latest developments in the production and use of high … · 2010. 6. 7. · 29/05/2008...

29/05/2008 Confidential 0

Latest Developments in the Production and Use of High Strength Structural Steels

ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections S.A.

May 28th, 2008Jean-Claude Gérardy – jc.gerardy@arcelormittal.com

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 1

Summary

1. Production of rolled sections2. Tailor - Made Beams3. HISTAR4. Applications

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 2

Universal rolling principle

Universalstand

Edger stand

Grey patent in 1902

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 3First 1 meter beam First 1 meter beam -- June 1911June 1911

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Ingot routeIngot route

Before 1950, structural steel grades were characterised by

• low mechanical characteristics (Re=210-320 MPa) • low toughness and ductility• poor weldability due to high CE values and nitrogen

content

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 5Today : no blast furnace anymoreToday : no blast furnace anymore

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 6

Electric Arc FurnacesElectric Arc Furnaces

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 7

and beam blanks castersand beam blanks casters

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 8Dog Bones Dog Bones –– Beam BlanksBeam Blanks

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Advantages of the EAF route versus the conventional integrated production route

(Luxembourg 1993/1998)

• Noise: Limitation of acoustic emissions to 45 dB

• Particles: reduction of 97%• Waste: reduction of 95%• Water: reduction of 50% • Energy: reduction of 55%

Sustainability

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 10

Historical Development

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000

100

200

300

400

500

600

S500M

TM-rolling

Classical rolling

Normalized or normalizing rolling

S460M

S355MS355NS355J2G3

yiel

dst

reng

th[ M

Pa]

Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

yiel

dst

reng

th[ k

si]

TM+AC/QST

S300

Production processes for hot-rolled steel products

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 11

1. Production of rolled sections2. Tailor - Made Beams3. HISTAR4. Applications

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 12

Tailor Made Beams - 1979

max.

min.

t f

w

max.

min.

t

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 13

heaviest JUMBOheaviest JUMBO

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1100 mm1100 mm(44(44”” ))

for bridgesfor bridges

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Tailor Made beams

Built Built -- upup Rolled SectionRolled Section

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Tailor Made beams

•• > 900 high> 900 high --rise buildings in the U.S.rise buildings in the U.S.

•• > 1500 high> 1500 high --rise buildings worldwiderise buildings worldwide

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 17

1. Production of rolled sections2. Tailor - Made Beams3. HISTAR4. Applications

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 18

Market in 1980

00 tftf (mm)(mm)

strengthstrength(MPa)(MPa)

500500

450450

400400

350350

300300

250250

2020 4040 6060 8080 100100 120120 140140

Satisfied marketSatisfied marketdemandsdemands

Not satisfied marketNot satisfied marketdemandsdemands

Satisfied marketSatisfied marketdemandsdemands

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 19

CE Values

ff

t = 10 mm

t = 10 mm

ff

0.70.7

0.50.5

0.30.3

0.10.1

00235235 355355 460460

500500

CE (%)CE (%)

Re (MPa)Re (MPa)

t = 140 m

m

t = 140 m

m

Classical TM

Classical TMlight sectionlight section

heavy sectionheavy section

too high CE too high CE valuesvalues

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 20

Layout of the GREY millLayout of the GREY mill

Pump housePump houseBreak downBreak down

Rolling millRolling mill

Intermediate millIntermediate mill

SawSaw

EAFEAF

Scrap supplyScrap supply

Reheating furnaceReheating furnaceLadle furnaceLadle furnace

CCCCCastingCasting

SawSaw

Finishing millFinishing millQSTQST

Selective coolingSelective cooling

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 21

Selective CoolingSelective Cooling

33ArAr

Classical rollingClassical rolling

TemperatureTemperature

Rolling with Rolling with selective coolingselective cooling

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 22Selective CoolingSelective Cooling

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QST ProcessQST Process

QST BankQST Bank

FinishingFinishingstandstand

QST Bank entryQST Bank entry850 850 °°°°°°°°C C QuenchingQuenching Self TemperingSelf Tempering

600 600 °°°°°°°°CC

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Self-tempering 600°°°°C

QSTQuenching

850°°°°C

QST ProcessQST Process

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 25

Rolled Sections - Grades

•• 235 MPa = S235 JR, St 37235 MPa = S235 JR, St 37 --2, Fe 360, A36 (245 MPa), Q2352, Fe 360, A36 (245 MPa), Q235

•• 275 MPa = S275 JR, 43B, 43C 275 MPa = S275 JR, 43B, 43C

•• 355 MPa = S355 JR, 50B, 50C, 50D, A572/50, A992/50, 355 MPa = S355 JR, 50B, 50C, 50D, A572/50, A992/50,

Q345Q345

•• HISTARHISTAR 355, A913 / 50 (345 MPa)355, A913 / 50 (345 MPa)

•• HISTARHISTAR 460, A913 / 65 (450 MPa)460, A913 / 65 (450 MPa)

•• HISTARHISTAR 355 TZK, OS (for offshore 355 TZK, OS (for offshore –– low temp.)low temp.)

