life on the home front world war i (1914-1918) chapter 24, section 3
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Life on the Home Front
World War I (1914-1918)
Chapter 24, Section 3
Do Now:
• What Do You See?
• What is the Author Trying to Say?
• What Symbolism is Being Used? (What Does it Mean?)
Essential Questions:
• What does it mean to have “free” speech?”
• Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not?
• Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?
How is the U.S. Going to Pay for World War I?
• U.S. Government Sold War Bonds!!!
• Low Interest Loans by CITIZENS to the U.S. Government
• Think of U.S. Savings Bonds
• Baptism/Communion/ Confirmation/ Bahmitzvahs/Weddings
Selling War Bonds
• U.S. Government Officials Held Liberty Loan Drives to Raise $$$
• Propaganda Posters
• Hollywood Actors Were Used to Promote the Sale of War Bonds
“Victory Gardens”
• U.S. Citizens Were Asked to Grow Gardens at Home
• Less Food Would Be Bought At Stores
• Extra Food Could Then Be Shipped to the Soldiers in Europe!!!
U.S. Citizens At Home• School Children
Rolled Bandages
• Collected Tin Cans, Paper, Toothpaste Tubs, Apricot Pits
• Women Knitted Socks, Sweaters, Hospital Gowns
Rationing• Citizens Did Not Eat
Wheat on Mondays and Wednesdays
• No Meat on Tuesdays
• No More Pleasure Drives (Save Gas)
• Limited Use of Metals and Steel – Needed for the War
Government Control of the Economy
• Government Needed to Make Sure They Had Enough Supplies to Win the War
• Government Wanted to Make Sure We Win!!!
• Government Created 3 National Boards!!!
The War Industries Board
• Managed the Buying and Distribution of War Materials
• Made Sure the Factories Had Materials Needed for War Supplies
• Built New Factories
• Set Production Goals
War Industries Board• War Industries
Board Also Set Prices of Goods
• Because Materials were Scarce, Prices Would Skyrocket Up! (Supply and Demand)
• Only the Rich Could Then Buy Goods!
National War Labor Board
• Settled Conflicts Between Workers (Labor Unions) and Factory Owners
• Made Sure There Were NO Strikes During WWI
• Can’t Have a Strike During a War! (No Supplies Would be Made!)
The National War Labor Board
Committee on Public Information
• Government Agency That Created Propaganda
• Propaganda: Opinions Expressed for the Purpose of Influencing People to Take Action!
• Posters, Pamphlets, Movies, Songs, Etc…
WWI: The War of Posters!
Hayes and D’Ascoli… Play WWI Song, “Johnnie Get
Your Gun!”
Find Your Favorite Piece of Propaganda on Hayes’
Walls!!!
Propaganda Created Prejudice:
• U.S. Government Wanted to Create Support for WWI
• Propaganda Led to Prejudice Against Central Power Countries!
• German Americans Faced it the Worst!
What Were The “New” Names?
Personal Reflection:
• Should government’s have the right to create propaganda to influence it’s citizens to take action?
• Should businesses have that same right?
You Tube
• Army Strong Commercials
• Navy Commercials
Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Act (1918)
• Made it Illegal to Criticize WWI
• Heavy Fines and 10 Years in Jail
• Why Do YOU Think the U.S. Made Criticism of the War Illegal?
Free Speech?• U.S. Arrested More
Than 1,500 Pacifists, Socialists, and Other War Critics
• Eugene Debs Was Arrested for Protesting the War! 10 Years in Jail!
• What Was the U.S. Afraid Of?
Alien and Sedition Acts• U.S. Government
Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1796 (7th Grade)
• Limited Criticism of the Government!
• Why Do YOU Think Many Americans Thought the Alien, Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts Were a Violation of Their Rights?
Socratic Seminar: Marilyn Manson T-Shirt vs.
School Dress Code
Debate
• Should governments have the right to silence its’ citizens when they feel its’ in their best interests?
7 Supreme Court Cases• You Must Know 7
Supreme Court Cases for the N.Y.S. Assessment:– Marbury vs. Madison– Dred Scott vs.
Sanford– Munn vs. Illinois– Plessy vs. Ferguson– Schenck vs. United
States– ???– ???
Schenck vs.United States• Mr. Schenck Handed Out
Anti-War Pamphlets in Times Square, NY – Arrested for Violation of the Espionage and Sedition Acts!
• Sued – Claimed 1st Amendment Was Violated
• Argued Espionage and Sedition Acts Took Away Freedom of Speech
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
• “The most stringent [strict] protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic… The question in every case is whether the words used… are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about … evils that Congress has a right to prevent.
» Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck vs. the U.S., 1919
Free Speech?
• Can the KKK Have a Parade Down Columbus Avenue?
• Can Eminem Curse on His New Album?
• Should Free Speech Be Limited?
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
• The Supreme Court Ruled that Free Speech Can Be Limited!
• You Do NOT Have a Right to Free Speech if it Creates a, “Clear and Present Danger!”
• Arlington National Cemetery – We Will See His Grave!
The Great Migration• Labor Shortage in
Factories Because Men Were Drafted!
• 500,000 African Americans Move into Northern Cities for JOBS!!!
• #1 Reason = Jobs
• Also Left South to Escape Bigotry, Poverty, and Racial Violence (Better Life)
Mexican Migration to U.S. During WWI
• Job Opportunities:– Railroads– Farming in the South
West of the U.S.
• Revolution in Mexico:– Many Mexicans
Escaped to the United States
• Some Mexicans Went to Northern Cities:– Factory Jobs
New Job Opportunities for Women During WWI
• Women Worked in Steel Mills, Ammunition Factories & On Assembly Lines
• Served as Streetcar Conductors & Elevator Operators
• Jobs During WWI Helped Women Get the 19th Amendment!
The Flu Epidemic of 1918• Flu Epidemic of 1918
Killed 20 MILLION People Around the World!!!
• Over 500,000 Americans Died
• Schools and Public Places Were Shut Down
• How Was the Flu Able to Reach 6 Continents?
Essential Questions:
• What does it mean to have “free” speech?”
• Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not?
• Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?
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