louise arbour -- integrating security, development and human rights
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The Honorable
Louise ArbourIntegrating Security, Development
and HumanRights
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Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice
Dlvd h 24h Sm, 2008 h
joan b. kroc inStitute For peace & juStice
j b. k Shl p Sds
uvsy S Dg
S Dg, cl
The Hooable Loie Abo
Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights
ed em nm
S pgm of D klw
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Photo:ArchitecturalPhotography,
Inc.
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TABLE OF COnTEnTs
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L Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights 41
Qss d asws 64
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a h uvsy S Dg 76
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JOAn B. KrOC InsTITuTE FOr PEACE & JusTICE
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JOAn B. KrOC DIsTInguIsHED LECTurE sErIEs
edwd 2003 y gs g h j b. k is p
& js m h l j k, h Dsgshd L Ss s m
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DIsTInguIsHED LECTurErs
al 15, 2003 r edgGl Sy, nl cl chhsThe Role of the Church in U.S. Foreign Policy
My 8, 2003 Hl cldpsd, nl ply rsh isThe New Nuclear Danger
o 15, 2003 rhd j. Gldsjs h csl c Sh a The Role of International Law in Preventing Deadly Conflict
jy 14, 2004 amssd Dld k. Sgu.S. Dm S
Conflict, Gender and Human Rights: Lessons Learnedfrom the Field
al 14, 2004 Gl ahy c. Zud Ss M cs (d) From the Battlefield to the Negotiating Table:
Preventing Deadly Conflict
nvm 4, 2004 H ashwSy Gl pls iv hpm Gll Dlg d Dmy
Concept, Context and Process in Peacemaking:
The Palestinian-Israeli Experience
nvm 17, 2004 nl Hyzexv D u.n. Dvlm Fd WmWomen, War and Peace: Mobilizing for Securityand Justice in the 21st Century
Fy 10, 2005 th Hl Llyd axwhypsd, uvsy Wg
The Responsibility to Protect: Prescription for a GlobalPublic Domain
Mh 31, 2005 My rsFm psd ild d u.n. Hghcmmss Hm rghs
Human Rights and Ethical Globalization
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o 27, 2005 Hs exlly kml MsFm psd h rl bsw
Perspectives into the Conflict in the Democratic Republicof the Congo and Contemporary Peacebuilding Efforts
jy 27, 2006 amssd chsh r. Hllu.S. Dm SU.S. Policy in East Asia and the Pacific
Mh 9, 2006 Wllm F. Shlzexv D amsy il uSaTainted Legacy: 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights
Sm 7, 2006 Sh ed2003 nl p LIran Awakening: Human Rights, Women and Islam
o 18, 2006 M Mm, alm Vv pz, i SgWomen, War and Peace: The Politics of Peacebuilding
al 12, 2007 th Hl Gh evspsd il css GPreventing Mass Atrocities: Making Never Againa Reality
Sm 20, 2007 kh rhexv D Hm rghs Wh
The Dynamics of Human Rights and the Environment
Mh 4, 2008 j egldFm ud-Sy-Gl Hmas d emgy rl cd h u.n.War, Peace and Climate Change: A Billion Lives in the Balance
al 17, 2008 j GdllFd j Gdll is d u.n. Mssg p
Reason for Hope
Sm 24, 2008 th Hl Ls aFm u.n. Hgh cmmss Hm rghs
Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights
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BIOgrAPHY OF THE HOnOrABLE
LOuIsE ArBOurth Hl Ls a ws h ud ns Hgh cmmss
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InTErVIEW
The following is an edited transcript of an interview with Louise Arbour,
conducted on Sept. 24, 2008, by Dustin Sharp, J.D., senior program officer
at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice.
DS: Id like to interview about a broad range of topics, touching both
upon your personal life and background as well as many things related
to international justice and human rights. To start with, is there
anything in your early experience growing up in Canada that you feel,
looking back, set you on the path to becoming an advocate for justice
and human rights or to becoming a member of the legal profession?
Were there any special figures or experiences that influenced you?
La: esslly , whh i h s gg h ms yg l
i m wh d sm w wh d wh h lvs; i h im l
mdl hm. cly h ly my d i hd l
s hs m s hgs i dd dg l, ldg mg
lwy. n h ws my lds ss gwg . L
l l my g i d mysl lw shl y wll y
dl s i dd sm hv y l yhg h ws lly hd. Lw
shl smd lvly ssl, d h gl ss hs dys ws
wh lw dg y ld h g lsm ls, s i ws v
lly dv v h lw s ss.
DS: It was the flexibility.
La: Ys, ws h , my vw, gl d d
s ms h glly sd m, l l, ll s. b
s y l h i d my mh lll ss lw shl.
i ld lw shl gh m h gg, whl l l dd. My
g ss vy dly h lw shl ys, d vy g. i
ld vyhg . i ld h vy mhl s, l h ls
d s . i d h gg. b vsly h m ws h m
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( y w s h) hgh ml d gzl s
dv vls. i ld vyhg h lw. i ld ll l lw sss.
i ld sl lw, ml lw l.
th ws s dg mm, s s h s. a my h
ys lw shl Q, cd w d lg qly h
. Dg h y, h dl gvm d h W Mss a,
sslly g h y s mgy, ssdg ll vl
ls h wh ws lld h wgly s
hdd s h hds ss ss Q. ths
ws mms ll wg m s sslly h gly
dm ss. ths ws g ll dmy, cd, wh
lg hsy , d ll sdd vgh i lvd Ml h
my hd v ll h l ss. th ss h y Ml
ll w d mly , s smd. i ws vy lsm.
Fm h i dvld l mmm sg h lw dvl
w l, ls s h m l h v
h s w. i m v h cd cvl Ls ass.
S h ll mm m s ws y dg.
DS: As a student and as a young law professor, would you say your
focus was more on domestic civil liberties, protections, than it was
international human rights per se?
La: Ys. i w lw shl m 1967 1970, d hs ws ly h
h vy ggssv dss ls ss y Fh
cds. i , s h h i w h s m h s
cd, eglsh cd, whh llly ws vy g. Wh h
hd w ys l i ws s mzd h ll sss h
l w dsssg eglsh cd, l h Vm W, vy,
gd qly. Dg my ys lw shl Q, h xyg ws
ly y h qs Q lsm. i ws h sl
ss w hd ds , d s w w ss
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d w hd ss d vws h Vm W , h
qs h l Fh-sg cds d Qs
xsg h gh sl-dm vsly dmd ll h sss.
W w smd y h, whh h m vy sg m wh
i wd s h s, lly h m Ygslv wh
lsm hd hlgy. Wh i m m, lsm ws h
ms vy m, sv s h ws hg wg wh
. i ws vy lgm, vy m s ss h w dvd
Q msly y s d lmms d ws d llls
d y l dy l wh wd s lv h lvs wh
h w l. S ws vy shg m s h dlly
lsm d s hvg sslly d h dlgy
ls, h dlgy xls h gd.
DS: I think within the larger human rights community its not unusual
to find people who were drawn to it by their experience as a racial or
religious or cultural minority in the countries in which theyve grown
up. To what extent did your experience growing up as a French Canadian
help draw you into human rights at a later point, or at least spark your
interest in civil liberties and the boundaries of state power?
La: Ddg y sv, y my d my.
Fh-sg Qs my sd cd, vy lg
my sd Q. S, y lllly hs, y hv
vy ss h, hw ssv y d s mm h
my vs vs vg s ll, m, ll s
ysl mgs h my, ls hw y vy sly dg s
m h ss ms s, Q, gl
ls, y lg s ms ll ms,
l, l wh dsls, h s-gs y w mmy
wh my s. S, my ds vd, y wllg
ddss hs sss, sgh h dvm ghs.
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DS: Over the course of your career youve played an extraordinary
number of roles and also a diversity of roles, going from law
professor to judge, human rights investigator, chief prosecutor for the
International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
and Rwanda (ICTR), high commissioner for human rights. Its many
peoples experience that if you spend a long enough time in a certain
career, theres a certain professional sensibility and worldview thats
shaped. At some level, do you still see yourself as a professor or judge?
Do you identify with any of those roles? Do you see these in some
ways as roles that youve played on the stage or costumes that youve
had to wear, and your identity lies in some other place behind that?
La: Wll, s m , ls hs ls i hd w
sm h h s h mh s ll . i hv
sy h wh hs s ll v (d s ll v; i h i sll d mysl
glly mlyd i ld s m my md wh d wh
my ), i h mysl s s. i ss i ld sy lwy,
i m s h lw. i w h mysl lly s dg,
hgh iv d h lg my . i ws ls dm
sdl . th i ws l vl sv my
w l ls, hy w vy d h s d
h hgh mmss.
b h mm hd hgh ll hs s i m ll hs ss
vy mh s s h lw, s s. i lv h lw. is h
ld whh i hv xs whh im vy sl-l; i s my w
dgm d lyss h lw. ad h s i h i ws dl
s h m ll s, s lly. ad iv
ld i h im ly h i ws wh i s d ll
h dsdg h mlxs, sy, h ud ns. b h
mm hd s slly, lly m h ssy s h l
lw s gzg l l d dms s.
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I am pobably le a advocate tha aythi ele becae the oe thi Ive
eve eally doe i be a cotoom lawye. I kow a lot abot techiqe of
advocacy, cetaily cotoom advocacy, viewi it fom the bech, ad Ive
paticipated i lot of thee thi, bt oe thi I havet doe myelf i the
kid of advocacy that ow Im fee to do tha Ive eve bee eally i my life.
DS: I also wanted to talk about the relationship between career, gender
and family issues. In the context of the current U.S. presidential election,
questions have been raised in some quarters about the ability of Sarah Palin,
the nominee for vice president on the Republican ticket, to serve as vice
president of this country given that she has five children, including one child
with special needs. Of course, many people have pointed out that the same
question would never be asked of a male candidate, and I know you have
three children, and grandchildren as well. In your career, have you had to
face this double standard as well as other double standards along the way?
La: i hv md hs, ssl hs, h lwys sd
ll my mss ldg h h i hv h hld d i ws h
mh hs wld. Whh ll ss d s sll ms gd
ls h d m d wm, y l gllly i h
vwhlmg s . ad y i hv my ds wh wm lwys
whv hd hsds whs s hv gv hm m lwy
hm. i h h s gwg hg h hws syl mdl
h nh am mly . b s hgg vy slwly.