•• HISTARHISTAR 460 TZK, OS (for offshore 460 TZK, OS (for offshore –– low temp.)low temp.)

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 26

Properties of HISTAR Steels

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 27

600

800

1000

1200

Ar3

Temperature(°°°°C)

recrystallisedaustenite

Ar1

Ferrite +Austenite

Ferrite + Perlite

Bainite

Martensite

Hot rolling TM rolling QST treatment

Sur

face

Quenching

GRAIN

DEFORMATION

time

HISTARR

Non-recrystallisedaustenite

time time

Inside

Comparison of rolling processesProduction of hot-rolled H-beams

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 28

Stress – Srain curveA913 Grade 450

flange thickness = 0.88’’ [22.5 mm]

Fy=68.5 ksi [473 MPa]

Fu= 86.4 ksi [596 MPa]

A200=22.0%, (A5d=25.9%)Str

e ss

[MP

a ]

Strain (%)

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 29

Charpy V Notch Charpy V Notch impact test impact test

(CVN)(CVN)

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A913 - HISTAR: Toughness

t /2t /2ff

500500

400400

300300

b/6b/6< 40 mm< 40 mm

Temperature for toughness Guarantee (Temperature for toughness Guarantee ( °°°°°°°°C)C)= Transition temperature= Transition temperature

Re (MPa)Re (MPa)

2020 00 --2020 --4040 --6060

Classical TMClassical TMClassical TMClassical TM

HISTAR (QST)HISTAR (QST)

2020 00 --2020 --4040 --6060

b/6b/6t /2t /2ff

< 125 mm< 125 mm

Re (MPa)Re (MPa)500500

400400

300300 Classical TMClassical TM

HISTAR (QST)HISTAR (QST)

Classical TM

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 31

ASTM A913 : Ductility

Bent test at 180Bent test at 180 °°°°°°°°Radius = 0Radius = 0

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 32

HISTAR : HD 400 x 1086 kg/m in A913/gr. 450HISTAR : HD 400 x 1086 kg/m in A913/gr. 450

No Preheat!No Preheat!

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 33

SMAW FCAW SAW SAWE= 12kJ/cm E= 8 kJ/cm E= 35 kJ/cm E= 50 kJ/cm

SMAW FCAW SAWE= 12kJ/cm E= 8 kJ/cm E= 35 kJ/cm

Bent test after welding : A913/gr. 450

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 34

HISTAR / A913 : Weldability

0.70.7

0.50.5

0.30.3

0.10.1

00235235 355355 450450

500500

CE (%)CE (%)

Re (MPa)Re (MPa)

13013070705050

> 0> 0

140 (mm)140 (mm)

1010

conventional g

rades

conventional g

rades

Preheating Preheating °°°°°°°°CC

40408080

CE (%) = C (%) + + CE (%) = C (%) + + ++MnMn (%)(%)

66(Cr + Mo + V) (%)(Cr + Mo + V) (%)

55(Cu + Ni) (%)(Cu + Ni) (%)

1515

1010

140140

HISTAR A913

HISTAR A913

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 35

Seismic Design

The typical connection used The typical connection used prior to 1994.prior to 1994.Severe stress concentrations Severe stress concentrations inherent in itsinherent in itsconfiguration were not configuration were not considered in the design.considered in the design.

Fractures Commonly Fractures Commonly initiate at the weldedinitiate at the weldedjoint of the beam bottom joint of the beam bottom flange to column.flange to column.

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 36

Seismic Design

Desired plastic frame behaviorDesired plastic frame behavior

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 37

Seismic Design

Many steel momentMany steel moment --frame frame buildings were damaged in buildings were damaged in

the 1995 Kobe earthquake.the 1995 Kobe earthquake.

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 38

Seismic Design

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 39

ASTM A913 : Through-thickness

earthquakeearthquake

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 40

450 MPa450 MPa

A91

3/gr

. 450

A91

3/gr

. 450

345 MPa345 MPa

Column flangeColumn flange

Beam flangeBeam flange

ASTM A913 : Through-thickness

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 41

Courtesy EQE InternationalCourtesy KMD architects

199 Fremont, San Francisco

Strong Column - Weak Beam Concept enhanced by R educed B eam Section (RBS)

Column: A913 Grade 450Beam: Grade 345

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 42

Comparison of Standards

ASTM A913/Gr. 450 A913/Gr.345 A572(A992)/G r.345Carbon Equiv. max. 0.43 % 0.38% 0.47 %(0.45 %)Carbon max. 0.14 % 0.12% 0.23 %Sulfur max. 0.030 % 0.030 % 0.045 %Copper max. 0.35 % 0.45 % 0.60 %CVN min. 54 J @ 21 °°°°C 54 J @ 21°°°°C No min.

