lecture 6 scope
Post on 03-Jun-2018
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 1/37
06/02/2014
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 2/37
What is Project Scope Management?
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating
the products of the project and the processes
used to create them
A deliverable is a product produced as part of a
project, such as hardware or software, planning
documents, or meeting minutes
Project Scope Management includes theprocesses involved in defining and controlling
what is or is not included in a project
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 3/37
Project Scope Management
Product Scope
• The features and
functions that
characterize a productservice, or result.
• Completion is measured
against the product
requirements.
Project Scope
• The work that must bedone in order to deliver aproduct, service, or resultwith the specified featuresand functions.
• Completion is measuredagainst the project plan.
A clear project scope ideally means one target, one arrow
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 4/37
Project Scope Management
Includes the processes required to ensure that theproject accomplishes all of the work required, and only
the work required, to achieve the purpose of project
success.
Scope Management means: Constantly checking to make sure you are completing all
the work.
Not letting people randomly add to the scope of the project
without a structured change control system. Making sure all changes fit in the project charter.
Defining and Controlling what is or what is not included in
the project.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 5/37
Project Scope Management
Processes
Project Scope Management
Scope Definition Create WBS
Scope Verification Scope Control
Scope Planning
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 6/37
Project Scope Management
Processes
ScopeDefinition
Create WBS
Scope Verification
Scope Control
Scope Planning
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 7/37
o ec requ remen s copePlanning)
It is the process of creating a project scope managementplan that documents how the project scope will be defined,verified, controlled and how the work breakdown structure(WBS) will be created and defined.
• Focuses on thinking ahead to determine “How will I dothis?” before doing the work and turning the answer into aProject Scope Management Plan.
• Defining and managing the project scope influence the
project’s overall success. • Each project requires a careful balance of tools, data
sources, processes and procedures to ensure that the effortspent on scoping activities is matching with the project’s
size, complexity, and importance.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 8/37
Tools andTechniques
Expert judgment
Templates, Forms,Standards
Inputs
EnterpriseEnvironmental
FactorsOrganizationalProcess Assets
Project Charter
Preliminary ProjectScope Statement
Management Plan
OutputsProject ScopeManagementPlan
Scope Planning
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 9/37
Scope Planning
InputsEnterprise Environmental Factors:
Any or all external and internal organizational environmental
factors that surround or influence the project’s success.
• Examples include: organizational culture and structure,infrastructure, tools, human resources, personnel
policies, commercial databases, market conditions,
etc.
Organizational Process Assets:
Every organization keeps a database of all the informationand records of the previous executed projects and theseinformation are stored in a central repository calledOrganizational Process Assets.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 10/37
Scope Planning…. Inputs (continued)
Project Charter:The document that formally authorizes a project andprovides the PM with the authority to apply organizational
resources to project activitiesPreliminary Project Scope Statement:The definition of the project – what needs to be done
Management Plan:
Detail definition of how the project is to be executed,monitored, controlled, and closed
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 11/37
Scope Planning
Tools and TechniquesExpert Judgment: Expert judgment is related to how equivalent projects havemanaged scope and is used in developing the project
scope management plan.• Expertise (specialized education or past
experience)
Templates, Forms and Standards:Templates could include WBS templates, scopemanagement plan template and project scope changecontrol forms.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 12/37
Scope Planning
OutputsProject Scope Management Plan:
A document that provides guidelines on how project scopewill be defined, documented, verified, managed andcontrolled by the project management team.
• Control how change requests for project scope
statement will be processed.
• Project Scope Management Plan is contained in, or isa subsidiary of the Project Management Plan.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 13/37
2. Scope DefinitionScope Definition is the process of developing adetailed project scope statement to be used as thebasis for future project decisions.
• Primarily concerned with what is and what isnot included in the project.• Takes into account constraints and
assumptions that were documented during
project initiation.• Stakeholders needs, wants, and expectations
are analyzed and converted into the projectrequirements.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 14/37
Scope Definition
Tools andTechniques
Project analysis
Alternativesidentification
Expert judgment
Stakeholder analysis
Inputs
Organizationalprocess assets
Project charter
Preliminary projectscope statement
Project scopemanagement plan
Approved changerequests
Outputs
Project scopestatement
Requested changes
Project scopemanagement plan(update)
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 15/37
Scope DefinitionInputsOrganizational Process Assets:
The formal and informal procedures, policies and guidelines
that could impact how the project’s scope is managed.
Project Charter
The document that formally authorizes a project and provides
the PM with the authority to apply organizational resources to
project activities.
