linda s. crossett, rdh, lead health scientist division of adolescent and school health
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Wellness Policies:Strategies for Schools to Address Obesity, Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Tobacco-Use Prevention
Wellness Policies:Strategies for Schools to Address Obesity, Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Tobacco-Use Prevention
Linda S. Crossett, RDH, Lead Health ScientistDivision of Adolescent and School HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionACTION Institute, April, 2010
Linda S. Crossett, RDH, Lead Health ScientistDivision of Adolescent and School HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionACTION Institute, April, 2010
Why Schools?Why Schools?
School health programs can improve students’• Health knowledge, attitudes, and skills• Health behaviors and health outcomes• Social outcomes• Educational outcomes
School health programs can improve students’• Health knowledge, attitudes, and skills• Health behaviors and health outcomes• Social outcomes• Educational outcomes
Federal Requirements for a Local Wellness Policy (2004)Federal Requirements for a Local Wellness Policy (2004)
Goals for nutrition education, physical activity, and other wellness activities
Nutrition guidelines and guidelines for school meals
Must involve parents, students, community members, and others
In place by the 2006-07 school year
Plan for measuring implementation; designation of a coordinator
Goals for nutrition education, physical activity, and other wellness activities
Nutrition guidelines and guidelines for school meals
Must involve parents, students, community members, and others
In place by the 2006-07 school year
Plan for measuring implementation; designation of a coordinator
Why Wellness Policies?Why Wellness Policies? Demonstrate commitment and leadership publicly Focus attention on the need for change Provide opportunities to engage the community Provide a framework for action Promote consistency of teaching and practice Facilitate institutionalization of positive changes Provide support, direction, & guidance Provide accountability Assist with evaluation
Demonstrate commitment and leadership publicly Focus attention on the need for change Provide opportunities to engage the community Provide a framework for action Promote consistency of teaching and practice Facilitate institutionalization of positive changes Provide support, direction, & guidance Provide accountability Assist with evaluation
COMMONLY INCLUDED CONTENT Nutrition standards for meals and a la carte Nutrition education Access to breakfast and lunch Nutrition standards for vending machines Physical activity opportunities Time for meals Physical education School health councils or wellness teams
COMMONLY INCLUDED CONTENT Nutrition standards for meals and a la carte Nutrition education Access to breakfast and lunch Nutrition standards for vending machines Physical activity opportunities Time for meals Physical education School health councils or wellness teams
Some Early National Analyses of Wellness Policies: AFHK & SNA
Some Early National Analyses of Wellness Policies: AFHK & SNA
LESS COMMONLY INCLUDED CONTENT Nutrition standards for classroom parties and fundraisers Use of food as a reward Teacher training for nutrition education Qualifications of physical education staff Recess for elementary schools Recess before lunch Qualifications of child nutrition program managers Other topics – tobacco-use prevention
LESS COMMONLY INCLUDED CONTENT Nutrition standards for classroom parties and fundraisers Use of food as a reward Teacher training for nutrition education Qualifications of physical education staff Recess for elementary schools Recess before lunch Qualifications of child nutrition program managers Other topics – tobacco-use prevention
Some Early National Analyses of Wellness Policies: AFHK & SNA
Some Early National Analyses of Wellness Policies: AFHK & SNA
Range of Approaches to Policy Implementation and EvaluationRange of Approaches to Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Policies ranged in length from less than 1 to 20 pages, with the average length being 5 pages
Some emphasized mandates; others encouraged Procedures for implementation varied:
• some had no procedures for implementation
• some had a few specific procedures
• some had a great deal of specificity about procedures for implementation
Many did not specify a timeframe or who was responsible for implementation
Many lacked information on how implementation was to be monitored or evaluated and who was responsible for it
Policies ranged in length from less than 1 to 20 pages, with the average length being 5 pages
Some emphasized mandates; others encouraged Procedures for implementation varied:
• some had no procedures for implementation
• some had a few specific procedures
• some had a great deal of specificity about procedures for implementation
Many did not specify a timeframe or who was responsible for implementation
Many lacked information on how implementation was to be monitored or evaluated and who was responsible for it
Elements of Successful Implementation (1) Elements of Successful Implementation (1)
School leader commitment and willingness to “walk the walk”
The right people at table for development AND implementation
Support from school staff and community
Well written and comprehensive policy
Policy understood by all constituencies
School leader commitment and willingness to “walk the walk”
The right people at table for development AND implementation
Support from school staff and community
Well written and comprehensive policy
Policy understood by all constituencies
Elements of Successful Implementation (2) Elements of Successful Implementation (2)
Alternatives offered when changes in practice required
Plan in place for implementation with designated individual given lead responsibility
Plan in place for monitoring and improvement with designated individuals given lead responsibilities
Linking wellness policy implementation into school improvement efforts
Alternatives offered when changes in practice required
Plan in place for implementation with designated individual given lead responsibility
Plan in place for monitoring and improvement with designated individuals given lead responsibilities
Linking wellness policy implementation into school improvement efforts
Major Recommended Policies – School MealsMajor Recommended Policies – School Meals
Meals served through the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs will:
be appealing and attractive to children; be served in clean and pleasant settings; ensure all students have access to the school meals
program; and meet, at a minimum, nutrition requirements established
by local, state, and federal statutes and regulations
Meals served through the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs will:
be appealing and attractive to children; be served in clean and pleasant settings; ensure all students have access to the school meals
program; and meet, at a minimum, nutrition requirements established
by local, state, and federal statutes and regulations
Major Recommended Policies – Healthy EatingMajor Recommended Policies – Healthy Eating
Actions to support safe and healthy eating include: sufficient time to receive and consume a meal; at least 10 minutes