My dgh s w h wh i ws wh sh ws , 31-y-ld
lwy, xg sd hld, d ly, smms i h, Gd wv md
gss. Sh s xly h sss i ws g hld d wh
d gms l. Wv gssd ll ; i h h
my-lv s d s s m dvd d dvld.
b sslly i wld v l h wm hw h
l d mg h mly mss. i h dds s ll h
sh wh h ss, h l sh ws ly h gg
h hld. th w hgs i dlly ddd s, d
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my hs why i v w v wh my hld
w q smll. ev hgh i lwys wd, my g vll hm
ws vy m m wh hy w q yg. bslly h s iv
d ll l my i ld hv d wh my hld w
ll , s i dd hv h x vsly, ls s
my mly mss wld hv md .
DS: I want to shift gears and now talk about issues of international
justice and international judicial policy, international tribunals and
prosecutions. From 1996 to 1999 you served as chief prosecutor for
the ICTR and ICTY, and as youve said publicly before, these tribunals
are part of the legacy of Nuremberg and in turn theyre going to leave
their own legacy. Of course, no initiative is perfect you might say
little by little were conducting experiments in international justice,
hoping that each one is better than what came before it. What are the
lessons of the ICTY and ICTR? What do they represent in terms of
achievements? But also, what would we change if we could go back,
knowing what we know now?
La: i h h ggs hvm h w d h ls,
gh, s h hy w sly sssl ld h
h il cml c (icc). i ws vs wh hy sd
whh hs wld -sh , wh wld h lss ld.
th ls shmgs. i h w hd d g, i wld l
h w wld hv d ml h wld lss sly, m
s hy sy, s l dgs dg: Smms s ml
hy dg ll, s y d wh h ss lsly.
th s smhg slly mls h h hs ls
hv h h sd d ld h h il cml c.
Wh i sy s mls, s s h w vsly sg llwds lwg sly gs h xs h d ly.
i ss ws d vy dly. th ls sl lws. i y
sd ml lw s, s vy l m s
h w d slly dms mdls ml lw m d
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ssd h h l mmy, h vm s
mlly d. ad h icc hs xd h.
i h h lg m wll hv mv ml lw mdl h
s vy dgs wg h l m, whh ms ll
h vs w d hv w l ls ms h
l ss h s s wg gs y. i y d hd
s hgh-g mly , s ssl vy s,
s ssl h hs gvm wll hv s gg hm
qd d wll w vy sysmlly h d. th ls
msd h h s h s wh hs ll h ss ws,
s s h l y hv ss h s d
gv dvgs h sd, l h sm d h
gh d sl m d h gh sl d ll ds
ghs. Y ss h mhds vll h s. i
hs vms vy h s s mlly vsd: th s
s h h sd. S w sll hv lly sm w d. b h
ggs sss s h w g h.
as xml, v hgh hy mgh hv mlly dsmld,
wh i vd 1996 s s, h ws dl ssly h h
ls wld d ls s s h dgs l w
s sd h lmd s ss dd w mls. nw,
m, hs wld hv sh s s wld hv
m vy ddv d h ls wld hv slly m s
hvs. i h ws lv s, h ll ll wll h
ws m hs ss wld hv mlly dssd. S h
h w lly mgd m hs ls w s l s wh,
hd s ws, ll h s vlly ll l, m vsg
s l v , s hg sh mls.
DS: Some people have criticized the tribunals in particular by saying
that they werent anchored in the communities which they were most
intended to serve. What do you think of this criticism? To some extent,
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one can ask the question whether its possible to do international justice
or international tribunals in a way that avoids this, given that the
international community only intervenes when the national systems
have already failed, so there is some disconnect between tribunals and
the victims to begin with. Do you think something like the Special
Court for Sierra Leone, a more hybrid model, has hit the mark, even
though it obviously has its own shortcomings?
La: cly h mm lw d, h dml h
y sysm s h s hs ll d s ll s ssl. a hg
v s ldy xdy ms h mlyd ly
wh l s hws s. S h d h s s vy ll d
hs wd y h d mmy s vy sg. i h w hv
s slvs whh hs s dsl h l m, d s
dsl, h w shld d vyhg w mmd, gzg
h sm ss wll mmdly ssl. i w rwd,
s, w lv h hs ll s l s s l,
h qs s, hw s ld y hld l kgl?
i h s w hv s slvs dml qss: a w g s
ssg dms mdl h l mdl? Wh m s
gs hmy, wh s h d mmy? Wh s h
v h l? i h s wh hg s s ll,
lss h d , ms mly, h d
l v. i y h Sl c S L, y
mgh sy ll sg s hs msd wld hv
g m dmslly s ws ls h gd s s,
my l lss m lly llg h S L sy h
wld d, h wy, llyg h l mmy s d
wh hd, svg s d mdl. i h s h wys.
My hs wll ll m lv s w mv wh gghys l lss lv wh h d m hlgy w hv.
i h h y hgh s w hs mdls s sly s slvs,
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wh s h gdg l, wh s h dsl v? ad h d
vyhg w s h v, s sd dg wh
mh hgh whh w ld g mh ls h gd. Wh ictY,
s, mgh hv h gg, my lss l
h ss.
DS: Do you think the ICC obviates the need for ICTRs and ICTYs?
Are these the last ad hoc tribunals were going to see? Also, you
mentioned the issue of cost. Its often been said that war and human
rights violations are much more costly than justice will ever be, but
politically the issue of cost in the United Nations is very problematic.
Will the combination of the ICC and the cost of the ICTR and ICTY
mean that they will be the last of their kind?
La: i h s vy dl mg h h Sy cl wld s
h d h l, lly w h hs d h d
sdg l h icc h s h Sd. nw h h Sy
cl hs sd s l w, wld hd mg wh d
l wld hs s h icc d ll ll h
xds sg lly lll ss.
i ds m h h Sy cls l vg ly s v
q h s. i h h, ss ssgly hly, hy dd
xs h sd h s Sd. b sms m h h sds
sgl h hs s h g h , d w lly s lly
sl-sdg l d h vs l h s w. Wll ly s
l m hyd-y mdls d ly s ls hg , s w
sg h s L, sd h dl w ms ls.
ths dg h i h. W hv h y ssly
whh h ud ns ws h slml ml ssss, hd ssly w ms ms gs hmy
sm ss wh h my l ll dls s sg
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h l sysms. a L, h sm ss ld h s
h ssss bz bh, s. Hs svg y
h hs l y vsgs d ss, wh
h ld ll sss. S, wll h ud ns dw
ml s m sd h w ms mdls? i h h ys
sll hs ds sss.
as s, y ly . i wll s h y h
l l h icc s h h dy g s.
a h d h dy, s hw mh my ss h s
ms w ms dy h dg Monuc h
Drc.1 th qs s d wll lwys m: i h ws ll h l
mmy ws d s-l s, ws
my wll-s ll h l 12 50 l, sy h
s rwd? Wh shld hv h gh sw h qs? is
h vms, h l rwd? Wld hy hv sd, Wll, y hd
ld s y wld sdg ll dlls hs xs, w wld
hv sd h y, s w h h d wll d smhg ls
wh ? b hs h wy i h h lslly l .
DS: When we talk about the future of tribunals, the future of the
ICC, but more globally the future of international accountability
mechanisms and international justice, one of the big questions out there
and its argued different ways by different sides is the question of
politicization. Concerns are typically raised on at least two levels, the
first being that given limited resources and the amount of time it takes
to prosecute someone, only the biggest fish are going to be prosecuted,
which inevitably raises questions about individual selectivity.
And the second issue: African governments often maintain that they
are disproportionately targeted by international justice mechanisms.They say that when you look around the world, Africans are brought
to book while abusers from the U.S., Russia and Israel are left to
1 ud ns ogz Mss h Dm rl h cg.
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carry on. This is particularly raised in the context of the ICC where
all the indictments and prosecutions thus far have been Africans. Im
wondering what you think of this issue generally.
Id also like to ask you, as a former prosecutor who did have to operate
with limited resources, how did you go about choosing whom to
indict? Was it solely a legal determination, or do political policy and
pragmatic concerns inevitably slip into the mix?
La: i h hs qs lz h l h s d
hs whl g, s w hv dsd wh w m y ll
sds. i w m, xm, wld h s s h
s h vl m mm h Sy cl
g v wld hy m v h h d
l, ly ll s mlly .
i dms x, h gl ssm s h ll ms dd
sd lss hs d de minimisl h hy s
m hy gd dssd y sm m m ds
sl. uvsl s s h m. th m y w
vm lly, hs lly h s; dy lms h
vy s mld h gd rwd wll sd
l . i vs h xs ds, whh s
h sm hg s ll sd. is ll h dl
ss, sd h ls.
i sms m h wh w d s m xl mw dvld
y h s gd h xs hs h ds, s h
wld sly vsl why hgs d d hs,
why s d hs. i h wh s lm s h,
ssmg h s gdg ly, s dslsd d s dsl,s ls vy s. Ds s h sm hg s ss.
i sms m h sm ss, h s y s d
sl hsl. evyhg ls g ql, y hv y
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s sm wh s hgh-g ss, d x h y hv
l wh y d w-y vsg y d v w
h ss s sll lv, hs ld sd. th llhd
hs s h my s y w l .
th y s ss ms h w ds y lg
h ms wh whh hy wll xs , d h s y d
s-y-s ss. is h sm dgs; hs h mw. Ls
dss md y dgs dsy. i ds m hy s
gdd y x d ll, ms y
d d h h. ad i h h s m wh w
m h dsss vy l h.
DS: But supposing for example that one were to look at the African
cases before the ICC and one determined that in each individual
instance they were made on the basis of the best principle, the most
neutral insight available, even so, to what extent do you think that if
this pattern were to continue of targeting almost exclusively African
cases, the ICC is risking some of its long-term credibility as a young
international institution?
La: th wld ssm h h s smhg wg wh hs s-lld
gg lly xlsvly a s. ths gs svl
qss. th s s, hv hy d h icc, h rm S, s
sd hs? id vy g smwh ls, hy hv
d d h s s sd h Sy cl l, hvg
sd s lly gd s smwh. i h
g q sy, wll, hs ll a ss, y hv l
wh hs d h y, wh s h sd s wh.
th sd hg s, h s hs l vy ly h qs mlmy d dmssly ss. ag, i h s
xgg sy h h w hyhlly dl ss
lv h w ms my hv mmd d s,
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y my w s ysl, wh s h llhd h dl l
vsg wll dd? ad g, s ssg wh hy
d h rm S shld hv ly h h
icc wld sslly dl sd s h dd hv
dq lgl sysms d lw m d dl sysms l
d dl m mlx d hgh-s ss.
