liana talaue mcmanus - oceanobs'09 · •tsunami •local sea level rise. low elevation...
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Liana Talaue‐McManus
Division of Marine Affairs and PolicyRosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
Outline1. Coasts as vulnerable & resilient social‐ecological
systems2. Coastal ocean observing systems (COOS) can help to
increase resilience
3. COOS – data requirements and challenges
4. A vision of COOS in developing coastal states
5. Role of GOOS Regional Alliances & similar mechanisms
6. Summary
Community white papers:• Malone et al. Building a global system of systems for the coastal ocean: A strategic action plan for implementing the coastal module of GOOS
• Swail et al. Storm Surge • Sathyendranath et al. ChloroGIN: Use of satellite and in situ data in support of ecosystem‐based management of marine ecosystems
• Brainard et al. An international network of coral reef ecosystem observing systems (I‐CREOS)
VulnerabilityContext
Disease outbreaksMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
VulnerabilityContext
Disease outbreaksMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
(modified from Kotchen & Young, 2007)
HumanSystems Ecosystems
GovernanceFilter
SustainableLivelihoods
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
Power dynamicsGovernmentInstitutionsCultureGenderMarkets
Power dynamicsGovernmentInstitutionsCultureGenderMarkets
Governance
Livelihood intensificationLivelihood diversification
Migration
Livelihood intensificationLivelihood diversification
Migration
Livelihood Strategies
Poverty alleviationIncreased incomeImproved health
Decision empowermentReduced vulnerabilityIncreased food security
Poverty alleviationIncreased incomeImproved health
Decision empowermentReduced vulnerabilityIncreased food security
Livelihood Outcomes= Human Wellbeing
NaturalPhysicalFinancial SocialHuman
NaturalPhysicalFinancial SocialHuman
LivelihoodAssets
Ecosystem Services= N
P S
F H
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
VulnerabilityContext
Outbreak of diseaseMarket failureClimate changeNatural disastersPolitical instability
Multiple framing bystakeholder groupsat nested scales
SustainableLivelihoodApproach
(DFID 2000; STEPS 2007)
Coastal ocean observations
• Elucidate vulnerabilitiesCoastal human populationsCoastal ecosystems
• Inform the governance process• Engender in situ capacity building
The coast, up close, is a political forum(the governance challenge)
• Coastal zones are within local to national jurisdictions• Coastal studies and observing systems must address articulated national needs to sustain livelihoods
• Strong national participation especially within a rubric of international partnership
• In‐situ capacity in operational oceanography underpins long‐term success of coastal observing systems
Priority User Issues & GEO Societal Benefit Areas
Priority User Issues GEO Societal Benefit Areas
Coastal Human Populations
Coastal hazards Disasters, Climate
Coastal development & urbanization
Human health, Water, Climate, Agriculture, Energy
CoastalEcosystems
Hydrological & biogeochemical cycles
Water, Weather, Climate
Ecosystem health & resilience
Ecosystems, Biodiversity
( GOOS COOP 2003; Integrated Global Observing Strategy Coastal Theme 2006;Group on Earth Observations Coastal Zone Community of Practice 2008)
Observing Requirements
GEOPHYSICALOcean winds, waves, sea surface height, currents, salinity, temperature, discharge, precipitation, ice cover
BIOLOGICAL & BIOGEOCHEMICAL
Pigments, nutrients, particulate & dissolved matter, aerosol properties, slicks and spills, fluorescence, optical properties, O2, pCO2
MAPPING (Physical, Ecological & Socio‐economic)
Topography, bathymetry, shoreline position & use, high/low tide lines, habitat types & condition, land cover/use, reef maps, coastal population assessments/ demographics
(IGOS Coastal Theme 2006)
Challenges for operational coastal oceanography• Observation systems
High resolution in space and timeLong‐term continuity of operational life of sensors
• Data integrationCommunication and biases among disciplinesData inventory across institutions/ national boundariesSeparation of land and sea data; of remote & in situ data
• Unique challengesSeamless topobathymetric DEMsScale dependent attributes of the fractal nature of coastlinesSocial‐ecological system approaches to identify the nuanced use of coastal observations for prevention and mitigation
Empowering integrated coastal zone management through earth observations (Mission Statement of the GEO Coastal Zone Community of Practice)
Utilize the GOOS Regional Alliances Network & establish N‐S & S‐S partnerships to enhance national capacities(GOOS Report 2003)
Netherlands
Northern Egypt
India
Vietnam
National Censuses to update populationattributes in 3D for decision making
Seamless topobathy mapping
Airborne LIDARBathymetric Mapping
Coastal population distribution+ SRTM topography+ LIDAR bathymetry
Population-TopoBathy Map
Coastal Processes Modeling•Storm surge•Tsunami•Local sea level rise
Low elevationCoastal population
(CIESIN 2009)
SRTM Image 2000(NASA/JPL/NIMA)
Digitized BathymetricMaps (USDMA 1982) Tsunami Run-up Model ???
RiskAnalysis???
(Løvholt et al 2009)
SSH (Jason 1)
Bathymetry Wind- & tide-driven Circulation
SST
Gulf of Mexico Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation of SST before & after Hurricane Ivan (Halliwell & Kourafalou2008)
ChloroGIN Leaflet (Groom et al 2007)
(Terrill from DiGiacomo 2005)
The role of GRAs: PI‐GOOSAims to assist sustainable development in member nations by:
1. Facilitating the establishment & implementation of coastal & open ocean observing systems
2. Helping to improve use of data, information & products generated from new & existing programs
FOUR FOCAL AREAS
CommunicationSupport to marine observing programsMarine data access and management
Education and training
CS3
CS1
CSn
CS5
CS4CS2
GRAAssists
FacilitatesCommunicates
Event forecastsImpact forecastsMitigation ScenariosOther operational
products
Global products
Define boundary conditionsfor nested modeling &data assimilation
Elucidate high resolutionfeedbacks & societal response
GRA: GOOS Regional AllianceCS: Coastal State
Summary• The coast is a coupled system, vulnerable & resilient.• Coastal ocean observing systems elucidate vulnerabilities and inform governance to enhance resilience through appropriate mitigation
• GOOS Regional Alliances and similar mechanisms prioritize national capacity building in operational oceanography to sustain coastal livelihoods
• The interactive generation of science at global and local scales makes earth system science robust & highly relevant to coastal states
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