to eat to eat breakfast and 20 minutes to eat lunch after students are seated;
opportunities for students to wash their hands in an efficient manner prior to eating;
Tables and chairs of appropriate size with space to accommodate students with special needs (e.g. wheel chairs);
Appropriate ambient noise level using acceptable and positive enforcement practices (e.g. no whistles, no “eat in silence” orders); and
rules for safe behavior
Actions to support safe and healthy eating include: sufficient time to receive and consume a meal; at least 10 minutes
to eat to eat breakfast and 20 minutes to eat lunch after students are seated;
opportunities for students to wash their hands in an efficient manner prior to eating;
Tables and chairs of appropriate size with space to accommodate students with special needs (e.g. wheel chairs);
Appropriate ambient noise level using acceptable and positive enforcement practices (e.g. no whistles, no “eat in silence” orders); and
rules for safe behavior
Major Recommended Policies – Nutrition Education Major Recommended Policies – Nutrition Education
Nutrition Education: Require health education from pre-kindergarten through grade 12 Nutrition education should be part of a comprehensive school
health education curriculum and include concepts to promote healthy eating
Include healthy eating concepts such as achieving the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans; drinking water for thirst; understanding nutrition labels; assessing portion sizes; limiting foods and beverages high in added sugars; and selecting healthy foods when dining out
Nutrition Education: Require health education from pre-kindergarten through grade 12 Nutrition education should be part of a comprehensive school
health education curriculum and include concepts to promote healthy eating
Include healthy eating concepts such as achieving the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans; drinking water for thirst; understanding nutrition labels; assessing portion sizes; limiting foods and beverages high in added sugars; and selecting healthy foods when dining out
Major Recommended Policies- Competitive FoodsMajor Recommended Policies- Competitive Foods
Ensure that all foods and beverages sold or served outside of school meal programs are nutritious and appealing
Establish strong nutrition standards for competitive foods consistent with the Institute of Medicine’s Nutrition Standards for Food in Schools
Use the contracting process to improve the nutritional quality of competitive foods and beverages
Market more healthful foods and beverages Use fundraising activities and student rewards that support
health
Ensure that all foods and beverages sold or served outside of school meal programs are nutritious and appealing
Establish strong nutrition standards for competitive foods consistent with the Institute of Medicine’s Nutrition Standards for Food in Schools
Use the contracting process to improve the nutritional quality of competitive foods and beverages
Market more healthful foods and beverages Use fundraising activities and student rewards that support
health
Major Recommended Policies – PAMajor Recommended Policies – PA
Include Wellness Policy goals for Physical Education (PE) K-12:
- Require students in grades K-12 to participate in daily physical education
• 150 minutes/week for elementary school students and 225 minutes/week for middle and high school students
- Require schools to report the quantity and quality of physical education offered on school district and state report cards.
Include Wellness Policy goals for Physical Education (PE) K-12:
- Require students in grades K-12 to participate in daily physical education
• 150 minutes/week for elementary school students and 225 minutes/week for middle and high school students
- Require schools to report the quantity and quality of physical education offered on school district and state report cards.
Major Recommended Policies – PAMajor Recommended Policies – PA
Offer Physical Activity Opportunities Before, During, and After-School
Provide all elementary school students a period of daily recess of at least 20 minutes in length.
Implement walk and bicycle to school programs
Offer students opportunities to participate in intramural physical activity programs during after-school hours.
• Offer both competitive and non-competitive activities.• Intramural physical activity programs should meet the needs of all students,
regardless of athletic ability.
Offer Physical Activity Opportunities Before, During, and After-School
Provide all elementary school students a period of daily recess of at least 20 minutes in length.
Implement walk and bicycle to school programs
Offer students opportunities to participate in intramural physical activity programs during after-school hours.
• Offer both competitive and non-competitive activities.• Intramural physical activity programs should meet the needs of all students,
regardless of athletic ability.
National Tools to Help School Districts Develop and Implement Wellness PoliciesNational Tools to Help School Districts
Develop and Implement Wellness Policies
Priority Strategies Coordinated School Health Program Strong wellness policies Self-assessment and planning for
improvement School health council and
coordinator High-quality health education High quality physical education Increased physical activity
opportunities Quality school meal program Appealing, healthy food and
beverage choices outside of school meals
Health promotion for staff
Priority Strategies Coordinated School Health Program Strong wellness policies Self-assessment and planning for
improvement School health council and
coordinator High-quality health education High quality physical education Increased physical activity
opportunities Quality school meal program Appealing, healthy food and
beverage choices outside of school meals
Health promotion for staff
Assesses Curricula for:
NutritionPhysical Activity
TobaccoHIV and STD Prevention
Unintentional Injury Alcohol and Other Drugs
Coordinated School Health
Assesses Curricula for:
NutritionPhysical Activity
TobaccoHIV and STD Prevention
Unintentional Injury Alcohol and Other Drugs
Coordinated School Health
CDC’s Division of Adolescent and School HealthCDC’s Division of Adolescent and School Health
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth
US Dept. of Agriculture, Team NutritionUS Dept. of Agriculture, Team Nutrition
http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn
National Association for Sport and Physical Education
http://www.aahperd.org/naspe
Alliance for a Healthier GenerationAlliance for a Healthier Generation
http://www.healthiergeneration.org
American Association of School AdministratorsAmerican Association of School Administrators
http://www.aasa.org
Major Recommended Policies - TobaccoMajor Recommended Policies - Tobacco
Tobacco-Free Environment Policy: Prohibit all forms of tobacco use on all school
property, in school vehicles, at school- sponsored events (on and off school property) for students, staff, and visitors at all times (24/7).
Tobacco-Free Environment Policy: Prohibit all forms of tobacco use on all school
property, in school vehicles, at school- sponsored events (on and off school property) for students, staff, and visitors at all times (24/7).
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