S, hsy, w vs h s
hs d i h w wll vs mh m h w w h
dvlm lw m d dl y a s
hs qs h icc wll h dl sd. ad hs wll
lw, v hgh my dd ll ss s
. S, g, i h w hv l y lly h ly.
b s h s h h l h iccs w, h ly s
w, ms m a. ag, y hv w s. Y y
hg h s y g d yg d ss lswh
h s ddssg hs llgd shmg whh my vw s
ll ds, d im s h gh . o y wldg
h ly d gg wh a, vy xl h h h
s h s. t my md h qs wld , shld h icc
h my l h a u hvg a s mh
m sysmzd, my hldg sm h ls h d
s ? Smms y sm lly smhg m sv,
h h d h s lly d y gh .
DS: When you were chief prosecutor, many of your efforts were
directed at looking how high up the chain of command responsibility
could legally be attributed. In the wake of rights abuses that have been
committed by U.S. soldiers in the context of the U.S. war on terror
and in Iraq and elsewhere, it seems that responsibility, at least legalresponsibility, has often stopped at a relatively low level. Often when
we talk about impunity for human rights abuses, we associate this
word with poor and war-torn countries, but of course some argue that
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that term does have applicability in the context of the U.S. war on
terror, particularly as it relates to torture, extraordinary rendition
and other abuses that have been committed. How do you assess the
human rights legacy of the U.S. war on terror several years on and
what its done to the ability of the U.S. to act as a good-faith promoter
of human rights around the world?
La: ths vy dl ss. W lwys w q
ms, s hgh vly h my wh d s h xss
w qs ll h ggg h s d h s sms
ll h l h lws w. ad wh hy vy
v, h h w s s s mh, s s lly h w
iq d h w aghs. b s d s, ssmg
sm xsd sm e s, wld h w
l w. S, i h hs mds obscurantisme d
h s h xss, l h w dgs s wldwd
h vs vyhg m vy gd l vs dlgl
ss, s syg xhgs d dl xhgs d s
. i h h w s l h mgy wh ms
h l h lw d whh lws d whm d y whm.
nw, g, h x h h ud Ss hs d h rm y,
s vl xs w y h rm y wld dd
h qly ssssm s g ly d wllgss d
s w vsgs. th g, sms m wld h ss
h u.S. vy hmg xsg h lls s l
y whh s h s gs y xl sy hgh h
ls dl dy, v wh h w ss.
is smms dl dsd why hs d ss
mh m l, mh m s vsgs d g mshvg, h h s , s s ly h s
aghs, wh h vy ssg d d hgh m vl
sls, whh h ld vsgs h v md l d
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v sm d yhg, v h smlls m glg, d
y wh dgs h w h g whh s vy dl
wh y xl wh hd h s l.
DS: Very soon in this country were going to have a new president and
a new administration. What are two or three things for the incoming
administration to do not only to rectify some of the problems and the
excesses of the war on terror, but also to regain some of that moral
standing that at points in our history weve enjoyed?
La: i h h gwh wh hs lld am xlsm s
vy ss lly h d hm ghs d ll dvy
h h u.S. ws d lswh. is l s sy y
shld dg a, b, c D, w gg hld slvs
hs sdds ls w s szd h; ys
shld gh , w d hv y ys d w d,
wll d slvs, s w d y d y l
sss; w g hms hm ghs w d y y
l sms y shld, ll gd y. ths
sly lld dl sdds d hy m ss lly h
dvm, h hmg hm ghs y h u.S. i sm ss
hy lly dl sdds, l ss hy , s
hy dl sm ss, hy s vy am v
hs dms.
i h h s hg h u.S. wld w d s g sl h ld:
s h Hm rghs cl, y l sms, sd l
sgls h s w ly d h s ggd d dvg h
m h l lw. F h s h wld, h Gm
xs, s ds d s w l y h xv
yss dl vw, whh s hllm am dmy.
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th ud Ss hs h hs gv d h s y
mlly mglz h h h s, h xv yg yss
mlly h vsgh h s sds y sgl ly
y h mssg h h u.S. s sdg h sd dmy.
S h, h l mssg s h y shld hv dmy dd
y gss ll mhy: Y shld l l ls h
s d h ss h h w mssv ds h
ll x, d h hs gh y hv wg dmy.
ths s vs dmy h s wh ams lv . Dmy
qs whl s ss hs d ls, md, vl
sy gzs, s h w, l l w lgslv
d xv w. S g, h Gm mssg, q m
h sh ly s , sds sgl h wh w l h
l lw, w d lly m gv h y w wll yss
v shsd l mhsms. S vy lvl i h hs
vs hv vy sly h dvm hm ghs d
dm vls.
DS: In the course of these last seven years, the U.S. administration
has had a lot of high-profile clashes in the Security Council and with
the United Nations. Youve just stepped down from your post as high
commissioner, so I wanted to talk with you about the Office of the High
Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the U.N. human rights
system. What was the high point of your time as high commissioner, and
what were two or three of your biggest frustrations or disappointments
working within that system during your time there?
La: th hgh ws ly wh hd s dg h sy-
gls m v, wh vlly ld h m dm
h Wld Smm 2005 hs ws k as vy ms mgd. H ld hs m mg h Sy cl, s
hs xs w w mdd dvl l h
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o h Hgh cmmss Hm rghs d hgh ll hs
vs, w dly sd l h my vw hd vy
xl vs. i ws vy hw w wd vlvd
mlm ghs, s h mv xss. t m
s, w qsd s h mmm y h Gl assmly
h dlg sh h gl dg h ud ns
wh v ys. i ws mml hvm h w mgd g
h mmm h m dm h m xs.
i ws ls mg h cmmss Hm rghs Hm
rghs cl; h w ls h hgs. b oHcHr sl, slly
hs m h my ys s hgh mmss, i l h wh
w h sz ws wh i m , w s mh my, w gw w
s my s mms, d h hd h y w h ld.
ths ws smg. i ws d mgd h w yd s
gl dgy ss; lly smd gz h ws
hws dvd lms xlsvly svg mm ss, svg
h Hm rghs cl, svg h y dy sysm, d ll
sdd hgh hs lx, oHcHr ws l dd hs ss
dvl s w gd mg d g hm ghs h
ld. S, hs ws i h y dml.
DS: And frustrations and disappointments?
La: Sm hm vy hl d hy wld gl
l s, m hy w vy l. o hm s my l
mg lll m h y dy sysm. is vy s, s
sysm hs vy wll-w, my m mh gl
d. i h s h d m h ud
ns hd dwdld. by h m hy mgd g gh gy
lsh h cmmss Hm rghs d h l, m sl m h y dy sysm ws s mh
h m. b i m sdd h s mg dy s h,
s vsl, d s sl h, hs vy ll hy, s wll-
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w, s sly ssd, s wd ss y vy smll l
xs. i h hs h y l m h h. ad i ws
mlly sssl. Mm ss i h w vy wy h hs
vlly, v h hz, ws l my .
o dy--dy ss, whs sg h hm ghs hgh
mmss, ly m h y h u.n. l ll u.n.
ls dg h s h h d h dy, y
m ss d wh hy shld d d w d. th s
svgy h hm ghs ld s y sh, im s h
hgh mmss gs ls h sm wy dy--dy ss. th
d-sy-gl hm s im s s ms hgly
sd hs ly dly. b hm ghs, s dm.
DS: It seems like so many human rights blockages do just boil down to
a question of political will, which is of course hard to generate as an
international civil servant.
La: Ys, hs gh. b hs why, s hs sg hs s mh
d, y hv m y l-hdd ssssm s d
mly ls ss, d dly wh h s h . o
s y g hvly zd g h h, h d
h dy y hv w wh whs vll. ad sm hgs s
vll.
DS: When we talk about the Human Rights Commission and the
Human Rights Council, is there a distinction? Is there a difference
and are there new possibilities for an effective institution that didnt
exist before?
La: i h h s, slly, gd ws, , w dsmh h h mg h mmss ws lshd d h l
ws d, ws h sm m d wm yg h sm hs
h sm m. ul y hv hlhy , h ss, mms
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h l, hlds, h vs mssds wh h l
m d g d ms hg d i h wll m
h Hm rghs cl dvls s w . Ls hs wy:
is m l h m mmss h l.
i ds hv w s h y ls h ssly y
dm hg. th uvsl pd rvw, v d sl
ds d mls yg h ds h dvdl s, s
dml sm h l dvdl s sy d
h hs h lss h mmss. th mmss ld s
ld v sl dy h ld y mlm
ms. i ws vy gd lg d dvlg ms, h m
sd hvg y s d gg dvdl s,
lly llsd. th l hs h y, hgh h uvsl
pd rvw, gg ss m d s h l d
slgh ls h gsss, ms vs hm ghs shmgs
l vm. ths i h wll y, h h lg wll
sss s sl l wh s d h gd. b wll
m h ms h l h l.
DS: One of the successes of the human rights movement over the last
50 years is that all states now feel at least some obligation to defend
their human rights records and speak in the vocabulary of human
rights. At the same time, part and parcel with that, we see states
becoming more adept at using the language and vocabulary of rights,
seeing through the passage of legal instruments designed to ensure
we strive for human rights, but we see there is very little change on
the ground in terms of abuses that are taking place. What can the
international community and NGOs do thats not already being done
to call people to account for this duplicity: states cloaking themselves
in the language of human rights, the language of democracy, but ofcourse the practice is often anything but?
