lec-01 introduction to ict
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Fundamentals of ICT
Jawairia Rasheed
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Office: Room B107, Faculty of Computing and IT
Email:jawairia@uog.edu.pk
Office Hours:
Monday: 11:00 a.m.12:00 p.m.
mailto:jawairia@uog.edu.pkmailto:jawairia@uog.edu.pk -
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Course Description
This is an introductory course on the Fundamentals
of Information and Communication Technologies.
Topics include:
ICT Terminologies
Hardware and Software Concepts
and Components
Networking Conceptsand Applications
ICT based applications.
All images used in presentations are for educational purposes only. In most cases a hyperlink or image url is provided. If there is noreference and originator wishes image to be removed, then please send email to maajid.maqbool@seecs.edu.pkfor compliance
mailto:maajid.maqbool@seecs.edu.pkhttp://www.ocwswwtp.com/photogallery/images/2008/04/2008-0418-007s.jpgmailto:maajid.maqbool@seecs.edu.pk -
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Textbook
Introduction to Computersby Peter Norton, 6th
International Edition (McGraw HILL)
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Reference Books
Computing Essentials: Complete 2010byOLeary/OLeary (McGraw Hill)
Using Information Technology: A Practical
Introduction to Computer & CommunicationsbyWilliams & Sawyer, 7th Edition (McGraw Hill)
Computers, Communications & Information: AUser's Introductionby Sarah E. Hutchinson,
Stacey C. Sawyer
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Web References
www.howstuffworks.com
http://www.howstuffworks.com/https://www.masoncoschools.net/groups/mcmsbrianmcdowell/revisions/68200/11/http://www.howstuffworks.com/ -
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Tentative Grading
Grading
25% Midterm
50% End Semester Exam
10% Assignments
5% Quizzes
10% Project/ Presentation
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Quiz/Assignment Policy
Quizzes will be announced/unannounced.
Late submission of assignments will either not be
entertained or will result in the deduction of marks.
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Project
Individual or Group Work
Presentations will be required
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Lesson 1A
ICT Definitions
Types of Computers Benefits of ICT to Society
http://www.sigma-orionis.com/paradiso-fp7.eu/index.phphttp://computers-chhatra.blogspot.com/2010/06/types-of-computer-on-basis-of-work.html -
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Black Box Theory
INPUT OUTPUT
BLACK BOX
Stimulus Response
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Data versus Information
Data: Raw plain
facts and figures
Information: When
data is Processed
and Organized tomake it Useful.
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Science and Technology
Science:
the body of knowledge obtained by methods of
observation
the pursuit of knowledge about the material
world. By its very nature, science is
unpredictable. (Blake L. White)
http://mw.k12.ny.us/webpages/bthorpe/photos/6666/scientist_clipart.jpg -
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Technology
Interface of society andscience
The creation of artifactsand systems to
meet people's needs
Science + Imagination =Technology
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Technology
Technology: the conscious
attempt to apply our
understanding about the
universe to accomplish somespecific, material end (to
benefit society): to cure a
disease, to make a cleaner
car, or to provide 500
channels of entertainment. Itis predictable and
controllable. (Dr Alan J.
Friedman)
http://spaceports.blogspot.com/2011/06/nasa-space-launch-system-takes-shape.html -
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ConstelTechnologyrion
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13532968http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13532968http://radio.foxnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/SpaceLaunchSystem1.jpghttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14915725 -
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Communication The process of attempting
to impart information
from a sender to a
receiver with the use of
a medium(Wikipedia)
Many mediums to
achieve this goal
For ICT purposes we
mean electronic medium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://www.researchers.in.th/file/sudjai/view/988http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSipBlT38juo8gQ-XdhouWpSqWZzGC0nS1J6ndQGnm7AwwCEYM&t=1&usg=__yX1vwM0auNjaX2aqHtuBEuX1LHs=http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQFAuIkRpuCvVQ2I8SiDyi7_AobWQy3US5Dp__GcYkBVPQoDFw&t=1&usg=__RIODWSw53cMbpHZBnU9ueDK4ecE=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication) -
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Information and Communication Technology
Diverse set of technological tools and resources
used to communicate, and to create, disseminate,
store, and manage information.
These technologies include computers, the
Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and
television), and telephony(Wikipedia) Key component of ICT is still the Computer
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What is a Computer
Computercomputes
Programmable, multiuse machine that accepts
data and figures and processes it into usableinformation.
Storage
Processing/
Computation
Data & Instructions Information/Results
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What is Information Technology !?!
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What is Information Technology !?!
Computer Technology
+Communication Technology
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Computer Technology
Programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data
and processes it into usable information
summaries, totals, or reports
Used to speed up problem solving and increaseproductivity
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Communication Technology
Communication technology consists of devices and
systems for communicating over long distances
Using Wires
Electrical Signals Optical Signals (Light)
Wirelessly
ElectroMagnetic Waves
Acoustic Waves (Sound)
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Information Technology
IT is any technology that helps to produce,
manipulate, store, communicate, and/or
disseminate information
These technologies include computers, theInternet, broadcasting technologies (radio and
television), and telephony (Wikipedia)
Merges computing with high-speedcommunications links carrying data, sound, and
video
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Exercise
How have you been using Information Technology
in your life?
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Some Examples of IT
Image Morphing
changing (or morphing) one image into another through
a seamless transition
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Some Examples of IT
GPS Tracking (Global positioning system)
Track your vehicles, wherever they go, using GPS
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Some Examples of IT
Video Conferencing
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Some Examples of IT
Robotics
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Negative Impact
Lots of information and social media
a massive threat to your health, personal data and
security. (And maybe friendships.)
Spyware, Trojan Horses, Viruses, and Worms
Scams & Fraud
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Information Technology
Key component of information technology is the
COMPUTER
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Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage (Famous mathematician, Professor
at Cambridge University, Chair of Newton)
1833, made a design of a computing device
Father of the computer Worlds first digital general purpose computer
Named Analytical Engine
A brilliant design
Could not be constructed during his time
Possible after 100 years of his design
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Analytical Engine
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Analytical Engine
A programmable mechanical digital machine.
Nowadays our computers are all electronic. But at
that time electronics technology did not exist.
All the capabilities of todays modern computer
Computations
Make decisions: If-else
Input, storage, processor, output
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Ada (18151852)
Famous student of Babbage
Ada (Mathematician)
Her fathers name was Byron who was a famous poet
Wrote a program for Babbages machine (considered tobe the first computer program)
Worlds first computer programmer
Language: Ada
US Dept. of defence designed this first language and to
honour her they named the language Ada.
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Computer
The first use of the word "computer" recorded in
1613
A person who carried out calculations, or computations
From the end of the 19th century onwards though, theword began to take on its more familiar meaning
A machine that carries out computations
A computer is a programmable machine that receives input,
stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a usefulformat.
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Advantages
Speed
Storage
Accuracy
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Disadvantages
Image and Pattern recognition
Can computers think?
Come up with brand new innovative ideas
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Computers in Society
Computers at home
Computers in education
Computers in small business
Computers in industry
Computers in health care
Computers in government
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Past
Most computing was done by specialists
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Present
With the introduction of microcomputers, WE
operate the computer.
Today, almost every item we use is made by using a
computeror--has a computer component built intoit.
WE must become the experts.
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