lunar abridged

ULTIMATE SOLAR-THERMAL STIRLING CYCLE ELECTRICITY GENERATING SYSTEM AT THE LUNAR

EQUATOR

CERAMIC PIPES MADE FROM LUNAR DUST

ALUMINIZED POLYESTER 0.001" THICK, HANGS IN A CATENARY, WHICH EQUALS A PARABOLA

PIPE STANTION EVERY KILOMETER

1 KILOMETER

VARIATION OF SUN RAYS OVER LUNAR EARTH ORBIT

VAPORIZED LUNAR DUST GAS HEATED TO DRIVE STIRLING CYCLE ELECTRIC GENERATORS EVERY 10 TO 100 KILOMETERS ALONG LUNAR EQUATOR

PROPOSED DEPOSITION OF FURLED REFLECTOR FILMS ON LUNAR SURFACE WITH MINIMUM FUEL AND LIFT WEIGHT USING

TILTED SPINNING ROCKETS FOR LUNAR SOFT LANDING

L1 LAGRANGIAN POINT

RELEASE POINT FOR FURLED REFLECTOR

MOON

PICKUP POINT FOR ANOTHERLOAD OF REFLECTOR FOIL

TOTAL ORBIT TIME PERIOD ~ 142 HOURS

DESCENT TRAJECTORYOF FURLED REFLECTOR

SIX FREIGHTERS IN ORBIT,SPACED 24 HOURS APART

SOFT LUNAR LANDING USING PHOTON PRESSURE FROM LUNAR MOUNTED LASER

0.01 METER

FURLED REFLECTOR

100 METERS1.0 MIL. THICK ALUMINIZED POLYESTER

CONFIGURATION OF DESCENT MODULE OFFURLED 9 REFLECTOR CLUSTER

CLUSTER OF 9 FURLED REFLECTORS

CABLE

ENGINES ANGULAR SEPARATIONFOR MINIMUM AXIAL THRUST

ENGINES ANGULAR SEPARATIONFOR MAXIMUM AXIAL THRUST

100 METERS

SOFT LANDING THRUST CALCULATIONS

• Earth Weight of 1 x 105 m² x 2.54 x 10-5 m UV-hard, aluminized polyester reflector

• = 1 x 105 m² x 1.4 grms/cc x 104 cm²/ m² x 2.54 x 10-5 m = 3,556 earth kgrams.

• Solar collection with 30% efficiency solar thermal – electricity Stirling Cycle converter

• = 1,350 watts/m² x 0.3 = 405 watts/m² x 1 x 105 m² = 40.5 Mwatts

• Watts/kgram of collector mass efficiency factor = 40.5 x 106/3,556 Kg. = 11,389 watts/Kg.

• This efficiency factor is 227 times better than the best orbital collector/mass efficiency (SCARLET)

CALCULATIONS SHOWING METHOD OF DEPOSITING NINE,100 X 1,000 m2 SOLAR REFLECTOR STRIPS ON LUNAR SURFACE

DIRECT FROM AN EARTH TO L-1 ECCENTRIC ORBIT

•Effective mass of reflector strip in lunar gravity = 3,556/6 = 593 Kg.•Therefore, a >6000 kgram or 2,727 lb-force thrust deceleration rocket will provide adequate thrust to levitate 9 of these furled reflector to the lunar surface •What is needed is a variable thrust rocket engine that brings the package vertical velocity to near zero at a <10 meter lunar altitude•In order to minimize the required attitude control for the furled reflector the rocket engines would be attached to the 9-furled-reflector bundle by a tension cable in a configuration similar to that used for the Mars Landers, so that the furled package would always be oriented aligned with the lunar local vertical during the landing approach•In order to minimize lateral acceleration during the descent trajectory, the assembly would be spin stabilized around the descent axis during descent. Variable thrust is achieved by varying the angle between the rocket engines•At a height of less than 10 meters above the lunar surface, determined by a radar altimeter, the cable would be severed, and the furled package would drop to the lunar surface by lunar gravity acceleration, while the rocket motor and cable would blast out to space’

SOLAR-THERMAL STIRLING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

• This system, uses the attributes of the lunar platform more efficiently, and uses a higher efficiency solar-thermal-to-electrical power conversion. • Experiments with Stirling cycle solar energy conversion systems, conducted at Sandia

National Laboratories and at NASA Glenn Research Center have have shown that end-to-end solar-to-electricity efficiencies higher than 31.9% are achievable, and as high as 40% if high temperatures for the gas can be reached through the use of high gain solar concentrators.