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La: i h h hg h w hv d smly s hs d
vsl ss h ss h gh d l
hm yllg d smg ll hs mhsms sl ml
ly. i ss s ml h h ls w md d
h h icc ws l, w h s l, s ls sd
dv hm ghs ml smll wy h vm. i h
w hv , s h ms wll l dvl h ss.
i h w d dv hm ghs gl ss, as
s wh s vy s, s hs l wh ll
l, ld y l wh s lly s dg sls.
i h w hv hd- h lm dss h
hm ghs dss h ms m hs dl sdds,
lz, hm ghs g sslly h vhl h m
Ws ss. th ms vy l vy l lgg
dvlg s. i hs l s. i lys l d,
ss Ws s. S i h hs s slly l. ad
hs why i ll my ds h e s, l sm y s
yg h cv h rghs Mg Ws, y dly
l hs h shmgs. c y s hw dl s?
ad ly, h D vw i h s h lss, h
mld h vy sly mld dl ll h m
hm ghs s y sslly hg h gd d h h d
-hzg hgs vy gv wy. i h ll hs sss,
wh h Ws s xss ms ssm h D
vw ss d h dg h ld smd -Sm
lly d s s , s llgm , hs hsl
d xss h h dg s h hs ls l
vy v x h Ws wld l h hm
ghs ss whh hy dly d, whh s sm d whhms l h s h wld. i ss ss h ysm h
y gh, wh y l sss wh h shmgs vy
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vs mg, sm h Ws wld ll sdd ds ll ds
gd ss ly ggd.
i h h d s h Ws s. is sy sy h hyv ldy
d gh, hy h gd gys s wh hs gh s
hy hv m y. ad hy ss h m h
gd, hy gg hv d l h gh hgs hmslvs.
DS: You have also talked about the benefit that increased recognition
by the Western powers of economic, social and cultural rights could
have for the advancement of human rights in general. We often repeat
homilies about the indivisibility and interdependence of all rights, but
of course in practice there has been a marginalization of economic,
social and cultural rights and a privileging of civil and political rights.
Youve also noted in the past that when you consider the links between
security, human rights and development, drawing those distinctions
between the two treaties just simply doesnt make sense anymore. Do
you think the emerging paradigm of human security is something
that would allow us to move out of this legacy of categorization of
rights into two large camps?
La: ths s smhg h i wll ddss my l gh,
wh l sws, ls hghlghg g hs dls. i
h s xssd h h ld gd qly. i y
l h s wm wldwd wh vyg dgs
ss qly vlly vywh, v vy dvd ll
dms whh h l l s sg hy sll
hv ds sh vy d ll hlh d s . i y
l h, sms m h h m m d sl ghs
gd qly s dmlly m sv h h m vls
vl d ll ghs.
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i h s m s my h mg h 60h vsy h
uvsl Dl Hm rghs (uDHr) y g hs
s g, l ss. Fs, i h h dvm m
d sl ghs y y wld gd hg h w ms,
hm, hs wll ls g ddssg dly hs qs
dl sdds, hysy d h s ly llly Ws-
dv vs hm ghs.
i wll ls hv h dvg , h Ws w ssly gg
hs sss, llg h l h dvlg wld. eh hy ss
h hy sd sl d m ghs s s x
dg hg, s why lly gg h? b s vy y
h Ws m m mdl. i my h h lg h u.S.
l ms, h y sv sm h sms hg hm,
wll s h s ms h wll m ssl dssss
h ud Ss.
DS: I want to talk about an issue that isnt always thought of as a
classical human rights problem in the traditional sense. Its the
question of corruption. Many manuscripts have been starting to try
to make the case that, for example, rampant corruption can result in
denial of rights to health and education on the social and economic
rights front. Looking at civil and political rights, if we look at West
Africa for example, weve seen that many of the issues that gave rise
to the phenomenally brutal conflicts that took place in Liberia and
Sierra Leone rest squarely in the area of governance, and here were
talking about mismanagement and corruption. Do you see corruption
as being within the mandate of OHCHR, that its sufficiently bound up
with violations of both civil and political, and economic, social and
cultural rights that we could start to address it as a traditional human
rights issue? What can the U.N. system be doing thats not alreadybeing done to address the question?
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La: i hv sy h h w ms wh ld dg my , i
ws vy m . i l v y h m i l h o h
Hgh cmmss, w ld ly dl wh h y lss hm ghs
sss. i sm w hd lms wld wy s l ss
d y. i hgh w w vy dsd h ss mg,
whh s hg l wh h ud ns, s wh h ud
ns h vl wsdm s h mg s sslly m
d ll ss d hm ghs ss. i dly dsg wh
h vs, h lg h mg d h ud ns ws
lwys sd w-w s h s gd h y
g d s gd h h, d s ll m mdl whh h
vly lvs hd hs wh d h sysm, l
wh dmd dd s.
i h dv sg hm ghs dss ss s m
s mg whh i h s h ms m sss m
ms h lw l mvms whh wll xd y
lm hg d sy d d w s ssy h hgh
mmsss y dvl h xs.
th h s. th hgh mmss hm ghs s vlly
s h u.n. sysm sss ls. thy hv m ll,
hl sss y ls xs, dm ghs, h gh
v, h gh s hg h shsd hm
ghs m dss s lly m. th Mllm Dvlm
Gls ws sly l hm ghs mw h
s h llv vy, m s h m hm ghs
sv y shld lwys v hs h m s. is s
sg vg, s mg s h h ms vll, h dlly
gld h s g h mglzd. all h s vy hd.
S gg s dy gvms d s m
wld hv y hm ghs ls, s s i hgh
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l ws s ll wh hgs h w mh m msm d sly
ld hm ghs vls whh w w sll q d.
DS: Is there any office within the U.N. system that is actually addressing
it? For example, you raise the issue of the Millennium Development
Goals, and in many of these countries, rampant corruption and misuse
of funds from natural resources are in fact some of the reasons that
the Millennium Development Goals are so difficult to attain.
La: th s h dgs d m, unoDc.
DS: But they arent particularly looking at it as a human rights issue.
La: a hy lg yhg s hm ghs ss? unDp [ud
ns Dvlm pgmm] s mssv dvlm gm d
hs ys sd gv. nw h ud ns h
dlg ss hs mvd m gv l lw. evydys h
l lw sss, v Dpko [Dm pg os].
i d h s my lmd ls, wh vlly sss, xl
h h l l lw s h hm ghs sms. is ll
h. ths h d lgl s h m h l
lw. is dmlly hm ghs ss. ths l my gg
hs s, s hs l s.
DS: You mentioned earlier the 60th anniversary of the UDHR. In the 60
years since that was adopted, the human rights movement has often
found itself embroiled in a series of ongoing and persistent debates:
peace versus justice; economic, social and cultural rights versus civil
and political rights; development versus democracy. Given that most
countries have signed on to many of the human rights treaties, with
some famous exceptions such as the United States, what do you makeof the fact that these debates continue decade after decade? Does the
persistence of the debates call into question the universality itself, or
is it just evidence of the persistence of politics?
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La: Wll, ll i sy vsly ghs s, y ly h
m l hm ghs sms, hy y mhsv.
W lly h, h ld s vy ly d wh sms
h h ms vy gd. i ll my vls, i hv y m
s h wh gv h h wld vlly y
hs ghs. Wh l l m ll sy d y d
dsd l lg, i sy, Wll, g m sm
y y wh ds w m gvm ss, wh
ds w dm sh, dm lg, qly.
i h h vsl mw s . i ly ds sm h
ms, sm h ls, sm dl sls ddd ,
sslly iv v shw yhg dly wg wh . b
h shmgs mlm d h ss. th h
ss w h s g mld h s sg s d
l w dm xss d dm lg. Hm
ghs s dy lws d vls h ds sl h ll lm d
v vs. ths ll ml h h hm
ghs ss d . i h lg x h ls d
llgg ss w dm xss d dm lg s
vy mh symm h, h hm ghs d ls d d
h h. i h h s whs lwys gg wh s.
DS: You may be tired of people asking, but whats next?
La: i d w. i lly d w. i wll ly d smhg sm
sg. S, i v sw llgly hl hs qss. i d m
m h, g sm ds. im vy hy ls w m mhs
gg y vl , s sds, vs ls.
DS: Do you have any parting advice for students who may be considering
a career either in international policy and politics or international
human rights?
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La: is vy dl. i my s, hgs hv hd m s dmly
h s dl sy, d wh i dd whh s i s s h d wd
h h g d smhg ls m . th ws hg vy
dl my w . b i h ll h w iv d, sms
m h y hv sly m h gh mx vls, sss,
mmm h hd d slls h h. ths hg m
dgs my vw h d-gds wh hv vy ll sll l
ssly sss. a h sm m, s y sh l
ly h, lly h lgl sss wh hs s mh
ms d l gd wh h. S i h lly hs wh w
w hm ghs sss d s , i h y hv y
ss mmm d, ly i h sy , y hv
d h hd w ls h sls hv d dy--dy ss y
lly w m d.
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WELCOME AnD InTrODuCTIOn
By Dee Aker
Interim Executive Director
Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice
Gd vg. Wlm h j b. k is p & js
(ipj) d h Dsgshd L Ss h Shl p Sds
h uvsy S Dg (uSD). W lsd hv y s hsvg xl v. My m s D a d im h m
d h is p & js.
jg m wlmg y Fh Wllm Hdly, d h j
b. k Shl p Sds, D klw, s gm
Dsgshd L Ss, d wdl uSD mmy, ldg
ws ds, My byd m h cllg as d Ss d Dvd py
m h Shl bsss. W ls h wh 2008 Wm pMs
m bgldsh, h Dm rl h cg, p d Sh a.
th s my l hs d gh wh dsv g;
hyv m m d h wld s hs s ls h gg
wg , cg Hm Sy is Wld.2
ths s ls vy sl y. ths s h y h 60h vsy h
uvsl Dl Hm rghs, d hs l l s
y lg h m h. o s s s h g
hm ghs d s dvs m, llly y m.
Hm sy s mh m h gh s s qm
hm dvlm. th is p & js s l wh h
wsdm d ss h hs m d wh whs mg s
s wd, d w hv h gh s gh g sy,
dvlm d hm ghs dssss s.
2 th Dsgshd L wh Ls a ws h g ddss h 2008 Wm
pMs c. F m m h d vw h l ,
ls s h://www.sdg.d/sds//gms/wm__ms/s/
cgHmSyisWld.h.
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Ls as s mmm d hs . Hs
s mdl smlsly hmlg d sg ll s wg
ldg, d h lds vy h sds, ly,
s d ll h l whv d s. thg lw, ldg h cd
cvl Ls ass, sh h d h Hgh c js, h
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h c als o 1990. My hs d wh
wg gd s h hllg sh 1995, wh
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s wm o, xsg h ss h.
a y l, sh m h h s w ms h il
cml tl rwd d h il cml tl h
m Ygslv. Sh ws mmdd y s h gh s, h
h h s h s, js rhd Glds, mm ipj
il cl, whm my y w m hs sdy h.3
th Hl Ls a g shwd h ml wh 1999 sh
dd [S] psd Sld Mlv sg, vsl mv
h vd xly gh, h s sm mg l
l d ls shg ss. a y l sh d
cd, wly d h Sm c. Fllwg h g dh
Sg V d Mll 2003, sh ws d s h u.n. Hgh cmmss
Hm rghs 2004. Sh s shd h -y m.
o g sh hs shw h wld y d hl g d
mmm hm ghs ll. ths hs lwys md h l.