Preliminary Project Scope Statement
The definition of the project – what needs to be done.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 16/37
Scope Definition
Inputs (continued)Project Scope Management Plan
A document that provides guidelines on how project scopewill be defined, documented, verified, managed, and
controlled by the project management team.
Approved Change RequestsDocumented, authorized changes to expand or contractproject scope.
• Can also modify policies, project management plans,procedures, costs, or budgets, or revise schedules.
• Can impact project scope, quality, estimated costs, orproject schedule.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 17/37
Scope Definition
Tools and TechniquesProduct Analysis:Method for translating project objectives into tangibledeliverables and requirements.
• Includes techniques such as product breakdown,system analysis, systems engineering, value and
functional analysis. Used to translate project objectivesinto tangible deliverables and requirements.
Alternative Identification:Technique used to generate different approaches to executeand perform the work of the project.
• Includes techniques such as brainstorming and lateralthinking.
Tip: You don’t need to know how to “do” these techniques, you
just need to recognize that there are a number of techniques
that may be used and be familiar with their names.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 18/37
Scope Definition
Tools and Techniques (continued)
Expert Judgment:
Expert judgment is related to how equivalent projects have
managed scope and is used in developing the project scope
management plan.• Expertise (specialized education or past experience)
Stakeholder Analysis:
Stakeholder analysis identifies the influence and interests ofthe various stakeholders and documents their needs, wants,
and expectations. The analysis selects, prioritizes and
qualifies the needs and expectations to create requirements.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 19/37
Scope Definition
OutputsProject Scope Statement:
Describes, in detail, the project’s deliverables and the workrequired to create those deliverables. It provides a commonunderstanding of the project scope among all projectstakeholders and describes the project’s major objectives.It also:
allows the project team to perform more detailed planning guides the project team’s work during execution
provides the baseline for evaluating whether requests for
changes or additional work are contained within or outsidethe project’s boundaries
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 20/37
Scope Definition
Outputs (continued)Requested Changes:
Requested changes to the Project Management Plan and its
subsidiary documents may be developed during the Scope
Definition process.• Requested changes are processed for review and
disposition through Integrated Change Control
process.
Project Scope Management Plan (Updates):
The Project Scope Management Plan component of the
Project Management Plan may need to be updated to
include approved change requests resulting from the
project’s Scope Definition process.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 21/37
3. Create WBSCreating the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) is the process ofsubdividing the major project deliverables and project work into
smaller, more manageable components.
The WBS is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of thework to be executed by the project team to accomplish the projectobjectives and create the required deliverables.
WBS is the foundation of the project. WBS:• organizes and defines the total scope of the project.• subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable
pieces of work.• provides the ability to plan the work and represents anincreasingly detailed definition of the work.
• ends with work packages, which are the lowest-level ofcomponents and can be scheduled, cost estimated,
monitored, and controlled.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 22/37
(WBS)
A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the workinvolved in a project that defines the total scope of the
project
WBS is a foundation document that provides the basis
for planning and managing project schedules, costs,
resources, and changes
Decomposition is subdividing project deliverables into
smaller pieces A work package is a task at the lowest level of the WBS
Tasks on a WBS represent work that needs to be done to
complete the project, not specifications (e.g. type of
materials etc)
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 23/37
Template
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 24/37
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
1Widget Management
System
1.1 Initiation 1.1.1 Evaluation & Recommendations1.1.2 Develop Project Charter
1.1.3 Deliverable: Submit Project Charter
1.1.4 Project Sponsor Reviews Project Charter
1.1.5 Project Charter Signed/Approved
1.2 Planning 1.2.1 Create Preliminary Scope Statement
1.2.2 Determine Project Team
1.2.3 Project Team Kickoff Meeting
1.2.4 Develop Project Plan1.2.5 Submit Project Plan
1.2.6 Milestone: Project Plan Approval
1.3 Execution 1.3.1 Project Kickoff Meeting
1.3.2 Verify & Validate User Requirements
1.3.3 Design System
1.3.4 Procure Hardware/Software
1.3.5 Install Development System
1.3.6 Testing Phase1.4 Control 1.4.1 Project Management
1.4.2 Project Status Meetings
1.4.3 Risk Management
1.4.4 Update Project Management Plan
1.5 Closeout 1.5.1 Audit Procurement
1.5.2 Document Lessons Learned
1.5.3 Update Files/Records
1.5.4 Gain Formal Acceptance1.5.5 Archive Files/Documents
Tabular View of WBS.
