learning and memory (genpsych1)
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LEARNING andMEMORYGENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 1
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LEARNING
Any relatively permanent change in ehavi!r"a#ect and th!$ght% that can e d$e t!mat$rati!n" training" and e&perience'
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LEARNING
(YPES O) LEARNING*
1'In%ight+$l Learning
•. a,a'" Percept$al Learning
•. A type !+ learning that i% ac-$ired%p!ntane!$%ly y an !rgani%m .ith!$t anyhelp +r!m the envir!nment'
•. An /aha0 e&perience
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LEARNING
(YPES O) LEARNING*
1'In%ight+$l Learning
•.a,a'" Perceptual Learning
•.An /aha0 e&perience
'C!nditi!ning
•.a,a'" Associative Learning 2 %ince the mind
c!nnect% event% that !cc$r in %$cce%%i!n'
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LEARNING
(YPES O) LEARNING*
'C!nditi!ning
a'Cla%%ical
33 y Ivan Pavlov33 a ne$tral %tim$l$% elicit% a c!nditi!nedre%p!n%e thr!$gh repeated pairing%33 al%! ill$%trated a% stimulus substitution"%ince the $nc!nditi!ned %tim$l$% i%replaced .ith %!mething ne.'
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LEARNING
(YPES O) LEARNING*
'C!nditi!ning
'Operant
33 y Burrhus Frederick (B. F.) Skinner33 ehavi!r i% %trengthened .hen rein+!rced33 Law of Eect y Ed.ard (h!rndi,e4Learned helple%%ne%%
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LEARNING
(YPES O) LEARNING*
5'O%ervati!nal
•.a,a'" Social Learning Theory
•.6y Albert Bandura 7189:;
•.A per%!n learn% y .atching and imitating!ther pe!ple
•.Vicarious Reinforcement/Punishment
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LEARNING S(YLES
A per%!n
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LEARNING S(YLES
1'ENBIRONMEN(AL
33 %etting .here a per%!n learn% e%t
.S!$nd
.Lighting
. (emperat$re
.>e%ign
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LEARNING S(YLES
'EMO(IONAL
33 p!int% t! .hat in$ence% a per%!n t! learn
.M!tivati!n
.Re%p!n%iility
.Per%i%tence
.Str$ct$re
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LEARNING S(YLES
5'SOCIOLOGICAL
33 %etting .ith .h!m .e c!ncentrate e%t
.Al!ne
.Pair !r .ith a +riendD peer%
.Gr!$p !r (eam Learning Sit$ati!n
.E&pertA$th!ritative Ad$lt !r .ith a
C!lleag$e.Bariety
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LEARNING S(YLES
'PHYSIOLOGICAL
33 .hen and h!. .e phy%ically engage inlearning
. Inta,e. (ime !+ day
.M!ility
.Percept$al m!deo.Bi%$al
o.A$dit!ry
o.
=ine%thetic
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LEARNING S(YLES
@'PSYCHOLOGICAL
33 h!. learner% generally pr!ce%%in+!rmati!nidea%
.Analytical v%' Gl!al.Hemi%phericity
. Imp$l%ive v%' Reective
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1; t!ilet paper :; a !& !+ c!rna,e%
; t!mat!e% F; lett$ce5; a l!a+ !+ read 9; ice cream
; apple% 8; cat +!!d
@; ham$rger $n% 1?; %paghetti
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MEMORY
An active %y%tem that enc!de%" %t!re%" alter%"and retrieve% in+!rmati!n received +r!m theenvir!nment'
Stage%*
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MEMORY
Stage%*
1'ENCO>ING33 the pr!ce%% !+ getting in+!rmati!n int!
the rain33 ne$ral c!de%*
a'Bi%$al
'Ac!$%ticc'Semantic
d' (actile
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MEMORY
Stage%*
'S(ORAGE33 inv!lve% retaining in+!rmati!n !ver time
and creating a permanent rec!rd !+ it'5'RE(RIEBAL
33 rec!llecti!n !+ in+!rmati!n
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S(RC(RES !+ MEMORY
6y At,in%!n and Shrin 718:9;
1'Sen%!ry Mem!ry33 data pic,ed $p y !ne
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S(RC(RES !+ MEMORY
6y At,in%!n and Shrin 718:9;
'Sh!rt3(erm mem!ry33 .here the mind actively c!nnect% the ne.
in+!rmati!n .ith previ!$%ly learnedin+!rmati!n t! e m!re meaning+$l'33 a,a'" Working Memory
5'L!ng3(erm Mem!ry
33 relatively permanent %t!rage !+ in+!rmati!n33 c!ntain% the t!tality !+ everything !ne ha%learned
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(YPES !+ MEMORY
'N!n3>eclarative Mem!ry33 %t!red in+!rmati!n that pe!ple d! n!tp$rp!%ely rememer 2 m!t!r learning"
hait%" %,ill%" and c!nditi!ning33 a,a'" #mplicit/$ispositional/%on&!onscious"emory
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(HEORIES !+ )ORGE((ING
)ORGE((ING* re+er% t! the apparent l!%% !+in+!rmati!n that i% already enc!ded and %t!redin an individ$al
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(HEORIES !+ )ORGE((ING
5'>ecay33 mem!ry deteri!rate% .ith the pa%%age% !+time %pecially .hen an in+!rmati!n i% n!trepeatedly $%ed !r recalled33 a,a'" Theory of $isuse'
'M!tivated )!rgetting33 c!n%ci!$%ly l!c,ing mem!rie% that have
ca$%ed !r have the p!tential t! threaten"harm" !r emarra%% a per%!n'
a'S$ppre%%i!n
'Repre%%i!n
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E))EC(IBE S(>YING
1'=n!. One%el+ 'M$lti3Sen%!ry Meth!d
5'Ne$r!l!gical 6a%i%
'Meaning+$lne%%@'Active Learning
:'>epth !+ Pr!ce%%ing M!del 7Crai, L!c,hart" 18F;
F' (each 2 !oncept mapping
9'Mem!riJe
8')eedac,
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(HAN= YOK
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