Ss d dvdls hv hd h s v dss d sms
xsg hs wh wd d wh lss sg, lss ld
sss. thy sd d gmld d hd. cly wh sh
sd h hs ss mmd d l ld s sl ml ssly h s h isl-L l,
3 js rhd Glds ws m ld--sd h s Fll 2005.
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h w sm wd, wd ys. th sm ws wh sh zd
dms lg wh gms ys. ad whl hd lss,
sv ms, sm s w w d lv w xsd.
i h h gdlss y g, w w h h ss h
dy s s wh lds wh hv h y d mssv dmg
l gd my s h ly w ms
wh sg hm sy d hm ghs ll. Ls a s
dmd dv h d l hm ghs sdds
d sh ss my vms d h wld. o dsgshd l
s wh s, hldg hm ghs d hvg
ly. pls wlm h Hl Ls a.
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Integrating Security,Development and
Human Rights
The Honorable Louise Arbour
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th y vy mh dd, lds d glm. i m ly dlghd
h d im vy hd vd dlv hs vy sgs
l. i shld my h s w vs. as hs s
dd, i shd my md s ud ns Hgh cmmss
Hm rghs h d j hs y, d i ws dlghd h h s m my ssl l, i ws gg lly my dm
xss, h s dg d s hm ghs dv. i hv gh
ll my l h ds ssl s dm xss, iv
lwys wg vms whh y h my w,
my w dm xss ws smwh ld. S s h s
jly, i ws hd hv gd my dm xss.
ths l gh s h vy w l ggms iv d
s lvg my s. i hv ss y h ds ll hs xhl,
i lly h yhg gs sy. i hgh i wld syg
msly gs hgs, wh i l my d ms hy
d sm lly gs.
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i shld ls ll y ll sy h ws ld m vy ly my
dm d hs ld m sg ggms ly wh
hy llwd y qs-d-sw ds, s h h h
im . ths d wll xl y why iv d
ms my ssl l h s.
o my llgs wh i sd hg lw ws sd hm
ghs sss. ths s wy h dys sy -ml mm. H
ws d y lh m vy wy y d ws vd
m d s . th ws gg l
lly ssl l, h Mldvs sm x l, d h ws
vy g. th h ws vy gd, d h sd, Ys,
ys, ill m. S, wh y xg m?
ad hy sd, Wd l y s 20 30 ms sdg.
S h hgh, wll, hm ghs s d d h Mldvs s
y im vy vs. i d h. S h sd, Ys, ll gh.
H ws d d d hmsl xsvly. Wh h vd
h , h ws ld ws l d h lss w dd.
th wh m hs , h s sd, nw, pss S-d-S
wll ddss y ss dm.
i hv d w ms h gl hm sy. i h
h im h gh g, yll s hv wh m d h
h qs-d-sw d i my g .
L m ls sy h v hgh iv h sslly s h s
dy, i ldy l vy mh hm. iv xmly wll-vd
d iv hd s s m sm h wmggd h Wm pMs pgm, sm mms h ly,
d i l vy mh hm. i h hs s gg lsh h
w wll l s h .
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i ls l vy mh hm s y hv vd h s my
my ld ds d llgs , i ws ssd wh i ld h
ls s s my ms ld ds d llgs, ldg s
My rs, j egld, Gh evs, Llyd axwhy, Sh ed
d, s D md, im lly lsd llw g h
ss rhd Glds. S l m w my d ms
sdg hm sy.
i lgh my vy d s u.n. Hgh cmmss Hm
rghs, i sz s l hs y ds mysl m h
dy--dy s h d l vy d ms h
v s hm sy, lly wh h u.n. sysm. S l
m y ly hg h s s i d h h s l
s h s l wh w l hm ghs d sy.
its important to assert at the outset that security is a
fundamental human right and that the obligation of states to offer
basic security to people under their jurisdiction and control arises
from their obligation to promote and protect the right to life and
security of the person.
Fdml ghs d dms vy dsd s sd
y h s sy ss. F s, h lw m
wld y h h hm ghs ms ss h s
sy vs. i h ms gs m h vw s
gd, s, h h h gs h s whh s
y w s dml hm gh h s shd h cv
gs t d s m smy l lw sds h
wy h v s sy ss.
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cy h s, i h s m ss h s h
sy s dml hm gh d h h lg ss
s sy l d h sd d l ss m h
lg m d h gh l d sy h s.
S ls wh w lg hm sy, s sy,
vs s vy mh hm ghs.
The human rights pillar is made of glass: fragile, invisible mostof the time, decorative at best, supporting nothing and therefore
requiring only the occasional buffing to make sure that if seen it
would look good.
L m w h wy h ud ns s qd s sslgs h hm sy. i 2005, h Sy-Gl k
a lshd hs ld i Lg Fdm, whh svd s
h l h m dm h 2005 Wld Smm. th
xss lg dm ms s m h u.n. ch d
ms vs hm lllm dd h dml ds
dgy d qly ll mms h hm mly.
th sy-gls ls ssd, my g dlgh s h
m hgh mmss hm ghs, h h u.n. h sd
h lls sy, dvlm d hm ghs d h h
h lls w ld. i , hs wds hv qd vy
. H sd, th sy wh dvlm. th
dvlm wh sy. ad h h sy
dvlm wh hm ghs.
as m w y i m smwh sl hs hl mh
h h lls. i , s sly sd, dd h ud
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ns ss h lls, my vw hy ql sl
sgh. th sy ll s md : s gh, s sg,
sl mly-y s. th dvlm ll s md
sl: dl, ssl s dvlm lg. th hm ghs
ll s, my vw, s md glss: gl, vsl ms
h m, dv s, sg hg d h qg
ly h sl g m s h s wld l gd.
ev hgh h ud ns hs lg hsy ggm sy
d dvlm sss, lshs qly mg mm ss
h s hs w lds: sy d dvlm.
ths lshs ms lyz h Sy cl ld
ss d ldw y vy ly dd u.n.
gs wh w dly sg dvlm sss. b wh
m h h ld hm ghs ds h mvl mm
ss xss sl. ad hs s s my vw vy ss.
despite the assertion in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights that all human rights are universal, interdependent and
indivisible, in reality not all rights are championed with equal
vigor, even by those states like the United States who purport to
embrace a very strong human rights culture.
Fs d ms, h mhsv hm ghs gd h s ld
h uvsl Dl Hm rghs, h u.n. ch, ldg
hm ghs s d l smy lw s lgl d ll
mw h mss l ss wh gvm d
l, l s w l. S ssgly, h m
h mw y l s, l hgh mmss, s
qly vwd s gm s svgy d
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h l s s. ths s lly s s h
vy vly s h s h s wh h s s
gvm, whh sly sd wh h s
l ll y h ms xm ss wh h sl
ss hd hd s.
Sdly, ds h ss h uvsl Dl Hm rghs
h ll hm ghs vsl, dd d dvsl, ly
ll ghs hmd wh ql vg, v y hs ss l h ud
Ss wh m vy sg hm ghs l. em,
sl d ll ghs h gh hlh, d, d, shl
d s ghs s m ss lzd s yd
hlhy m d d dmy, s vl d ll ghs
whh md y Ws s m h s dd
s mls d sl-svg y , dvlg s.
the glass pillar of the U.N. architecture is very much in the
process of trying to reassert itself as a truly indispensible feature
of the legitimate quest for human security.
Flly, h my m hl ss lwg m h v. th
d vl l lw m s -s lw lw
h w hs ss dly, l hm ghs lw l
ml lw, hs lly md. th gwh l d gl
ss wh sg m ls d h gllz
l ghs, mvd y v-m shsd nGo mmy
g h l lvl ll hs sll vd s
s svgy. i sh, h glss ll h u.n. h s vy
mh h ss yg ss sl s ly dssl
h lgm qs hm sy. ad hs mh ,
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ly s hms d wldg h ssy lgs
w sy d dvlm d m hm ghs vs h
s ly vsl, mssg ll ghs qlly ll l.
is sg hs x xl h ms d sm h
shmgs h mgg d ssly , whh i
h s h hs dsssd hs s h s d s sll
vy mh h l l dssss h ss
hm sy.4 as y w, h d ws h mh
h nato ss ksv, lly s d h il
cmmss iv d S Svgy, whh dd h
s 2001 . Smwh ssgly, h d ws dsd
vy s lgg whh i wll y h Gl assmly
h m dm h Wld Smm 2005.
4 pls s Llyd axwhys l th rssly p: ps Gll pl
Dm d Gh evs pvg Mss as: Mg nv ag rly. h://www.
sdg.d/sds//gms/dsgshd_l_ss/
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as dsd h dm, h d vws sy vy dl
mw, whh i sggs ls , g, vl d ll ghs. clm
hg, h d ss, l dsss, gll dms sh s hs d
y HiV/aiDS d d y h v l ll hs sg sy
sss h mhsz my h m d h lv
m, sl d ll ghs d hs sg lly lly
md y hs mgg d ssly .
i shll, h d, s ld h m dm 2005,
xsss h my ssly ss h l m
gd, w ms, ms gs hmy d h lsg. i h
vds, s, h ss l wllg dshg h
ssly, h ssly h sss h l mmy
whh ms v hgh sl ss vlvg v, d
ldg hss d h hy h ud ns d, l,
h Sy cl, d wh hs m v .
i wll hs sqg mm, s l m l ly
h s h ssly s sd h dm. i lgh s
hsl lg h d hm v, whh sd
wlmd gh v mlly l hm
sh, h ssly ws lly ld sss
h gh h sv v, h ssly ll ss
mly s h s d h l d
sd h d slmd hy ld.
i m d h mh mhss s g ld dvdl s
ssly, s ms h lss l s h d s
ms vsl s h h llv ssly ll mm
ss h ud ns mly, , s
s sgglg s, v dlg . rdd h ssly ss h w l, h d my
vw ds d mh x s h s svgy
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m v shld s dl ssls d
lgs. b md y y m mlsy m, l
l ss dl, hs -lz ds yld mh h
mvg h lgh hs ssdly ld s .
the most significant advance in terms of real prospect for real
protection is in the transformation of the right to intervene into
the responsibility to do so.