• This is up to 2.5 times the efficiency of the photovoltaic reference approach studied in 1977. The system shown in the previous slide, which girds the lunar equator, uses the lunar gravity

and windless environment to achieve a very low cost cylindrical concentrator composed entirely of 1 mil aluminized polyester film hanging in a catenary, (which closely approximates a parabola). This catenary focuses the sun on a series of linear pipes containing the Stirling cycle gas. This gas is heated to increase its pressure, thus driving the Stirling engines distributed along this linear concentrator, which generate the electricity.

• No solar tracking is required because it is an optical characteristic of a cylindrical mirror that its line focus is maintained independent of the incident angle of the incoming rays in the plane of the cylindrical axis, and the maximum 5° angular variation of the sun in the elevation plane is accommodated by the width of the black pipe collector. The availability of an unlimited heat sink less than 100°K on the dark side of the moon and in the shadow of the reflector, where the Stirling Engines are mounted, should allow even higher efficiencies.

ECONOMIC FACTORS FOR EQUATORIAL LSPS

• The equatorial location with the dimensions shown in he previous slide results in 10,000 km. of collector length, with 3,330 km2 of net collecting area at any one time.

• As is shown below, since the Stirling cycle efficiency is approximately twice that of the photovoltaic cell configuration, this system produces a net energy of 5.31 Trillion Kw-hrs per year, generating a yearly revenue of $637 billion to the US Treasury at the current average electricity rate of 12 cents/kwatt-hour.

OPTIMUM SYSTEM COLLECTOR AREA X NET GWATTS OF REF. X STIRLING EFFICIENCY__ REFERENCE SYSTEM COLLECTOR AREA PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFICIENCY = 3,330 KM2 X 5.0 GIGAWATTS X _2___ 55 KM2 1 = 606 GIGA-WATTS = 0.606 TRILLION WATTS YEARLY ENERGY AVAILABLE = 0.606 TRILLION WATTS X 8750 HOURS/YEAR   = 5.31 TRILLION KILO-WATT-HOURS/YEAR DOLLAR VALUE OF YEARLY ENERGY @ 12 CENTS/KWATT-HOUR = $637 BILLION(NOTE: THE CURRENT COST OF ELECTRICITY IN FAIRFIELD COUNTY CT IS 18.5-23 CENTS/KILOWATT-HOUR) 

WORLD ELECTRICAL ENERGY COSTS

METHOD OF FUNDING LUNAR SOLAR POWER STATION

As I am sure you have read or heard in the Media of the approvals by Congress and Presidents of both parties, of such obviously un-needed and wasteful projects in the present anti-Terror warfare regime as:

•  The Sea Wolf “Hunter-Killer Attack Submarines ($2 billion each)

• The Osprey STOL Helicopter/Airplane

• The B1 and B-2 Bombers

• The International Space Station

• Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”)

• F-22 Fighter Aircraft

• F-35 Multi-Service Aircraft >$300 billion total

• National Missile Defense >$60 billion todate

METHOD OF FUNDING A LUNAR SOLAR POWER STATION WITHOUT INCREASING TAXES

• In an OP-ED article published in the Stamford Advocate on May 22, 1992, I proposed a diversion of the current funds for weapon systems for which there is no credible mission, into a single, long term, project to obtain more than 5.3 trillion kwatt-hours of electrical energy per year on a 24/7 basis from a lunar solar energy platform. This is equivalent to more than 3 billion barrels of oil per year, indefinitely.

• 3 billion barrels is the total amount stored in the Artic National Wildlife range

• I submit that these funds are currently being directed to “WPA” type “make work” projects to defense and aerospace contractors, which form part of the “Military-Industrial-Congressional Complex.

• One of many such weapon systems are the “hunter-killer” attack submarines currently being built and serviced here in Connecticut by the Groton submarine base.

• Senator Lieberman and Governor Rell have made proud statements of “saving 31,000 jobs” by continuing this wasteful use of taxpayer funds.

• In my proposal, these same funds would be diverted to one useful project to make the US energy independent by obtaining unlimited, absolutely clean, energy from space on a 24/7 basis.

• Moreover, by re-directing these already-allocated funds to the same aerospace industries receiving them now, there would be no lay-offs, no economic dislocation, and no increase in taxes.

