knowledge management 2009 (1)
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INTRODUCTION
Knowledge Management 2009
Towards a Subjectivist View
Tim Hoogenboom Bolke de Bruin
Course
A subjectivist view on KMlearning
knowledge
practice based approachescommunities of practice
learning theoryorganizational
social
design for learning
identity
guest wrapup
examsoral
30
Not so fast...
Exploring the Main Topics
– Knowledge management
– Organizational learning
– Social Media
Today
An objectivist approach
A subjectivist approach
information
knowledge
Course background
Objectivist by default
No solid foundation for
Subjectivism Objectivism
Knowledge Management
Information Management
Discussion
If we were to find a workingdefinition for Knowledge
Management what would it be?
Management is gericht beinvloedenthat’s easy
Knowledge
individualistic disembodied learning is step-by-step process
a set of probability distributions
held by an agent
orienting his/her actions
Boisot 1999An objectivist perspective
Concrete
Abstract
Undiffused
Diffused
Cod
ifie
d
Un
cod
ifie
d
V-Min(Minimum value, maximum
diffusion, minimum structure)
E-max(maximum chaos, minimum order)
E-Min(minimum chaos, maximum order)
V-Max(maximum value, minimum
diffusion, maximum structure)
II
I
Boisot 1999An objectivist perspective
How do we ‘manage knowledge’?
V-Min(Minimum value, maximum
diffusion, minimum structure)
E-max(maximum chaos, minimum order)
E-Min(minimum chaos, maximum order)
V-Max(maximum value, minimum
diffusion, maximum structure)
Boisot 1999
An objectivist perspectiveHow do we ‘learn’?
Concrete
Abstract
Undiffused
Diffused
Cod
ifie
d
Un
cod
ifie
d
abstraction
problem solving
scannin
g
impacting
absorptio
n
diffusion
Objectivist view
Knowledge Managementright information
right person
right time
right place
individualz
collective
Let’s give that a thought!.. a little exercise
If knowledge
So…
…cannot be codified
…cannot be abstracted
the problem situation is wicked
Can knowledge be shared as an object?Or do we need another perspective?
No final solution
Many actors
No definitive answers
and
Learning to be free
het vermogen om onderscheid te maken
communities of practice
social learning
negotiated meaning
different interpretations
Kennis A subjectivist perspective
What is knowledge?
Different interpretations
Someone learns something that has potential value
More people learn more
More people develop different interpretaties
More people comprehend different interpretations
More people do
different things together
INF
OR
MA
TIO
NSY
STE
MS
KN
OW
LE
DG
EM
AN
AG
EM
EN
T
SYST
EM
S
SOC
IAL
M
ED
IA
SYST
EM
S
Collective learning
Huber 1999
A subjectivist perspective
How do we ‘learn’?
Organizational Learning
Learning is an individual process – no, it’s social tooLearning has a beginning and an end – no, it’s continuous and life-longLearning is best done in separate environments – no, in social practicesLearning is the result of teaching – no, learning is part of everyday life
Wenger
Wenger, E. (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, Cambridge University Press, Introduction: A social theory of learning
Positioning A Social Theoryof Learning
A Subjectivist Approach towards Knowledge Management
organizational discipline
to enhancethe capability
to differentiate
to learn
Organizational Learning
Huber, George P. (1991) Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Science, 2: 88-115.
learningin doing
learningby doing
com
mun
ities
of p
ract
ice
institutionalized
structures
BO
ISO
TW
EN
GE
R
Learning in Doing
Begrippenjacht
1 Wat zijn de kernbegrippen van Wenger?
2 Geef daarvan een strakke definitie!
Learning
Meaning
Identity
Practice towhat we do
historical and social contextproviding structure and meaning
what we do
nexus of membershipslegitimating
participation in practices
to negotiate meaningto belong
to participateenhancing ability
framing experienceseveryday life
to fitmind set
Community of Practicegroup of people
sharing passion or concern something they do learn to do it better
regularly interact
= Social?
But what is social … ?... to follow
... to associate
UTOPIA
undersocialized and oversocialized conceptions of human action
Exploring Social Media
Bouman, W., Hoogenboom, T., Jansen, T., De Bruin, B. & Huizing, A. (2007). The realm of sociality: Notes on the design of social software. Conference proceedings of the 28th ICIS. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Archetypical Manifestation
Information Systems
Knowledge Management Systems
Social MediaSystems
Archetypes of IT-based systems
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
Twea
kers
– T
ech
FA
Q
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
Go
og
le –
Sea
rch
En
gin
e
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
Min
ino
va –
Bit
torr
ent
Pla
tfo
rm
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
Las
t.F
M –
So
cial
Rec
om
men
der
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
Fli
ckr–
Ph
oto
Sh
arin
g P
latf
orm
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
KM
2009
– W
ord
pre
ss B
log
What is the manifestation of this IT-based system…
IT
Kn
ow
led
ge
Exc
han
ge
– F
oru
m
Archetypical Manifestation
Information Systems
Knowledge Management Systems
Social MediaSystems
System Rationale Informing Learning Belonging
Ontological Stance Hard systems thinking Dependant on knowledge metaphor(knowledge as an object versus knowledge as negotiated meaning)
Soft system thinking
Epistemological Stance Tame problems Predictable problems Wicked problems
Design logic Designing by drawing Designing as a process Designing without a product
Form Functionality driven Pre authorized paths of reasoning Dynamic, ‘unfolding’ objects
Function Improving information supply and exchange
Matching questions and answers (via expert logic)
Triggering sociality and social relations in practice
Patterns of Reasoning Technological deterministic Asynchronous presentation and representation of knowledge disembedded in time and space
Sociality driven around social objects
Actor Model Economic, Bounded rational actor Transactional, knowledgeable actor Social, Network embedded actor
Implementation strategy Blueprinted implementation Free choice adoption Socially triggered voluntary participation
Concept of Usability Being able to operate and to interact Content value and applicability Desirable in social context
Archetypes of IT-based systems
Relevancy
Wenger is relevant for Knowledge Management because he provides us with
a social learning theory
• a design framework to afford for learning
• building blocks of social configurations that
enable learning
Wenger, E. (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, Cambridge University Press, Epilogue: Design
Next week
Become knowlegeable on social media (that means join, look, participate)
Buy the book, if you already didn’t
Read chapters according to course description (on Blackboard)
ExpectationsHow did we do?
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