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CONNECTION SOLUTIONS IN MODERN TIMBER STRUCTURES
Woodworks WebinarJune 14, 2011
J ERIC KARSH P i i lJ ERIC KARSH, PrincipalMEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing
“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be
t d t AIA/CES f AIA b C tifi t f C l ti freported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professionalThis program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials methods and services will beQuestions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesAt the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Learn about state-of-the-art timber fabrication and connection technology and how they can be used in actual structures.
2. Learn about sustainability and other advantages of timber as a construction material.
3. Learn how these advantages and the recent changes in the timber industry have impacted the decision to use wood in many public projects large and smallwood in many public projects large and small.
4. See numerous innovative timber project examples.
Renewed use of wood in commercial construction
Renewed interest in timber as an architectural medium Technical advances in materials, fabrication, connections
& fi t ti& fire protection Trends towards sustainable construction Economics (material cost and construction time) Economics (material cost and construction time) Successful out of country examples Political will: Woodworks! and Wood first policiesp
Carbon emissions
Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions
Carbon emissions
Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions
Ti b S t 1 t f b 3Timber: Sequesters 1 ton of carbon per m3
Limitations (perception or reality)
The “Combustibility” prejudice The Combustibility prejudicePerformance based codes
Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisWater and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisEnvelope problem, not a structural problem
Wood un-predictable and weakpEngineered wood productsState-of-the-art connections
Limitations (perception or reality)
The “Combustibility” prejudice The Combustibility prejudicePerformance based codes
Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisWater and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisEnvelope problem, not a structural problem
Wood un-predictable and weakpEngineered wood productsState-of-the-art connections
1998 5th W ld C f Ti b E i i1998 - 5th World Conference on Timber EngineeringMontreux, Switzerland
Transformative Advances
3D Modelling and CNC Fabrication New Age Connections
3D Modelling + Detailing
CadWork Dietrich
Morges ArenaMorges ArenaSwitzerland
CNC Fabrication
Hundegger K2 Créneau
Number of structural wood frame CNC’s in 1998North America: 2North America: 2 Switzerland: 300
Today, probably about 75 CNC’s in North America.
Hundegger K2
German design 3 Axis Fixed tool head Up to 10” x 14” pieces, 24’ long
F t li bl d i l Fast, reliable and economical The Volkswagen of CNC’s
Créneau
French design 5 axis – 14 tool rack Gantry type Up to 16” x 60” pieces, 100’ long or more
E t l til Extremely versatile Slower and more expensive
ConnectionsConnections
North American connectors Others
North American connectorsNorth American connectors Nails + screws Bolts Bolts Drift Pins Lag screws Lag screws Timber rivets Shear Plates + split rings Truss plates Pre-engineered light gauge metal connectors (Simpson)
ConnectionsConnections
North American connectors Others
OthersOthers Notches (wood-to-wood; Steel-to-wood) Castings Castings Block Gluing Tight-fit pins + bolts Tight fit pins bolts Ring nails Glued-in rods / rebar BVD system by Bertsche WS system by SFS Intec New-age self-tapping screws Sherpa system
HBV system by TiComTec HBV system by TiComTec
O86 – 01 - Clause 3.3.2
O86 – 01 - Clause 3.3.2
First principles: Notches, castings Foreign codes: Block gluing, ring nails, tight-fit bolts + pins Proprietary: Bertsche, SFS – WS, HBV, etc.
Supported by empirical data.
Notches
Used all over the world for centuries Making a comeback due to CNC fabrication Design from first principles
Wood to WoodWood to WoodSingle and Double N t hNotches
Castings
Design from first principle Extremely versatile, elegant, reliable Relatively economical in large numbers Relatively economical in large numbers Susceptible to fire
Block Gluing
Gluing of glue laminated elements to form built-up shapes
Uses low-pressure gluesUses low pressure glues Used to increase the cross section (at
connections or for long unrestrained compression elements)compression elements)
Careful: Low-pressure glues are often soft and susceptible to creep
Avoid in bending membersAvoid in bending members
Tight-fit pins + bolts
Design using European codes, reconciling values for load factors, wood species, etc.