MAJOR ADVANTAGES RESULTING FROM THIS DIVERSION OF EXISTING TAX FUNDS

The following major advantages would accrue from implementation of this project:

1. Reducing and Ultimately Reversing Global Warming

2. Starving Terrorist funding by eliminating US dependence on Mideast oil

3. Saving Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid without an increase in any taxes or F.I.C.A by utilizing the $637 billion yearly income from lunar solar power at the current rate of 0.12/kilowatt-hour

4. Paying off the National Debt

5. Reversing the US balance of payments deficit by exporting lunar solar energy to the world

6. Once National Debt is paid off, a reduction of US income taxes even for the billionaires,

7. If a senior official of the US were to announce the proposed initiation of this program, oil futures would drop by at least 20 points and gas and heating oil prices would drop commensurately

. 8. As was discussed in multiple OP-ED pieces by Tom Friedman of the New York Times, our profligate use of oil is being used as a weapon against us by funding Iran, Al Qaeda, Hezbolla, etc. The best long range weapon against Terrorism is to cut off the funding to these terrorist sources by reducing our consumption of foreign oil (see 2. above).

THE PAYBACK• As is shown in the previous slides, the Lunar Equatorial Stirling System

can generate 5.31 trillion kilowatt-hours per year, which has a value of $637 billion per year input to the US Economy at 12 cents/kilowatt-hour into the indefinite future

• 5.31 trillion kilowatt-hours represents less than 3% of world energy usage in 2010

• With the unlimited energy available from the moon, if we double the size of the Stirling System on the moon at an additional cost of $200 billion, the US Treasury receives $1.3 trillion per year, doubling it again, (amounting to less than 10% of 2020 world energy usage), would produce $2.6 trillion/year etc.

• This would eliminate the Budget Deficit and ultimately, the National Debt, eliminate all taxes for the US in a few years, and would allow the US to “Corner the Market” on world energy”, making the US a 19th century “robber baron” capitalist, something even the Republicans would approve of.

• I consider this to be a “no-brainer”• However, as demonstrated in the next few slides, the only response I

have received in my 32 year communications to the “movers and shakers” of the world, is a “no-courager”-response.

THE "YELLOW BADGE OF POLITICAL COWARDICE" LIST

 PERSON WRITTEN TO DATE RESPONSE RECEIVED

 President Jimmy Carter December 19, 1979 Form letter from Pentagon

Mr. Anthony Lewis The New York Times April 2, 1986 Innocuous letter

President Ronald Reagan February 19, 1987 None

General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev November 26, 1985 None

Governor Michael Dukakis May 26, 1988 None

Governor Mario Cuomo November 19, 1991 None

Dr. Michael Griffin NASA January 13, 1992 Acknowledgment letter, referred to subordinates. Innocuous response.

Mr. Adam Smith Channel 13 January 23, 1992 None

Senator Paul Tsongas February 16, 1992 None

President Boris Yeltsin February 16, 1992 None

Dr. Seymour Melman Chairman,

National Commission for Energy Conversion March 13, 1992 None

Mr. H. Ross Perot April 2, 1992 None

(after second Presidential Debate) May 13, 1992 None

Senator Joseph Lieberman June 10, 1992 None Senator Albert Gore Jr. July 22, 1992 None Secretary James Baker Chief of Presidential Staff (President Bush) September 10, 1992 NoneThe OP-ED Editor, The New York Times September 17, 1992 NonePresident-Elect Bill Clinton November 4 1992 Form letter not dealing with any issues

raised in my letter

THE "YELLOW BADGE OF POLITICAL COWARDICE" LIST (CONTINUED.)PERSON WRITTEN TO DATE RESPONSE RECEIVEDDr. Freeman Dyson, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University November 16, 1992 NonePresident Jimmy Carter November 16, 1992 NoneThe Editor, The Washington Post November 20, 1992 NoneProgram Director Sixty Minutes CBS Television December 14, 1992 NoneMr. Peter Nye, Editor, PUBLIC CITIZEN January 15, 1992 NoneMr. Daniel Yergin Yergin Associates January 30, 1993 NoneAdmiral Gene LaRoque Center for Defense Info. February 15, 1993 NoneProgram Director, DAY ONE, ABC Television March 12. 1993 NoneThe Sierra Club (CT) April 15, 1993 Carl Pope, president, “Microwaves

will blow up the atmosphere”Congressman Christopher Shays October 18, 1993 Form letter, Referred to DOE, generated

form letter “Not our present policy”The Concord Coalition December 9, 1993 NoneLarry King CNN December 9, 1993 NoneCONNPERG January 4, 1994 NonePresident Clinton December 8, 1994 NoneSpeaker Newt. Gingrich February 2, 1995 NoneThomas Friedman NY Times December 24, 1995 NoneSenator John McCain January 5, 1996 Form LetterSenator Bill Bradley April 9, 1999 NoneRalph Nader May 20, 2000 None, AFTER BEING PERSONALLY

