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Title Japan's Role in International Development Cooperation for Water Management
Author(s) Funamizu, Naoyuki
CitationSustainability Weeks 2009 Opening Symposium "International Symposium on Sustainable Development -Recommendations for Tackling the 5 Challenges of Global Sustainability-". Session 2, Toward the Expansion of anIntegrated Water Management System. 2 November 2009. Sapporo, Japan.
Issue Date 2009-11-02
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/40093
Type conference presentation
File Information 2-1Funamizu.pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
JST-JICA Research Project (2009-2014)
Améli-Eaur project
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Toward the Expansion of an Integrated Water Management
System
Naoyuki FunamizuHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Bangalore India
Well
Sewer
My topic today is
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Bangalore India
Well
Sewer
My topic today is
Why do we have to develop a new idea for water and sanitation ?
What is our role ?
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
How to attack the Cycle of Poverty?
Low Production
Water and SanitaionLess Food
Malnutrition
UnsanitaryEnvironmentPoor Hygiene
Cycle of Poverty
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
How to attack the Cycle of Poverty?
Low Production
Water and SanitaionLess Food
Malnutrition
UnsanitaryEnvironmentPoor Hygiene
Cycle of Poverty
Effect of Global warmingChange in Quality and Quantity
of water resourcesAcceleration of Cycle of Poverty
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
More than 1.2 million tons of fresh excreta deposited in the environment and water sources each day
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
To achieve the Millennium Development GoalsWater Supply and Sanitation 2000
ServedUnserved
Sanitation
Water
2.5 billion lack sanitary means for excreta disposal
>1 billion lack access to safe water
82%
60%
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
To achieve the Millennium Development GoalsWater Supply and Sanitation 2000
ServedUnserved
Sanitation
Water
2.5 billion lack sanitary means for excreta disposal
>1 billion lack access to safe water
82%
60%
Up to 5.5 billion people will be without sanitation by the year 2035, if sanitation provisions continue to be installed based on the current standards.
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Major Causes of Under-Five Mortality
ARI19%
Measles7%
Perinatal18%
Diarrhea19%
Other32%
Malaria5% Malnutrition
54%Largely due to poor sanitation,
hygiene & intestinal worm infections
Source: WHO 1995
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Popu
latio
n ( 1
000)
Year
Total population
sanitary treatment
Unsanitary treatment
How Japan has overcome the water-borne disease ?
By Prof. Magara
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Popu
latio
n ( 1
000)
Year
Total population
sanitary treatment
Unsanitary treatment
public water supply
public sewerage system
How Japan has overcome the water-borne disease ?
By Prof. Magara
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Popu
latio
n ( 1
000)
Year
Total population
sanitary treatment
Unsanitary treatment
public water supply
public sewerage system
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1960 1965 1970 19750
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
How Japan has overcome the water-borne disease ?
By Prof. Magara
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Economical Issues(Peter Wildere, 2002).
It becomes evident that the capacity of the global money market would not be sufficient to cover the need for investment capital for centralized system
The rehabilitation cost for the piping system in Germany is estimated to be in the range of 100 billion euros
The cost of the installation of the pipe system is almost one order of magnitude higher than the cost of building the treatment facilities
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Economical Issues(Peter Wildere, 2002).
