learning disabilities lynn heasley spe3300. definition at least an average iq the trouble with iq...
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Learning DisabilitiesLynn HeasleySPE3300
Definition
At least an average IQ The Trouble with IQ Testing
Demonstrates discrepancy between ability and achievement
Demonstrates difficulty in the ability to understand written or spoken language (per IDEA) that may affect one or more of the following areas:
Listening Thinking Speaking Spelling
Reading Writing Math
Exclusions
Blindness or deafness Lack of opportunities to learn:
Poor teaching/leaning experiences Excessive absences Frequent moves Homelessness Dangerous living conditions Lack of value placed on learning Could be lack of exposure to English in
home Not due to significant behavioral issues
Characteristics Difficulties with:
Listening Reasoning Speaking Memory Attention Selecting and focusing on relevant stimuli Organization Perception and processing of visual and/or
auditory information
Characteristics
Reading problems Deficits in written language Underachievement in math Dystemia- difficulty with understanding
and using nonverbal social cues Attention deficits and hyperactivity Behavioral problems Executive Function Disorder
Reading
Dyslexia- a severe reading disorder What is a reading Disorder?1. Word recognition errors: Omissions,
insertions, substitutions, and reversals of words when reading orally
2. Problems with phonological awareness3. Trouble comprehending what’s read4. Lack of fluencyOnline Library for People With Print Disabilities
Some Reading UDL Options Readability
Microsoft training for built in accessibility
Reading and Writing Apps
Bookshare - Audio books for people with print disabilities
iPad Hacks from Codpast
Writing Dysgraphia Handwriting Spelling Productivity Text and sentence structure Word usage Composition Often feels overwhelmed Difficulty getting started and with fluency
Some Writing UDL Options Dragon Speak (speech to text software)
Kidspiration (organizational software)
Math Dyscalculia Procedural Problems – difficulty
understanding concepts and with sequencing and steps
Semantic Memory – difficulty remembering facts
Visual-Spatial Problems – difficulty reproducing numbers, transposing
Word Problems – if have reading disorder
Some Math UDL Options Tech tool kit PDF on Math and UDL Teach vocabulary Provide manipulatives Allow the use of calculators Simplify the worksheets visually Distributed practice Have students set goals and self chart
Memory Short-term – recalling information shortly
after it is presented Long-term – storing information permanently
for later recall Working Memory – 1. The part of short-term memory that is
concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing.
2. An area of high-speed memory used to store programs or data currently in use.
Some Memory UDL Options Vocab ahead Tape recording information and
directions Software programs to organize key
points Graphic organizers Mnemonic strategies Present using multiple modalities Incorporate Multiple Intelligences
Executive Functioning Organizing, prioritizing, processing
(working memory), finishing tasks without getting overwhelmed
Cognitive or mental flexibility – switching gears and adjusting to new routines, activities, perspectives (social conventions, place appropriate responses, staying on task vs. rigidity)
Regulation – emotional, behavioral, impulse control
Attention and focusSee more at: Executive Function and School Success
Some Organization UDL Options
Electronic organizers Software organization programs Audiotaping assignments Emailing assignments from school to
student’s home account Visual models and graphic organizers Planners for recording assignments checked
by teacher Online texts Organizational apps
Social Skills Research conducted by Dr. Kenneth
Kavale of the University of Iowa and Dr. Steven R. Forness of the University of California at Los Angeles indicates that:
as many as 70% of children with LD suffer from poor self-esteem and 75% have
social skills deficits. See more at: Psychological Problems
Rick Lavoie – Its So Much Work to Be Your Friend Why Teach?1. More likely to become involved in crime, get
caught and receive harsher penalties2. Same perceptual and processing difficulties that
cause academic difficulties cause the social skills deficits (NOT their fault or intentional)
The Four Key Social Skill Abilities:1. To join or enter a group2. To establish or maintain friendships3. To resolve conflicts4. To “tune in” to social skillsDo's and Dont's by Rick Lavoie
LD and Giftedness?Drs. Brock and Fernette Eide
Teaching Strategies Implement modifications/accommodations Appropriate use of diagnostic, frequent
formative, and summative assessment Immediate feedback Provide memory improvement strategies Use research proven programs to remediate Compensatory strategies to enhance learning
experience -allow strengths to shine constant positive reinforcement Provide visual and graphic organizers Incorporate models, demonstrations, role play
More Teaching Strategies Use multi-sensory instruction techniques Scaffolding Directly teach learning strategies Capitalize on strengths and interests Frequently check for understanding Provide specific support for organization Teach self-advocacy, problem solving, self-
management, goal setting, and understanding of disability
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