply.
It has two onboard charge pump voltage converters which generate +10V to -10V power supplies from a single 5V supply.
It has four level translators, two of which are RS232 transmitters that convert TTL/CMOS input levels into +9V RS232 outputs.
The other two level translators are RS232 receivers that convert RS232 input to 5V.
DC MOTOR An electric motor is a machine which
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power.
When electric field passes through the coil in a magnetic field, the magnetic force produces a torque which turns the DC motor.
WORKING OF A DC MOTOR
Electric current is supplied externally through commutatorMagnetic force acts
perpendicular to both wire and magnetic field
Commutator reverses the current each half revolution to keep the torque running the coil in the same direction
Torque in dc motor
Current in dc motor
The running torque of the motor is proportional to magnetic field
The magnetic field is directed from north pole to south pole.
Magnetic force acts perpendicular to both wire and magnetic field
Magnetic field in dc motor
Force in dc motor
RELAYS A relay is an electrical switch that
opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit.
In the original form, the switch is operated by electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contact, because of the relay is able to control an output circuit higher power than the input circuit.
A 16x2 LCD can display 16 characters per line ,
there are two such lines. In this LCD Each character is
displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers:
Command and Data. In our project, we use this LCD for
displaying the speed of the vehicle when it is
entered into rfid region and normal region.
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
WORKING Based on rfid principle, whenever the
rfid card reads certain frequency (speed in this case), the vehicle speed reduces to that limit of speed.
This limit of speed is maintained until the frequency changes.
As soon as the vehicle crosses over the speed limit zone, it moves with its own speed.
POWER SUPPLY
For biasing the microcontroller 5 volts is required and hence this circuit is used to get an output of 5 volts.
VIN (ac)
VIN (ac)
Vout (dc)1 2 3
Regulator|||||||
2|||||||
3|||||||
4
SOFTWARE USED…Language : Embedded ‘C’
TOOLS: Keil µvision3. The Keil is used to compile the
program written in embedded C and convert it to hex file.
Express PCB. C Source Compiler.
ADVANTAGES• Accidents are avoided at least in the speed
restricted areas such as school and hospital zones.
• Moreover it also ensures efficient transportation of vehicles.
• Restricted areas are controlled automatically rather than manually.
• Ease of checking process at high ways and check points.
• The proposed on-board architecture is portable and easily adaptable to any commercial car with minimal modifications.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT In our project, only the test vehicle
was present on the road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles circulating nearby and possibly blocking or attenuating some of the RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles like trucks.
In this aspect, more experimentation is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicle’s control performance. A possible solution is the use of redundant RFID tags (since their cost relatively low), placed at different locations near the restricted zones, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavorable conditions
CONCLUSION The speed control of a vehicle on the road
which can help to decrease one of the major causes of fatalities: the excessive or inadequate vehicle speed.
since active RFID technology permits to detect the presence and identity of the vehicles reliably and sufficiently in advance, so corrective actions on the vehicle’s behaviour can be taken.
the vehicle’s speed is successfully controlled as a result of the detection of the signals, increasing the driver’s safety.
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