30 % higher yield strengthAll at the same cost

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 43

HISTAR and the Codes• Tailor-Made beams ASTM A6 (1985)• ASTM A913 - Euronorms (1993)• AISC - ASD and LRFD (1996)• AISC –Seismic provisions 2002 (1997)• UBC 1997 (1997)• IBC 2003 (2000)• FEMA 350, FEMA 353 (2000)• AWS D1.1 -- Welding Code (1996)• NYC - Building Code (2001)• Approved in China (2004)

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 44

1. Production of rolled sections2. Tailor - Made Beams3. HISTAR4. Applications

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 45

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 46

ArcelorMittal loves NY

Hudson River View

NYU Palladium

Shearson Lehman

St. Luke’s Hospital

Citicorp

Mt. Sinai Hosp.

Time Warner

“Lipstick”

599 Lex.Worldwide

Plaza

750 Seventh Ave

Swiss Bank - Saks

1585 Broadway

Morgan Stanley

450 Lexington

New York Times

Loews Theater, 42 nd St.

Hilton, 42 nd St.

Times Square 4 (Conde Nast)

300 Madison (CIBC)

Times Sq. 5 (Ernst & Young)

420 Fifth Ave

Hutton Plaza

383 Madison (Bear S.)

Hearst

Sloan Kettering Hosp.

731 Lexington

1745 B’way (Random H.)

World Financial C.

WTC 7 Reconstr.

60 & 75 Wall Street

Baruch College

New York Skyline

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 47

Freedom Tower – New YorkArchitect: Skidmore, Owings&MerrillDeveloper: Silverstein PropertiesTotal building height: 541m~250 000m2 office floor

Typical applicationsSkyscrapers

First delivery of 850t of HISTAR jumbo sections for the structure of the basement (December 2006)

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 48

San Francisco skyline

Los AngelesBunker Hill Area

Typical applicationsSkyscrapers

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 49

Emirate Towers - Dubai

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 50

Gravity columnsGravity columns

Short bucklingShort bucklinglengthslengths

HISTAR 460HISTAR 460

MadridMadrid

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 51

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concrete coresconcrete cores

columns in columns in HISTAR 450HISTAR 450

BrusselsBrussels BarcelonaBarcelona

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Shanghai Shanghai World Financial CenterWorld Financial Center

ASTM A913ASTM A913

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 54

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Federation TowerFederation TowerPlot 10Plot 10

2/2/2007

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 56

Applications

•• BuildingsBuildings

•• Offshore platformsOffshore platforms

•• PlantsPlants

•• Parking garagesParking garages

•• BridgesBridges

•• TrussesTrusses

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 57

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Conversion from built-up sections to rolled sections

Lanxi Power Plant - China

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 60

Applications

•• BuildingsBuildings

•• Offshore platformsOffshore platforms

•• PlantsPlants

•• Parking garagesParking garages

•• BridgesBridges

•• TrussesTrusses

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 61

Long span : no internal columnsLong span : no internal columns

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 62

Applications

•• BuildingsBuildings

•• Offshore platformsOffshore platforms

•• PlantsPlants

•• Parking garagesParking garages

•• BridgesBridges

•• TrussesTrusses

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 63IstanbulIstanbul

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 64

Reduction in

weight of steel- 13 % 44 % 52 %

Type ofconstruction non-composite composite composite composite

Steel grade S 235 S 235 S 355 S 460

Section

H beam HE 650 A HE 550 A IPE 550 IPE 500

Reduction in

weight of steel- 13 % 44 % 52 %

Advantages of high strength steels in steel-concrete composite construction

Economical aspects of steel structures

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 65

108 m108 m

3000 tons ASTM A913/gr. 45035 % lighter than 345 MPaBoeing 777 in Seattle

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 66

Typical applicationsTrusses

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 67

Typical applicationsTrusses

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 68

Potential savings A913/gr. 450 gr. 24 5Potential savings A913/gr. 450 gr. 24 5

1010

2020

3030

4040

5050

%%

00

(Material)(Material)WeightWeight

Savings Savings

10 to

30

%10

to 3

0 %

Material Cost SavingsMaterial Cost Savings

10 to

50

%10

to 5

0 % Fabrication SavingsFabrication Savings

7 to

30

%7

to 3

0 %

MiscellaneousMiscellaneousSavings :Savings :ErectionErection

TransportTransportFoundationsFoundations

0 to

15

%0

to 1

5 %

Total SavingsTotal Savings

15 to

35

%15

to 3

5 %

13/06/2007 ArcelorMittal Commercial Sections 69

Thank you for your attention!

http://www.arcelormittal.com/sections