Hole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pinHole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pin Hole in the steel is 0.0 to 1.0 mm larger than the pin. Multiple fastener connections only practical with the use of CNC
fabricationfabrication Reliable, concealed and elegant Can use multiple knife plates
C Can achieve ductile connections with small diameter pins
Why tight fit ?
Ring Nails
Covered in European codes (Swiss) Covered in European codes (Swiss) Similar to timber rivets Some proprietary (Gunnebo – Sweden)p p y ( ) Can be used for ductile connections
Glued-in rods / rebar
Rebar glued into the wood with epoxyRebar glued into the wood with epoxy Popular in Australia and Switzerland, some examples in USA &
Canada Proprietary systems – Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland) Proprietary systems – Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland) Versatile, concealed (fire resistant) Reliable perpendicular to grain (30º or more from grain axis) Less reliable parallel to grain (less than 30º from grain axis) Must use the right resin
BVD System by Bertsche
Proprietary system from Germany Probably the strongest available in tension Reliable, concealed Tight-fit
N t til Not as versatile as some
WS System by SFS Intec Proprietary system from Switzerland
C i t f lf t i ll di t ti ht fit d l t Consists of self-tapping, small diameter tight-fit dowel system Compact, reliable, concealed, elegant Ductile (due to small diameter dowels)
Self-Tapping Screws Proprietary (SFS, GRK, Wurth, Heco, etc)
U t 1/2” di t t 24” l Up to 1/2” diameter, up to 24” long Self-tapping – no pre-drilling Fast and more reliable than North-American lag bolts Elegant, low profile heads
Sherpa Proprietary system from Germany
C i t f l i d t il ti f t d t th ti b Consists of an aluminum dovetail connection fastened to the timber with self-tapping screws
Fast erection Completely invisible
HBV system by TiComTec
Proprietary system from Germany Concrete – wood composite and wood to wood Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin
PROJECT EXAMPLESPROJECT EXAMPLES
Al t B C it C tAlert Bay Community CentreAlert Bay, BC
19981998
Pepperbridge WineryWashington
19991999
Ni l V ll I tit t f T h lNicola Valley Institute of TechnologyPhase I, Merritt, BC
19991999
Driving RangeLangley, BC
20012001
Saulteau Community CentreMoberly Lake , BC
20022002
Skeetchestn SchoolChase, BC
20032003
Prince George Airport Expansion – Phases I & IIPrince George, BC
20032003
Squamish Lil’Wat Cultural Centre Whistler, BC
20032003
Raleigh Durham Airport ExpansionNorth Carolina
20062006
Original Glued-in Rod Tail Connectiong Original King-Post Connection
BVD System by Bertsche
Proprietary system from Germany Proprietary system from Germany One of the strongest in tension Reliable, concealed, Tight-fit (appropriate for moment connections)
Extreme Tension Connection
First People’s HouseUniversity of Victoria
20072007
Marie Victorin Soccer StadiumMontreal, Quebec
20082008
Brace Details
GAPGAP
GAP
Bilder: Equilibrium Consulting Inc.
UBC – Earth Systems Sciences BuildingVancouver
20092009
ART GALLERY OF ONTARIO - Dundas Facade Toronto, Ontario
20062006
Questions?This concludes The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
J ERIC KARSH, PrincipalMEng PEng StructEng MIStructE ingMEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing
Wood Products Council 866.966.3448 info@woodworks.org
Also available from WoodWorks...
One-on-one Technical Support
The WoodWorks team includes technical advisors who are available to discuss specific issues and have theThe WoodWorks team includes technical advisors who are available to discuss specific issues and have the expertise to provide a wide range of architectural and engineering support.
If you have a project that requires technical expertise in wood design please contact a member of our field team in your region.
RISA Design Software Training
Learn how to design a complete structure in timber using the RISA building system software and current building codes. Interactive, fast-paced modules cover RISA-3D and RISAFloor modeling basics with an emphasis on wood design, as well as more advanced topics like interaction between RISAFloor and RISA-3D.
Common architectural & structural design details
Architectural drawings sorted by building element and available in several formats for wall floor and roofArchitectural drawings sorted by building element and available in several formats for wall, floor and roof types of wood construction, along with a collection of three types of common structural drawings.
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