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ssly h l mmy, g hgh h ud
ns, xd dly h w v s hs wh
dd, ws gd, y h w gvm. ad y g,h h m dm h Wld Smm , ly, h hgh
xs h d y h gl l mmss h ld
vy xl h h ssly.
i ms sy h my vw h ms sg dv ms l
s l s h sm h gh v
h ssly d s. i h h lgg s vy sg. iv
md hs lgh l i gv ls y ty cllg
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h l s h s h hm ss mls
h h vg s hs h v . ths wh hvg
gh ms. th xs gh s dsy: o my hs
v . ad wh h v hss , wll
vd d wh s sl-s. ad wh hss xs
s gh v, wll mly xs ghl . ad
hs s wld ly h l mmy s whl: i ld
hs xd v hd l d. ths d h
d hm v, h gh v.
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I believe that the responsibility to protect opens a truly new era in
the pursuit of human security.
ud h ssly d, hs s lg s. ths
lg gh, ds v, ssly, lg d s, dd mss. nw hs s mml l
sh, s sll lg ly h x h ssly.
is mly ml ll ssly? i s, wld sll y
sdl lm ds h ss h h sqs
lg m m ml lg my vy sv. b wh
w lg lgl lg? ad i lv h h ssly
s ly w h s hm sy.
th g i h ly h s ssy. th lgl lg
v gd s xssly ld h Gd cv,
whh wll 60 ys ld dy h vsy h uvsl
Dl Hm rghs h s, Dm 9 hs y. is m
l smy lw, sll vy w s hv md
s ws d 60 ys g ds s sh.
ths gs m sd s h d ssly
s ld h 2005 Wld Smm h i h w d xm. a
d mgd lvly ly s whh h ssly
ws hd ms h w w. as i md y, s
sd m gd, w ms, ms gs hmy
d h lsg. My g h hs ws h h h
d ws hv y l l. thy lm h h x h
ss l h l mmy v dly h
l s h s, h d hd sd sv
s h ms ggs hs l, hy sg s vly d s
lv s mw l .
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ohs qsd whh hs w s ws g m l
h Ws-syl h vl d ll ghs
v m d sl ghs. i my hm ghs ls, qss w
sd h ssly ss h l, h ls
m dss, m, h s l dsss d xm vy d
dv, lly hs ds w d dsm. o
wh ss ws s ssly, l l, sd
wh md l ms, h h l h d
g hm ghs lgs h vlly d y ss y
y msd hm y l smy lw?
Security can therefore no longer be viewed as either threatened
or ensured principally through the use of force. In that sense, the
Security Council should no longer be viewed as the sole forum
through which the international community can extend itsprotective umbrella to persons in need.
th d ws ly hl, s i h ws vdd y h wlds
h d h gvm Mym h mh
cyl ngs. Fh Fg Ms bd kh, wh hd
vy sg h vs d hm v
Fh, le droit dingrence, h gh vd vy ly
h ssly d h m h yl bm
sggs h h l mmy hd h h vms h
yl dly, h h h bms gvm. i
lss s mg h hy h s, sm wh hd gd
gvg lmd s h mgg d w w gg h h
- h gvm Mym ld sd m
m ml glg, hy mg m gs hmy h
wld h sqly wh h mgg d s ly ld.
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i d h s ssy, ly, slv h hs dl d. i
yhg llss g h -lgs dvlm, hm ghs
d sy, w dm m d dm m w. My
h ls h hv ld, l a, h s dd
d mld hm ghs ds d g h wds vy
hm ghs vls. i gs m y s d vs
h l vlly wm d mglzd gs vywh.
Sy h lg vwd s h hd sd
lly hgh h s . i h ss, h m h
Sy cl, h primus inter pares l ss, shld
lg vwd s h sl m hgh whh h l
mmy xd s v mll ss d.
if we were to apply an intelligent institutional design to
match the different phases of the doctrine prevention, reaction,rebuilding existing institutional candidates emerge and present
shortcomings are readily exposed.
th 2005 m dm vsgs l l h ud ns
h l h ssly d. i , w w
ly llg sl dsg mh h d hss h
d v, , ldg xsg sl dds
mg d s shmgs dly xsd.
Fs, h Hm rghs cl shld h m m ly
wg d v. ths w gvml dy ws mdd y
h Gl assmly 2005, h sm Wld Smm, m vsl
s h ll hm ghs d dml dms ll.
th l my vw shld h m d sd h
d h hm ghs ss hgh s gl d sl ssss,
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s wll s hgh s w d uvsl pd rvw, d
whh h hm ghs d d m ll s, sg wh
h ls w mms, wll sdd gl vls.
nw, hs l y h Hm rghs cl hs y sl
sl lly h ly. as y w h Hm rghs cl
ws d vly 2006, h dms s dss, h mh-
mlgd cmmss Hm rghs. th Hm rghs cl s sll
ll dy d hvs vy mh s sh. i sss 47 mm ss
h ud ns, ld y h Gl assmly, d h 47 ss
lld d h mml l ql ggh ds, s
sl whh 26 h 47 ss svd a d as.
I would dare suggest that the membership of the United States in the
Human Rights Council would go a long way to enhance the relevanceof the council and could assist in moving it in the right direction.
alhgh ws mld h m s h ss wld
m s h Hm rghs cl d h hy wld hv
m ldgs d mmms s h mg l,
d lhgh ws hd h mms h l wld v h
dvdl y wh h s s s ly h ls
ly mv wh h gl g, d h mms h
Hm rghs cl d v lg g ss. Whh gl
gll, hs ss ly d wh h mm hm ghs
h h ss hd.
i h h m g s s sy h w hv s h ld
sv m v d ly-wg l h ss ss
hs hm sy, h s hs mdd d s hs y
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lv s ll l. ad i wld d sggs h h mmsh h
ud Ss h Hm rghs cl wld g lg wy h h
lv h l d ld sss mvg h gh d.
L m h sd u.n. s mly d h
ssly d. th m h ssly
m s vy sqly wh h g dlm, dsssv
d v mss h h Sy cl s mwd dly,
ssmg h h s hs hd h sg h
l d sy.
o g h ss mdms h Sy cl dshgg
vly h , whh s s h xs h v
w h v m mms h Sy cl. Y my
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mm h m h sy-gls m v, whh
ld hs 2005 Wld Smm dm, ws h m h Sy
cl. th h sy-gls ws sssl,
gd sl ds wys h h lgmy d vss
h Sy cl h hm sy.
Sm hs ds hv -ld vy wll l
Foreign Affairs, h Sm/o ss, y M amwz d
thms pg. Wh gg h hy ss h mmsh
ms h Sy cl d h ss whh
s m mmsh shld shld md
y v gh, hgs ld md wh hvg md h u.n.
ch, smly y dvlg sss mg h m
v mms h s h v w. ad h
sm wy, h hs g h v lvly mds
y h m v mms h Sy cl g
s, whh hy ly d d, wld g lg wy h
h dly d vss g s, lly
ss mgy.
all hs dssss, whh i h shld gd s ll sls,
m wh h h ml sl m. H g,
hwv, hg l ss wh llv ssly
sd hm ss s h mmd hz.
nw, hd, hs dl s ss h ud ns qd
hdl h ssly d ss h ldg hs
h ssly d. Yll ll hs v,
d ldg hs. th pldg cmmss, h w
s h h u.n. m ss 2005 d, hs h md
l s-l vy, d shld dlly sd dyh sl s d m dvlm ss h
ssly m h lg m.
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let me stress that the sequencing of action from prevention to
reaction to rebuilding is much more an intellectual construct than a
likely scenario in reality. The reality of conflict management doesnt
always lend itself to a convenient, chronological unfolding of responses.
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mmy ddss h shm m s. as h
l mmss hd d, m w lm h l
mmys my s l ml s, whh hs
d vd wh dms sysms l lls, hgh
whh s h dd /d hld .
Hvg sd ll h, l m sss h h sqg m
v ldg s mh m lll s
h lly s ly. th ly l mgm ds
lwys ld sl v, hlgl ldg sss. F
s, dvs ssly sss ly h h
d s ly, v msly, mly v. Mh
hy sy s v. Wll, hs s vy sd ss. Mly
v s l xd sd vy mh s ls s,
my vw, ld l v h v hs
h d. F s, h mdg gd ms
gs hmy sm mgd, vyhg ls lg g lly
sd, v ld q mly .
ad h s-lld hs h s, wh h ms h d
ss v lly g mmd h ssy sh
shd h s hs. th ll ly d
h h sl ml ssly svg sm s d
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ll hs lls h ls ssl vsg d s
w mls. ths s ggs h slvd d h
llgd lg ss d s vs, d my wll
g h shm shld dd lwys h s hs
h d d shld wh h v s.
Whether it will make a much needed contribution to increasing
human security, and therefore to peace and equitable progress,depends much more on U.N. member states political will than
on any further theoretical refinements of the doctrine.
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sqg ss l, s dlyd s sll s dd. ag, s ssy slv hs d h, s m
dsd h dh hs mgg d d h hgh s
w w s lz .
th ssly m s d l w vs hm
sy h h Wld Smm lds gd 2005. Whh wll m
mh dd sg hm sy, d h
d ql gss, dds mh m u.n. mm ss ll
wll h y h hl ms h d. b dds
ls ldg wh h ud ns sl s l
vly mlmg h ds ss. ad h, h ll
h ud Ss wll l ly wh h Sy
cl, wh s wh hs vlgd s, ls wh
h Hm rghs cl, wh y h s ly s. ad
h u.S. m h h , shld d ms m
m s d m s wld, wll hv -m h dml
s h uvsl Dl Hm rghs.
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why is the World Food Programme buying food from the
Sudanese government to distribute it to the people of the Sudan?
Doesnt the government of the Sudan have a direct responsibility
to feed its own people, the international community intervening
only if and when it is unable or unwilling to do so?
