m. s. tillack
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M. S. Tillack
Some Thoughts on Phase II: Final Optics
HAPL Project Meeting, Georgia Tech5–6 February 2004
Goals for Laser IFE Phase II- (Page 1/2)
Overall Objective: Establish Science & Technology to buildEngineering Test Facility
1. Laser Facility1. Laser Facility
Lasers: Build a full-scale (power plant sized) laser beam line using the best laser choice to emerge from Phase I:
(KrF: 50-100 kJ)(DPPSL: 4-12 kJ)
The beam line will demonstrate all the fusion energy requirements, including efficiency, rep-rate, durability, and cost basis
Final optics/target injection: Demonstrate the full scale beam line can be steered to hit a target that is repetitively injected into a chamber, with the required precision and optics LIDT durability.
Chamber Dynamics: Evaluate chamber clearing models: “Mini Chamber”
Chamber materials: Study candidate wall and/or optics materials
Goals for Laser IFE Phase II – (Page 2/2)
2. Target Facility2. Target FacilityTarget fabrication: Demonstrate “batch mode” mass production of fusion class targets.
Target Injection: Demonstrate repetitive injection of above targets into a simulated fusion chamber environment. And the target survives.
3. Power Plant Design3. Power Plant Design Produce a credible design for a power plant that meets the technical and
economic requirements for commercial power.
4. Chamber and final optics:4. Chamber and final optics: Evaluate candidate materials/structures in a non-fusion environment.
5. Target Physics:5. Target Physics: Modeling: Integrated high-resolution 3D target modeling.
Experiments: Validate design codes with target physics experiments at fusion scale energies single shot (e.g. NIF) and at lower energies on a rep-rate facility.
Assumed Outcomes of Phase I: Concept Exploration
1. A prime candidate concept has been defined– Materials choices– Design concept and design requirements
2. Backup options have been evaluated3. Specimen tests have been performed
– LIDT, x-rays, neutrons?, ions?– Optic size consistent with Phase-I facilities (100-500
J)
4. Pre-planning of Phase-II has been done– facilities, R&D needs
Main Themes of Phase II: Proof of Principle
1. Full scale optic fab/demonstration2. Optic lifetime demonstration (LIDT)3. Expanded radiation testing4. Integration into major facilities
1. Full Scale Optic Fab/Demonstration
• Fabricate and verify surface quality• Include all essential features (like cooling)
– Steering, adaptive wavefront control are not essential features of a final optic
amp 1
amp 2
one optical element ~1 kJ, 2000 cm2 (at 5 J/cm2 laser fluence)
2. LIDT Lifetime Demonstration
• Lifetime demonstration (LIDT) to 108 shots – 16 weeks at 10 Hz non-stop– 5 weeks at 100 Hz, 8-hr days
• Beam size ~1” 10 Hz, 400 mJ, 25 ns, 248 nm
3. Expanded Radiation Testing: lots of questions
• Neutron exposure– are achievable fluence levels
too low to be useful?– is there sufficient existing data?
• Ion implantation– low flux, high fluence is
probably OK– can be done with a “standard”
ion implanter
• X-rays– is low-energy testing adequate?
XAPPER operates withXe (113 eV), Ar (250-300 eV), N (430 eV)
4. Facility Integration
• Integration into major facilities– Phase-II target fab and injection facility– Phase-II laser facility (with chamber)
Targetfab labs
Cryogenic targetsupply systems
Differentialvacuum pumping
Sabotdeflector
Surrogatetargetchamber
In-chambertracking
Low powerhit on fly laser
Positiondetectors
Gun barrelLoadingchamber
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