HANDED MY PROPOSALJohn Kerry September 2003 NoneDennis Kucinich October, 2003 NoneHoward Dean October 2003 NoneCongressman Christopher Shays March 2006 30 minute meeting. No action takenCongressional Candidate Diane Farrell April 2006 Response FAX. No action takenSpeaker Nancy Pelosi May 2006 No ResponseAll Announced presidential nomination candidates for 2008 January 2008 No Responses President Obama February 2009 No Response todateCongressman Jim Himes March 2008, April 2008, March 2011 No Response after meetingSenator Richard Blumenthal February 2011 Form letter

• When you address the “US Military Industrial Complex", your attitude is that it is the incarnation of evil, intent only

upon destroying the Soviet Union by military threats or application of military advantage.

• Since I am a member of the "Military Industrial Complex", I assure you that for me, or any one I know, this is not the case.

• However, when it comes to putting bread on the table, most people (including me) will justify their work in the Defense Establishment as assigned tasks that must be done properly and whose parochial justifications may even be advocated so that work accomplished on an ongoing project is not "wasted" by its cancellation.

• I submit to you that this insidious "work ethic" is the underlying cause of the Arms Race to a much greater extent than any military or political necessities."

FROM A LETTER TO PRESIDENT GORBACHEV (1985)

FROM A 1986 LETTER TO PRESIDENT REAGAN

• "It might be of interest for you to know that I am, by profession, an electro-optical engineer, whose hey-day would come with the widespread implementation of the space laser systems in "Star Wars". However, I consider such work a prostitution of my art, which, unfortunately, I, and a majority of my professional associates, do as a matter of economic survival.“

• The above quotation from my letter to President Reagan proved to be a prediction of the future.

• I am very proud of my conceptual design effort on the earth attitude sensor used on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft, which made a historic discovery of "wrinkles" in the Universe, and ratified the "Big Bang" Theory. I am not proud of my design stewardship of a Strategic Defense Initiative infrared scanning camera system, which was to be flown on the Space Shuttle. After $15 million had been spent and the camera was near completion, the whole >$200 million program was canceled due to insufficient funds, whereby this camera has now taken its place among its multi-million dollar predecessors, gathering dust in a warehouse.

References

• “Satellite Power System Concept System Definition Technical Assessment Report” NASA December 1980

• “Environmental Assessment for the SPS • Microwave Health and Ecological Effects”

EPA November 1980• Space Power Free Piston Stirling Engine

Scaling Study” Mechanical Technology Inc. NASA

• CR-182218 October 1, 1989

SUN SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE

SPECTRAL RADIANCE @ 77°F EARTH TEMPERATURE

8-12 MICRON ATMOSPHERIC “WINDOW” EARTH TO

SPACE

CO2 ABSORPTION @ 250 PPM

CO2 ABSORPTION @ 350 PPM

WATER VAPOR ABSORPTION

O2 AND OZONE PROTECTION FROM ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

PHYSICS OF GLOBAL WARMING

VISIBLE REGION

SPECTRAL TRANSMISSION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

COMMENTS ON GLOBAL WARMING PHYSICS

• The previous slide shows the unique relationship between a 77°F earth temperature spectral emission curve and the “windows” in the earth atmosphere.

• The 8 – 12 micrometer atmospheric window allows the earth to radiate the heat gained from the sun out to cold space, thus preventing global warming. This can be experimentally proven by placing a thermos bottle with a few oz. of water in its bottom in 120F Arizona, looking at the sky, where the water will freeze.

• By increasing the CO2 content of the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, we reduce the width of this window, and effectively “choke” the windpipe of the earth, not allowing it to “breath out”.

• This exquisite balance of atmospheric gases is now being mucked up (and I could use a more appropriate word) by the bible thumpers of Kansas and other places who drive their 8 mpg. Hummers and zero-to-sixty-in-four-seconds muscle cars, causing global warming. My statement to these bible thumpers is: “You are mucking up an “Intelligent Design”.