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s vsly d dvsly ghs my mg ls
wld whh sy sss lg ssd lly wh
h cld W h h l w. th m sh
l dsss, sh s H k cyl ngs, d h
glg, d ws gvms, hs hghlghd h dmm vy, dsm d sl xls wh s d
w s. th d sy d y dv s
h h h llld ms gllz. ev shsd
dm ss, ll ly l s lly dq
dss. th lw, d hm ghs lw l, s h l
gd vw hm sy, gd y dvdl ghs d
llv ssly, d s s wll s dvdl ly.
th shmgs h ds ssly w
l ss d h l mmy my vw
llsd h ws d y jy Glm h ags 10 d
h New York Times l ld, D Whs s Sd Slls
Fd bz. th ls xss h mg Sds d-x
dsy, whl h y s h lls ds
d m l ds d whl h Wld Fd pgmm, whh
gs ds sh, m ll s qms h Sd
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y yg d h y s h gvm ms m my
xg h sllg dms sm.
ths, mgh sy, gs h qs, why s h Wld Fd pgmmyg d m h Sds gvm ds h l
h Sd? Ds h gvm h Sd hv d ssly
d s w l, h l mmy vg ly d
wh s l wllg d s? ad why gvms l h
h Sd wllg l h l mmy dshg s lg
y dg h l D, s wllg l h
l mmy dshg s d ssly hl D m , llgs d dslm?
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th sw mgh l h s dhmy w vl
d ll ghs d m d sl ghs ld h Wld
Smms l h d ssly . i ss ls
h g-ld dly qg lw ms mss d ms
mmss. W my h d l wh ly h ss
whh vls m, sl d ll ghs my s
ms gs hmy. js s vy ss sdl s
s h s ly sd s m gs hmy d v
mss s gd, gss vls h
gh d, hlh, shl whh y d y ml
glg shld m d h l wh h mgg
d ssly .
i wld h h vy wld md h y l d
dms ss lly xl h s h lw dg ms
gs hmy, s s gv h lls ssl h gh l,
whh s h s h m l hm ghs vs:
h cv cvl d pll rghs d h cv em, Sl
d cll rghs. nw, i sggs h hs wll q hls h
sy, s d ms mhszg hm sy v ls
d v lm l sy, d g mmm h
mvs qly d vsl lm h h lw.
i dm sy, wh w s ld gvms s h hy
dsg d ds ll ms lws h wll s h l w
ds s d ds . as l d s mms,
w sslly s slvs, hw mh my dm m i d
s my sy? i vs h qs, ld y
ld ll ss, sm l wh d h hmslvs
s vll ss w h h wg qs. thy h:
Hw mh h dm hs m i d s h myw sy? th sw h s l s, h sl s vs.
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The rights of every individual are enhanced, not reduced, by the
enhancement of the rights of others, and conversely, every one of
our fundamental rights and freedoms is diminished by the
curtailment of the rights of others.
ths s wh l lws ms slm d s dm
dls, d hs s dd h gs my vw hm ghs lw. th
ghs vy dvdl hd, dd, y h hm
h ghs hs, d vsly, vy dml ghs d
dms s dmshd y h lm h ghs hs. ulmly
h dm d sy s sd y h hm
h dm d sy vy ls. i h ss, h mvs dvsly d vsly ghs hv l, l mls, h
ms m g h ghs ms l d h hy ms
md d d y lw.
as iv dd l, whh hslly llgd hm vs
w lly sh whh hy w m dsgs h s
d ms sl-s, hy m d l h m
hm ghs. ev dm d lg-sl hs h gh l,
hm vs s w w hm h l h
d ssly dq mhss l s
l gh. i h w h h il c
js h s bs d Hzgv v. S d Mg, i
h w wssg h m lshg h lgl lg
v gd, whl w ld h ll mmm xd h
ssly ld l ms.
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Lds d glm, ls d i y qss g
, i sggs h h lgl lds s mgg whh d
sy wll hd y h sd l lgl d
h wll ssd h ll, h wll h s ll
h mls hm sy. Fm h l h d
h dvy ssy d-sd ll dsm d h
sg sl d l s, h s sdl
ds g, ly, h ggs ss hv ldy . thy
w ls 60 ys g y h ms h ud ns d y
h ms h uvsl Dl Hm rghs. o s s mly
gv ly. th y vy mh.
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QuEsTIOns AnD AnsWErs
The audience submitted questions which were read by Dee Aker.
DA: Thank you so much. Given your travels, given your experience
during those four years as human rights commissioner, are you
optimistic or discouraged at this point? Do you find any place where you
see responsibility being assumed in a way that would model a sense of
possibility for us to proceed?
La: F wh s wh, d s y gm ydy, i m
lly ms, my s s my d s sd y
ml d s why i shld s dssd. Fs, l m
d sy h i h h wm hv l hs ds sss.
i h h w sly dsgd y h h s hms w
hv sd l m s lg mmd vm d h
hs s sg d. is s w d g vy mg
ld h hdl h w s gss. a lg g
hm sss lg s d mg ml slvs,
mls, ls, d mmy. ad h s gd
hg; h s lg s wh s xd s.
S i h y m ssms wh y s ls, vy hgh
hm mlshm. t d l, whh sslly w hv
h m gg ls hs dmshd ddss ssly h gss
qs h s llv s, h gss qs
h ds h wlh h l, wh s d w
s, s smhg w mlsh vy mh dy--dy ss. i
w m ll gss y hs sss, i h w hv s
lv h w mvg h gh d.
DA: Let us hope. In the fact that there are democracies as well as these
regimes of tyrants that are now holding up their responsibilities, which is
more distressing to you: to see a democracy not upholding these standards
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or to see that there are these regimes that are so off track? Which is the
greater challenge to us?
La: Wll, g, dds wh s w msg. i s ss
sl dsm d lms yl, s h w hgly
dsd wh w s s, lly s ms
hv. Fly, i h wh hs hd ys h ud
Ss wh h gvm ws xssg mvl vs vs h s
, wh md , ws sg ms dsss h
hm ghs mmy. thy l h w v m h ,
h gs h hv md v h s 60 ys gg ms,
hw w ssly, ssly, lv h w wll s y
hs ms? ad hw h ud Ss y
h sg ldsh d dvy l h hs d sh lg
m s s sly dsdd y hs wh s lg x
llw h h?
b h d h dy i d vy dl m mss: a
hm ghs vls m sv y h h? th sw
s ly ys, i d h lly hls. F s, iv v
g hm h d d g hm ghs
m. i w s slvs, hm ghs m sd dy
M Swd, i d h s gg d y gd h h
l Swd M sw h qs. i my vw, h ly
lv qs s s vy s, vy lly, y dy s
gss, sg gss vs vs y w y d y
w hsy d hm ghs d? ths lv qs, d hs
qs wh i h h d s, s q ssg wh wld
y h s l.
DA: This question is regarding human security. In order to achievesome of the goals that you presented tonight, do we need a more legal
approach for example, a strengthening of international criminal
law or a more political approach for example, conscience-building,
consensus-building among political actors?
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La: i l lwys h ls. i mly lv h h s vsl
--vw. W ll hv --vw. i m m h lw. i lv
h lw. i lv h w hv v g xl lly wh h lw
hs l w. nw, hvg sd h, w ly h
d y h mg m dml ll lss. i d w
dsg y ls ywh, i h h lw s s gs h
lg m h h ll v h mm. th lw lds
h ldg ss hg hs wh l, hg lss
wh ss, s h syg gs. i i ly hd s mh gy, i h i
wld sy wh h m lgl sms.
DA: In line with your newfound freedom of expression, do you believe
that Myanmar, or Burma in terms of its horrifying tragedy was a
missed opportunity to assert the requirements of intervention, when
aid and aid workers were continually turned away with the charge
that aid was for another reason? How did you perceive that? What was
supposed to happen with that obligation as a basis of human rights?
La: i h s h lyg ld ly xss, h h lgl lds d
h mg ll sss, i d h h y d d
g v ws ls , dsg s s sy .
Fly, i h h l lm h s ls w sll ll
s, ldg yg sd ch xs m v l
s mgg d vy m l w s w
yd. ad h s Mym, l vs
ch my hv lyd m sv l h g d , ssly
s ws lly sg y l d. b i h h s
Mym, gl ss (h aSean s5w vy vlvd)
d yg mlz h l h sv l ch ws s
mh s w ld x h m.
DA: Do you have any comments, again with this newfound freedom,
to make about the legitimacy regarding the humanitarian issue of
5 ass Shs as ns.
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Guantnamo Bay, a prison containment center being on foreign soil,
outside the U.S., and not under the same laws apparently as the U.S. in
terms of human rights?
La: th vy s h i hd h xs Gm
by lg x hs ddssd, d h ws h s
d h m h l h u.S. gvm vd h
dl vsgh h s s dm mhy. ths m
dmy h ll ls, d i h h w w h h sgh
g dmy l am s h lgs w h hs
gvm, w h lgslv, h xv d h dl h.
a g dsss m h m, g mg vy mh m lgl
--vw, ws hs l m shl mlly h s
h xv m h mv dl vsgh.
Arbour discusses her lecture with IPJ WorldLink Interns Jay Bartell and Sierra Parker
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ths hs ddssd lg hgh lg. th s hv
sd -y h l h gvm ws yg dy hm h
mgm h ms dl lgl, sy-ld sss
m. i h ss, i l l h h s h
vy ssly. i ds m iv gd wh vy ds dd y
h , hs h . th s hv dl sy.
nw, h d h dy, i h h Gm, h m xs
h s, hs w m mh am xlsm,
dl sdds, h l ml sdg h h ud Ss s vd
hv wh s s dvy hm ghs sss. S i
h h xs ly whh h s, my , y,
lgd d wh mh h h y hs ss wll d
ywh, v md hs y, hs sd mds dmg h
ud Ss lly d dmslly.
DA: Staying on that political line, what message would you give to a new U.S.
president regarding human rights and the damage that U.S. foreign policy
has done in terms of representation in the international community?
La: ths s vy sms m s gvg dv mg
sd. th my hgs. i i w sd d ll s
wh h u.S. ld d, s i md my ms, i h h ud
Ss hs h l mmy h l s.
S i wld h h w wll s h ud Ss m l
h Hm rghs cl. is vl hv h mhl
my h. i vy mh h h w wll s h ud Ss d h,
ly, s q mds x; i d h s vy g dl. im
mh m ms h h.
id l h ud Ss -sg h rm S g h ilcml c. i lly lv h am l ls d h d
h ys shld dw, shld md , shld
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dsmwd. i lly lv h hs sddly d vw, s
ssl h ud Ss m h d whl h sm m mg
sl swl gs, h d h dy l s.
DA: How can private security actors be held accountable under
whose legal framework?
La: i hv ss h hs wll lgd d wll d lgl sws
h. b wld sm m h hs dml l h
h s d s ssly y dlgg -s s
wh s sslly s w ssly. Y vz w d
sy h h Gv cvs d ly s h s ll
-s s. i h h h s wll hs vl dlg
ssly w h l s d h v s h gl
h lws w, d h h ssly wll vsd
wh lgs, whh s h s.