It is a good option for organizations which prefer table formats
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 25/37
Create WBS
Tools andTechniques
Work breakdownstructure templates
Decomposition
Inputs
Organizationalprocess assets
Project scopestatement
Project scopemanagement plan
Approved change
requests
Outputs
Project scopestatement(updates)
Work breakdownstructure
WBS dictionary
Scope baseline
Project scopemanagement plan(Updates)
Requested changes
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 26/37
Create WBS
Inputs
Organizational Process Assets:
The formal and informal procedures, policies and
guidelines that could impact how the project’s scope ismanaged.
Project Scope Statement:
Describes, in detail, the project’s deliverables and the work
required to create those deliverables. It also provides acommon understanding of the project scope among all
project stakeholders and describes the project’s major
objectives.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 27/37
Create WBS
Inputs (continued)
Project Scope Management Plan:
A document that provides guidelines on how project scope
will be defined, documented, verified, managed andcontrolled by the project management team.
Approved Change Requests:
Documented, authorized changes to expand contract
project scope.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 28/37
Create WBS
Tools and TechniquesWork Breakdown Structure Templates:
• Reuse WBS from a previous project.• Most projects – within a given organization – may
have the same or similar project life cycles andsimilar deliverables required from each phase.
A WBS from a previous project can often be used as atemplate for a new project. Although each project is unique,
WBSs can often be “reused” since most projects will resembleanother project to some extent.
For example, most projects within a given organization willhave the same or similar project life cycles, and will thus havethe same or similar deliverables required from each phase.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 29/37
Create WBS
Tools and Techniques (continued)Decomposition:Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, moremanageable components until the deliverables are defined tothe work package level.
• Different deliverables have different levels ofdecomposition.
• Decomposition of total project work generally involvesthe following activities:
• Identifying the deliverables and related work.• Structuring and organizing the WBS.• Decomposing the upper WBS levels into lower level detailed
components.• Developing and assigning identification codes to WBS components.• Verifying the degree of decomposition of the work is necessary and
sufficient.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 30/37
Create WBS
OutputsProject Scope Statement (Updates): Approved changes are included in the Project Scope
Statement.
Work Breakdown Structure: A deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of thework to be executed by the project team to accomplish the
project objectives and create the required deliverables.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 31/37
Create WBS
Outputs (continued)WBS Dictionary: A WBS dictionary is a document that describes eachcomponent of the WBS, including: work packagedescriptions, defined deliverables, list of associated activities
and milestones, schedule dates, cost budgets, and staffassignments.Each component of a WBS is assigned a unique identifier.Collectively, these unique identifiers are known as the code
of accounts or code.
Many WBS tasks are vague and must be explained more sopeople know what to do and can estimate how long it willtake and what it will cost to do the work
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 32/37
Scope Verification It is very difficult to create a good scope statement and WBS
for a project. It is even more difficult to verify project scopeand minimize scope changes.
Many projects suffer from scope creep and poor scope
verification.
Scope Verification includes:• Obtaining formal acceptance of the project scope by the
stakeholders (sponsor, client, customer, etc.).
• Reviewing deliverables and work results to ensure that all
were completed correctly and satisfactorily.• Determining completion, especially if the project is
terminated early. The scope verification process should
establish and document the level and extent of
completion.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 33/37
Scope Verification
Tools andTechniques
Inspection Inputs
Project scopestatement
WBS dictionary
Project scopemanagement plan
Deliverables
Outputs
Accepted deliverables
Requested changes
Recommended
corrective actions
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 34/37
Scope Control Scope control involves controlling changes to the project
scope. Project Scope Control is concerned with influencingthe factors that create project scope changes and
controlling the impact of those changes.
Goals of scope control are to:
Influence the factors that cause scope changes.
Ensure changes are processed according to procedures
developed as part of integrated change control.
Manage changes when they occur. Scope Control shouldbe proactive, rather than reactive
Variance is the difference between planned and actual
performance.
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 35/37
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 36/37
Scope Control
Tools andTechniques
Change control system
Variance analysis
Replanning
Configurationmanagement system
Inputs
Project scopestatement
Work breakdownstructure
WBS dictionary
Project scopemanagement plan
Performance reports
Approved changerequests
Work performanceinformation
Outputs
Project scope statement(updates)
Work breakdownstructure (updates)
WBS dictionary (updates)
Scope baseline (updates)
Requested changes
Recommended correctiveaction
Organizational processassets (updates)
Project management plan(updates)
8/12/2019 Lecture 6 Scope
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-6-scope 37/37
Understand how inputs, tools & techniques, and outputs worktogether. You don’t have to memorize them.
top related