low cost na-ion based solid electrolytes and organic electrodes … · 2019. 2. 12. · yan yao...
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Low Cost Na-ion Based Solid Electrolytes and Organic Electrodes for Grid Storage
Yan YaoAssociate Professor of Electrical Engineering and
Texas Center for SuperconductivityUniversity of Houston
Workshop on Non-aqueous Flow BatteriesSanta Fe, NM. Jan. 29, 2019
2
Electrolyte dictated materials design for organic electrode materialsAqueouselectrolyte
SolidNaelectrolyte Non-aqueousMgelectrolyte
3
Na solid electrolytes as potential membranes for NRFBs
Dense solid electrolytes may function as membranes for NRFBs - single ion conductors - no cross-cover issues- Chemically stable S.H.Moonetal.RSCAdv.,2013,3,9095–9116
Glassy sulfide electrolyte
β''-Al2O3 electrolyte
4
Unfavorable electrode-electrolyte interfaceMechanical:Contact loss
Electrochemical:Irreversible resistive layerChemical:
Chemical reaction
Carbon
Challenges in cathode-solid sulfide electrolyte interfaceI. Irreversible resistive layer
J. Janek et al. J. Mater. Chem. A., 2017, 5, 22750
II. Mechanical contact loss
NMC-811
J. Janek et al. Chem. Mater., 2017, 29, 5574
5
Cathode materials in all-solid-state sulfide electrolyte batteries
Observed Theoretical
Stab
le W
indo
w o
f Su
lfide
SSE
sD
ecom
posi
tion
of
Sulfi
de S
SEs
Na2/3Co2/3Mn1/3O2
NaCrO2
Na3V2(PO4)3
NaFePO4
Na-TiS2Na4C6O6
0 50 100 150 200 250 3001
2
3
4
Pote
ntia
l (V
vs. N
a+ /Na)
Specific capacity (mAh g-1)
700500100 300 (Wh kg-1)
Ø Most intercalation cathodes operate at potentials above the anodic decomposition potential of SSEs (low capacity and 10-50 cycles)
Ø Solution: High-capacity organic cathodes with moderate redox potentialØ Na4PTO 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles at a capacity of 300 mAh/g
6
Organic cathodes with unprecendented cycle life
Na2C6O6 Na4C6O6
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
Efficiency (%)
Pote
ntia
l (V
vs. N
a 15S
n 4)
Specific capacity (mAh g-1)
1st 10th
50th 100th
0.1C
0 20 40 60 80 1000
50100150200
Charging Discharging
Cap
acity
(mAh
g-1
)
Cycle number40
60
80
100
Na4PTOPTO
Chi et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57, 2630;Fang, Yao, under review
0 100 200 300 4000.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Pote
ntia
l (V
vs. N
a 15Sn
4)Specific capacity (mAh g-1)
1st 2nd
20th
50th
100th
0 100 200 300 400 500100
200
300
400
500
Charging Discharging
Spec
ific c
apac
ity (m
Ah g
-1)
Cycle number
80
85
90
95
100
105
Coul
ombi
c ef
ficie
ncy
(%)
7
Intimate contact between organic cathodes and electrolytes
Fresh
Cycled
J. Janek et al. Chem. Mater., 2017, 29, 5574
PTO:4.2GPaNa3PS4:10GPaNMC:150GPa
Fang,Yao,submitted
8
Formation of reversible resistive layer at cathode-solid interface
Moderate redox potential of organic cathodes that aligns with stable window of sulfide electrolytes.
NMC-811
✓
✕
✕
9
Acknowledgements
Collaborators
Funding SupportAqueous batteryü DOE/ARPA-Eü Research Corp. Solid batteryü DOE/ARPA-Eü DOE/EERE (Battery500)ü NASAMg batteryü ONR YIP ü NSF
Thanks to the organizers, the funding agency, and the audience for your attention.
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