It becomes evident that the capacity of the global money market would not be sufficient to cover the need for investment capital for centralized system
The rehabilitation cost for the piping system in Germany is estimated to be in the range of 100 billion euros
The cost of the installation of the pipe system is almost one order of magnitude higher than the cost of building the treatment facilities
Don’t collect
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Water ResourceDon’t collect
A significant amount of the drinking water is used as a means to transport the pollutants
Reuse wastewater by retaining water near the point of origin
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Resources in wastewaterAnnual discharge from one person
Nitrogen (N) 4.5 kg Phosphorus (P) 0.6 kg Potassium (K) 1.0 kg Organic matter (BOD) 35 kg
By Prof. Jensen
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Don’t Mix
Managing raw wastewater quality to recycle nutrients and to use simple treatment process
Appliance Volume COD NH4-N NO3-N PO4-P TSS
WC 31% 44% 97% 3.8% 80% 77%
Kitchen sink 13% 23% 0.3% 38% 9.4% 10%
Wash Basin 13% 1.7% 0.1% 11% 1.3% 2.1%
Bath 16% 2.5% 0.6% 15% 1.1% 1.3%
Shower 12% 6.4% 0.7% 25% 4.1% 5.1%
Washing machine 16% 22% 1.2% 7.6% 4.3% 4.0%
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Don’t Mix
Managing raw wastewater quality to recycle nutrients and to use simple treatment process
Appliance Volume COD NH4-N NO3-N PO4-P TSS
WC 31% 44% 97% 3.8% 80% 77%
Kitchen sink 13% 23% 0.3% 38% 9.4% 10%
Wash Basin 13% 1.7% 0.1% 11% 1.3% 2.1%
Bath 16% 2.5% 0.6% 15% 1.1% 1.3%
Shower 12% 6.4% 0.7% 25% 4.1% 5.1%
Washing machine 16% 22% 1.2% 7.6% 4.3% 4.0%
Don’t Mix
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Controlling micro-pollutants
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Feces Philia Culture vs Feces Phobia Culture
Feces Phobia Culture Feces Philia Culture
water water
food food
Surface water
Surface water
ground water
ground water
This figure is modified from Professor Kada’s original by Funamizu
Left over
Farm land
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Integrated approach for socialization of new system is essential
People willing to use the
New system
Economical IncentivesLow cost
Income from the system
Finance systemCentral, local government
Linkage to Agriculture
Nutrients and irrigation water: incentives
Local industry promotion
Assembling water and sanitation system and
O&M
DemonstrationPilot plants
Educationmedia, school, women groups
training course for professionals
Decision makingLocal community and
government
TechnologyLow cost, stable and
solid system
Organizationlocalities serving as pilot experimentation centre
O&M groupCommunity leaders
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
What kinds of systems we should consider for the different situations ? 1 US$/day/capita society10 US$/day/capita society100 US$/day/capita society
Rural, urban, slum areas
Technology should adapt to the social conditions and culture.
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Model for rural area in Japan
House
Gray water Membrane Bio-Reactor
MBRComposting
Toilet
FecesGarbage
Water
Urine
UrineTreatment
Compost
Agricultural Reuse
IrrigationFertilizer
House
Gray water Membrane Bio-Reactor
MBRComposting
Toilet
FecesGarbage
Water
Urine
UrineTreatment
Compost
Agricultural Reuse
IrrigationFertilizer
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Model for rural area in developing countries
家庭
Gray water
Soil Treatment
system
Compost
Agricultural reuse
Irrigation water
Low cost composting
toilet
FecesGarbage
Urine
Potable
Non-potable
Filtration
Well
家庭家庭
Gray water
Soil Treatment
system
Gray water
Soil Treatment
system
Soil Treatment
system
Compost
Agricultural reuse
Irrigation water
Compost
Agricultural reuse
Irrigation water
Low cost composting
toilet
FecesGarbage
UrineLow cost composting
toilet
FecesGarbage
UrineLow cost composting
toilet
FecesGarbage
Urine
Potable
Non-potable
Filtration
Well
Potable
Non-potable
FiltrationPotable
Non-potable
Filtration
Well
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Dr.Neni:7th Conference of the Asian Council of Science, Japan, 2007
Model for Urban Slum area in developing countries
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Dr.Neni:7th Conference of the Asian Council of Science, Japan, 2007
House
Water Fertilizer
NaturalTreatment
Irrigationwater
Urine
Gray water
Feces
Composting
Concentration
Model for Urban Slum area in developing countries
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Innovation cycle of technology
Element technology
System designEvaluation
Social system, institutionPublic acceptance
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Discrimination by gender, social and cultural aspects, handicap needs to be overcome by participatory approach.
We should give access to adequate education, income and health care to all the people.
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Improving Sustainable Water and Sanitation systems in Sahel
Region in Africa: Case of Burkina Faso
JST-JICA Research Project (2009-2014)
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Final goal of the Project
Contributing to the achievement
of the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) in water and sanitation
(1)Research(2)Capacity development(3)Socialization
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Summary
The role of technology: – Technologies and social,
institutional system should adapt to the social conditions.
– Water technology should be a resource recovery technology, not a treatment technology.
Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University
Summary The role of policy :
– Discrimination by gender, social and cultural aspects, handicap needs to be overcome by participatory approach.
– We should give access to adequate education, income and health care to all the people, and consider how to include the poorest of the poor.
– We should have the long term perspectives to how to adapt the change in developing countries from the society with one dollar per capita per day of GDP to the society with ten dollar and then a hundred dollar per capita per day.
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