lecture 10 sino-us rapprochement 1969 - 1972. nixon ’ s dilemma soviet ’ s challenge in...
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Lecture 10
Sino-US Rapprochement 1969 - 1972
Nixon’s Dilemma
Soviet’s challenge in nuclear weapons competition;
Vietnam War;
Economic competition with Western Europe & Japan’s.
China’s Deteriorating Security
Sino-Soviet Border Clashes; Sino-US hostility in Vietnam War; Sino-Japan’s Stalemate; Sino-India’s deteriorating relations; Sino-North Vietnam subtle relations in
Brezhnev’s Era.
Nixon’s Measures
National Strategy: return from idealistic to realistic thinking;
Pivotal position in US, Soviet and China trilateral relations;
Centralize decision-making to NSC; Secret Diplomacy.
Mao Zedong’s Measures Strategic thinking: “Borrowing strength of
the barbarians to check the barbarians”; “Pursuing a united front with a less dangerous enemy in order to focus on the contest against the primary enemy”; “Making friends with the country far away and defend the neighboring enemy;”
Oct., 1968,normalizing of diplomatic affairs since CCP’s 12th Plenary Session of 8th Central Committee;
Zhou Enlai in charge of foreign affairs.
Communication Channels
Warsaw Channel;
Pakistan Channel;
Paris Channel;
New York Channel.
Sino-US Leaders’ Talks July 9-11, 1971,Kissinger’s secret trip (4
talks); Oct. 20-26, 1971, Kissinger’s 2nd China trip
(10 talks); Jan. 3-10, 1972, Haig’s China trip (4 talks); Feb. 21-28, 1972, Nixon’s China trip Nixon Vs. Zhou Enlai; Kissinger Vs. Qiao Guanhua; Rogers Vs. Ji Pengfei.
Comparison of Bilateral Power Position(Macroscopic Perspective)
developed nation Vs. developing nation;
Superpower Vs. Regional Power; Decreasing of US power Vs.
increasing of China power.
Reevaluation of Bilateral power position(Microscopic Perspective)
Host Vs. Guest; Negotiation duration, tempo; Communication with headquarter; International situation matters: India-
Pakistan conflict, stalement of Paris Talks.
周总理接见尼克松总统
Preparations before Negotiations
Individual needs & exchange
interests;
Bottom line on every issue;
Skill in the negotiation.
Forms of Negotiation
Pre-summit talks;
Summit talks;
Cross-level talks.
Contest in the Negotiation
Kissinger’s ambiguity Vs. Zhou Enlai’s
uncertainty ; Issue Vs. Question ; Pragmatism Vs. Ethic norms;
Prestige & Honor.
American Features in the Negotiation
Floating leverage;
“Stick” &. “Carrot” ; Cordial & sincere wording.
Key Variables in Negotiation
Power
Culture
Emotion
Interfering Variables
Location;
Duration;
Frequency.
Diplomatic Etiquette
Clothing Food Housing Traffic
US Perception on Chinese Government
Top officials: determined and high
moral standard;
Good control of public.
Negotiators
Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Qiao Guanhua, Ji Pengfei;
Nixon, Kissinger, Rogers, Jenkins;
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