DA: Seeing as this is part of a working conference on the role of
women peacemakers, violence against women and security issues,
what is your perspective on the gender dimension? Can you speak a
bit more on the role women are playing?
La: Wll, my ill s ll lg hs , s.
Wh i m mm h dy cd wll, s ll ws
h vs y s hs lg m g ws sll m
wh h w ss qss h ms d h sdl
s wm h s. as w sd vdg h dl sysm,
h w ls sg dssss h qs, wh d
shld m? i dg s h ly h lw y w h mg
h ldld wh d shld m y wm m,
mm h my g? Y ssd dd s hss y sl , s why y s xsd y h d
h w shld hv m wm h h?
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th w ls ds d dssss d sm sds whh
wm dgs s d v. ad h d ws smwh dvsv
x, v mgs mss d ll hs wh w mg
m wm dl ds mg. S h w my
wh ly, sd h w cl Gllg wh w h In a
Different Voice, gd h wm hv d ml l, hv
d ss ml mmy. ohs w vy sl d sd, v
wm hgh h gg hd d ml l, h ys
lw shl wll wy y ml l s h g qlz: Y
m hs, y d hv y ml vws. n, im xggg.
b h sm d, s ssly ld my, s smmg
h qs whh wm lly hv smhg sl
h ldg mms, s-l mgm. ad ly,
wh dslsg wh s i h dl ss, i lly lv
h wm wldwd hv q, vy l lsh vl
ll s ms. W llvly h h lg
vl ll s ms, ldg h ms vds, hm-sd,
mly-ld vl. S i h wm hv l dsdg
vl ll s ms.
i lv wm hv ls l h sl dss.
ag, h ls ds s whh wm sg
sss. b h d h dy s m gh. W hv gh
w gvms d w hv ld ss
dmslly d lly h h m h mms
whh w w. ths wh dvsy s , ldg i h h
dl wm h w gv, ldg h
s y d h sh .
DA: When we think about the fact the U.S. is 69th in the percentage of womenserving in government, and we look at a place like Rwanda, which went
through this incredible crisis, which now has a majority of women running
the government, what happens in that process? Do we have to go through
some kind of violent experience to step to the plate to take action?
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La: i ly h . b ly, h ld-shd, ll, Ws
dms d l lly gd. i d hv h sss
h qs gv, h ls yg
dms d my s hy m s hmslvs
hs y h hv dly msg qs h
wm h lgslv h. W hv l wh h. i
aghs, s, hy hv ss sd wm, s vy
dgs hv wm slly g s h xs h ss.
S s lly gd sysm. b gv s vy
mh h h w wld, mgg dms. o
h d my hs, w, h m dlly slshd Ws
s, d hv w lsss l.
DA: What is the United Nations doing to push the U.S. to ratify the
womens human rights treaty signed by most other countries: CEDAW,
the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women? Is there any pressure?
La: is s h cv h elm all Fms Dsm
ags Wm. th ud Ss s g s, lly
hm ghs s. ths h ly. i hs xmly lw . th
sl sw s, wll, w d d y s w ldy ml.
i h h s h u.S. my s h wll y.
ths s d h i h hs l wh hs y. Wh s
h ud ns gg sy sd h am gvm
m ss y s? Why s h u.S. yg h w
cv h rghs pss wh Dsls? Why? i h hs s
qssl am d. i hs l hs y. is
g h l mmy. is g y ss
xlsm h w d.
i my wys, lly wh ms mly , i h s
m gz h h ud Ss hs vy q xs.
is lld mh m h ydy ls. is vy xsd. b
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ds m h hs whdw mlly m h mhsms h ll
hs hv m, whh l dsm, dsm
gs wm, ss wh dsls, h cv h rghs
h chld. th ud Ss hs sll d h cv h rghs
h chld. Hw h ? alg wh wh w, Sml?
DA: Assuming that Vice President Dick Cheney or former Secretary of
Defense Donald Rumsfeld traveled abroad and are detained for crimes
against humanity, would you take on the difficult task of defending
them, if offered?
La: i hgh h qs ws gg , wld y s? b i hv
sy, ddg hs . Fs ll, s s h ly
iv v hd h lm l ml s d md
sg ds y . b i d h s lly h my
svs wld d h y.
DA: Can you say something about the rights of immigrants, the global
phenomenon of people being pressed across borders, the internally
and externally displaced?
La: i h h h qs mmg s ly h ms
hllgg h wld d, ly, w d s wh
vy w ggh lss. th wd mmg hs ,
lly hs y, vs l lw ss l
ss. b ids, s, h s xds dms
ws h Gl s. S h qs h mvm l,
lly m ss, s wldwd hm h my
vw s g ddssd sly hm ghs ms. is g
ddssd, ly u.n. m, lwys s m d ll
ss msly s m ss, wh h mssg s ssd h s w-w s: is gd h y g, ms,
s gd h s wh hv shgs w. b i h w
hv lly ssly ddssd s hm ghs ss.
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F s, d hs s s h ud Ss, hs sgl Ws
y h hs d h cv h rghs Mg Ws d
Mms th Fmls. nw, hw h Ws wld l dvlg
s h hm ghs lgs wh s d
h ssls h w s h lly h hm, h hd
sll h ls, h smms l sss?
o qss mg, sm, ll sdd y s hm
y Ws s y e, y nh am d i h hs
ld hm ghs ms, ldg h h dmd,
llgl mmgs hv ghs. thy my hv h ll-ldgd ghs h
m wh zsh h sm wy h ldd mmgs mmgs
wh y glly my hv, h sm ll-ldgd ss
lms h m m ly d zsh, hy hv sm
ghs. thy hv h gh l. is y sggsg h w shld ll
hm ll? b hs sl l h s l wh sd
h y ly g s ghs hlds s l.
DA: In Uganda the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) victimizes its subjects
and yet the leaders of the rebellion fear to come to an agreement due
to fear of the International Criminal Court and the potential for their
arrest now. And so, the subjects on whom the Lords Resistance Army
prey are still victimized. How can the Human Rights Council help or
how can something change this case?
La: o h i wld qs h ms h qs, whh s h h
lds h Lra s g s lg m
gm s hy d h il cml c. Wh
hv hy h ls 20 ys? thy w h l, d h w
dms gs hm. i , i h h icc whhld sm m
s dms h h h h ss wld dv. S, ly, hs s, s hs s x mg dl h hy d w
m h s l s hs g ? ad s g
, wll, h l s. th h hy wld l
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ds xs ym, whh s hld l yhg. th
s lg sl. S wh hy syg s h hy wld h
d ms gs hmy ugd, h s . is
hs hm; s h icc. S h s. b h h hy
wld l, whh s v hv h 20-y mds
mg, ly h s ym h Gd.
DA: What can young people do to make human rights a fundamental
pillar of the United Nations and the international community?
La: th ms wh i wd hw hllgg hs ms ll l,
s yg l dy d wh s mh m m
d s my ls hl s, hw mlz hs s
ly s ll m dl. i h w vy gd gh.
th ms wh i l wh iv d d i h, i l vy
dly s iv v ssly ggd sss ld h
vm. Wll, hs , i ws lly sy. Y l ysl
l dq s y sv h l ll s ss.
i h y hv y ghs d lly mm. th y hv
shw sldy wh h hs wh g h h gd ghs. Y
hv gd z; hs lg m ysl. b s
wh d w l y shld hv, i sy. i v g
hw yg l g wh hs s hm.
ag, s gl s id sy: p . D l dly y d
hm ll. M s h hs d hm ll, lly y ld lds.
blv sldy. Y hv lg g h s mvg wh y
wd hs wld.
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rELATED rEsOurCEs
2005 World Summit. www..g/smm2005
Abramowitz, Morton and Thomas Pickering.Mg iv W.
Foreign Affairs. Sm/o 2008.
Convention on Civil and Political Rights. www.hw.g/lgl/.hml
Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
www.hw.g/lgl/s.hml
Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
www.mgsghs.g/i_cv_p_rghs_MgWs_Fm_1999_e.hm
Gettleman, Jeffrey. Sd: Lvg hds d xg d. New
York Times. 10 ags 2008.
Human Rights Council. www2.hh.g/glsh/ds/hl
In Larger Freedom. r h Sy-Gl h ud ns.
Sm 2005. www..g/lgdm/
International Crisis Group. www.ssg.g
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ABOuT THE unIVErsITY OF sAn DIEgO
chd 1949, h uvsy S Dg (uSD) s rm chl
s hgh lg ld 180 s vlg S Dgs
Mss by. th uvsy S Dg s mmd mg dm
xll, xdg ll d ssl wldg, g dvs
mmy d g lds ddd hl d mss sv.
uSD s sds s dd h xm h chl d
s h ss g sh mg my l. Gll
d dvlm d h l hs d vls xmd
hgh ms s d ss sh s h j b. k is
p & js, h Vls is, h ts-bd is, h c
pl is Lw, h is Lw d phlshy d h il
c ch ed. Fhm, hgh sl ms vs
sh s h Sl isss c, h jms bd Sdl Ldsh
d ehs Symsm d h j b. k Dsgshd L Ss,
w v h mmy s h xl hs vls.
i ys, uSD hs hsd my dsgshd gss ldg nl
p ls d m psds jmmy c d os as, Sm
c ss, ud ns d ud Ss gvm ls s wll
s mssds m s d h wld. i 1996, h vsy
hsd psdl D w dds bll cl d b Dl.
th uSD ms, sdd h ms hlly q h
, s w s all p. L h y S Dg, h ms s
s m m S Dg d all, Fs h wh svd s h
m all d Hs, msy Mdd, S. th Ssh
rss h h hzs h v-y ld uvsy
all svs s h s h ldgs h uvsy
S Dg ms. th h ws dd y h ds, bsh
chls Fs bddy d Mh rsl Hll, h h sh
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h hgh y d hmy. r dds, sh s h s--
h- Dld p. Shly c S d thlgy d h w
Shl Ldsh d ed Ss ldg y h d.
a mm h sgs ph b k, uSD s d mg h
s 100 vss. uSD s s 7,500 dgd, gd
d lw sds gs dm gms m h 60 lds sdy
hgh sx dm dvss, ldg h cllg as d Ss d
h shls bsss adms, Ldsh d ed Ss,
Lw, nsg d Hlh S, d p Sds.
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gIVE THE gIFT OF PEACE
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