lesson1_materialproperties.ppt
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Lesson 1
application design of components material protection (from corrosion,
damage, etc.)
1. Physical properties2. Mechanical properties3. Chemical properties
colour –light wave length
specific heat – the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade (J/kg K)
density – mass per unit volume expressed in such units as kg/cm 3 3
thermal conductivity –rate at which heat flows through a given material (W/m K)
melting point – a temperature at which a solid begins to liquify
electrical conductivity – a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current (Ω⋅m)
coefficient of thermal expansion – degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature (m/°C)
tensile strength – measures the force required to pull something such as rope,wire or a structural beam to the point where it breaks
ductility – a measure of how much strain a material can take before rupturing
malleability – the property of a material that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking
brittleness –breaking or shattering of a material when subjected to stress (when force is applied to it)
elasticity – the property of a material that returns to its original shape after stress (e.g. external forces) that made it deform or distort is removed
plasticity - the deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces
toughness – the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing
hardness – the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched
machinability – the property of a material that can be shaped by hammering, pressing, rolling
corrosion resistance - a material's ability to resist deterioration caused by exposure to an environment
Material Properties
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood
Material Properties
aluminium lightness ; strength
rubber elasticity ; insulation
ceramics thermal resistivity
steel strength
copper conductivity ; corrosion resistance
lead high density; ductility
nylon strength ; toughness
cast iron damping capacity
wood insulation ; environmental friendliness
Material Application
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood
Material Application
aluminium foil; aircraft; window frame
rubber tyres,; seal; gasket
ceramics furnace; brick
steel section; pipe
copper pipe; cables
lead storage battery; radiation protection ballast; bullets
nylon rope; clothing
cast iron engine block; valves
wood furniture; deck
gold - gold - 19300 kg/m19300 kg/m33
uranium - uranium - 19100 kg/m19100 kg/m33
lead - lead - 11340 kg/m 11340 kg/m33
steel - steel - 7800 kg/m 7800 kg/m33
Material Tensile Strength UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength)
carbon nanotubes 62000 M62000 MPPa a ((theoreticaltheoretical300000 300000 MMPPa)a)
48000 kNm/kg48000 kNm/kg
carbon fibre 5650 MPa5650 MPa 3200 kNm/kg3200 kNm/kg
glass fibre 4700 M4700 MPPaa 1340 kNm/kg1340 kNm/kg
spider web 1000 MPa1000 MPa 900 kNm/kg900 kNm/kg
high-strength steel 1200 M1200 MPPaa 154 kNm/kg154 kNm/kg
Material Conductivity
silver 63 x 1063 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)
copper59.6 x 1059.6 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)
gold45.2 x 1045.2 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)
aluminium37.8 x 1037.8 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)
Material Specific resistance
polyethylene terephthalate (PET(PET))
10102020 ohm ohm
glass 10101414 ohm ohm
rubber 10101313 ohm ohm
Forging - a manufacturing processwhere metal is shaped by plasticdeformation under great pressure intohigh strength parts.
Casting – pouring or injecting molten metal into a mold containing a cavity with the desired shape
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