life under pressure - two oceans aquarium · 2016. 2. 5. · dominique barthelemy head of aquarium...
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AbyssBox Life under pressure
Dominique Barthelemy Head of Aquarium Océanopolis
1/ IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Over the past twenty years, aquarium techniques have evolved making it possible to keep in captivity more and more delicate marine fauna
But the deep-sea environment remains one of the last unexplored fields of aquariology
2 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
Introduction
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Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Ifremer
Born in 2009, the AbyssBox project was initiated by three partners :
First permanent display of live animals collected around deep-sea hydrothermal vents and kept in tanks that recreate the pressure of their original habitat
Océanopolis
The AbyssBox project
3 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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• Opportunities of oceanographic campaigns
Project difficulties
Pressure is key of this project !
• Deep-sea fauna collection
• On board sustaining of the animals
• Transit to Océanopolis
• Long term sustaining of the animals (lack of knowledge about their biology)
• Design of pressurized tanks to host the animals
• Safety and viability of the tanks
• Operating and equipments costs
4 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Atmospheric pressure (about 1 kg/cm2, or 14
pounds/inch2)
A « bunch » of units : Pa, MPa, Bar, Atmosphere, pounds / inch2, kg / cm2
Surface
1000 m
10,900 m Mariana Trench
3800 m average
depth
Pressure is the effect of a force applied to a surface. Hydrostatic pressure at a certain depth results from the weight of the water column above
How do organisms respond to pressure variations ?
What is pressure ?
5 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Large pressure variations lead to alterations at different levels
• membrane fluidity • intra-cellular pH • cytoskeleton • nucleic acid and protein synthesis
• protein complexes
• lipid bilayers
Molecules : Cell :
Organism :
abnormal cleavages • Larval development :
• behavior : Paralysis / hyperactivity / spasms / loss of coordination
6 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Depending on organisms
High mortality rates during and just after deep-sea collection
Depending on Depth
Stress factors: Pressure and temperature variations handling, ..
How capturing deep-sea animals affects their chances of survival
7 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Oceanographic Ship Océanopolis
Pressurized tank Pressurized tank
From deep-sea environment…to Océanopolis
8 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
The pressure conditions of the collecting site must be reproduced at
the surface to restore a good physiological state
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Target species
Segonzacia mesatlantica Mirocaris fortunata
9 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field
(1800 m)
Collecting deep-sea fauna
Ship the « Pourquoi Pas ? » (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG)
ROV « Victor 6000 » Ifremer
Fauna vacuum pump
10 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field
(1800 m)
Ship the « Pourquoi Pas ? » (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG)
Pressurized Tank : IPOCAMP
Collecting deep-sea fauna
11 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Océanopolis, Brest
Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field
(1800 m)
Ship the « Pourquoi Pas ? » (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG)
Collecting deep-sea fauna
12 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Requirements : Based on research tank IPOCAMP (Pressure, Temperature and Water flow control) with the
following additional features:
- A large porthole
- Food insertion without pressure loss
- Safety features for public display and the long term sustaining of the animals
Designing the AbyssBox
13 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Pressure and Temperature control
Adjustable back pressure valve
Cryothermostat
High pressure pump
Hotspot
AbyssBox
14 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Characteristics of the AbyssBox
• Volume : 16 liters
• Service Pressure : from 1 to 200 bar (2000 meters)
• Water Flow : 10 to 12 l/h
• Service Temperature : 2 to 50°C
• Cooling / Heating : Global + Hotspot
• Weight : 600 kg
15 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Food
Feeding without pressure loss Food
Large porthole, similar to those of submarines (see Nautile, Alvin, Shinkaï ..)
Characteristics of the AbyssBox
16 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Safety
« Human Occupied Vehicle » Porthole norm
No pressurized gas
Bursting discs (circuit) and pressure valves (viewport)
PMMA pannels between the vistors and the
AbyssBoxes
Pressure and temperature alarm reports
17 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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End of October, 2011 : Delivery of two AbyssBoxes
at Oceanopolis
Delivery
18 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Exhibit layout
A container lab
19 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Opening on Avril 7th, 2012
20 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Opening on Avril 7th, 2012
21 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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Oceanographic Ship
No decompression transfer to a pressurized tank
No decompression capture and ascent to the surface
( Isobaric capture )
Next step ? 22 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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PERISCOP Isobaric capture of deep-sea fauna
22 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
Isobaric capture
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BALIST Constant pressure line
PERISCOP Isobaric capture of
deep sea fauna
Interested in joining in ?...
23 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
Toward displaying deep-sea fish ?
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Thank you for your kind attention !
24 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
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