knowledge bases and trends in library resource management and access
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Knowledge Bases and trends in Library Resource Management and Access
An update on the current environment
Marshall BreedingIndependent ConsultantFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding
03 March 2014 NII ERDB Member Meeting
Agenda National Institute of Informatics ERDB (Electronic Resources Database) Summarize findings and analysis of the
current state of the OpenURL Link Resolver and Knowledge Base arena
General Observations Both commercially produced and
community-based projects underway Commercial products currently are more
comprehensive with more sophisticated support mechanisms
Commercial: Serials Solutions: 360 Link / KnowledgeWorks Ex Libris: SFX / SFX Global Knowledgebase EBSCO: LinkSource / OCLC: WorldCat knowledge base
Non-commercial Products and projects
Simon Frasier University: CUFTS / GODOT
Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries Gold Rush
Kuali OLE Project Global Open Knowledge Base (GOKb)
Related Initiatives KBART
More standardized approach for information providers to deliver representations of their content products to KB providers
Project Transfer JISC initiative for shared services for
electronic resource management KnowledgeBase+ Open Discovery Initiative
Specifically related to index-based discovery
Future Directions
Transition away from Standalone Products
Knowledge bases were originally developed for OpenURL link resolution
Increasing emphasis on knowledgebase as part of the infrastructure of broader strategic platforms
Ex Libris: SFX Global KnowledgeBase will become part of the Community Catalog of Alma
Serials Solutions: KnowledgeWorks will expand to include print and other materials in support of Intota
OCLC: WorldCat Link Manager already discontinued in favor of WorldShare License Manager, WorldShare Management Services
EBSCO: Platform consolidation already underway between LinkSource, EBSCO A-to-Z, and EBSCO Discovery Services. No announcement of broader strategy yet announced.
Emerging Automation Models New genre of Library Services Platforms replacing
Integrated library Systems Support for multiple formats:
Print and physical media Electronic: subscribed and owned Digital: local and external collections of images, digital
recorded sound, video Globally shared metadata models: knowledge bases
that support appropriate formats Deployed through multi-tenant software as a service
platforms Open API’s for interoperability and extensibility
Integrated (for print) Library System
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
Fragmented Library Management LMS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and local
government or other parent organization E-book lending platform (multiple?) Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Self-service and AMH infrastructure Electronic Resource Management PC Scheduling and print management Event scheduling Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool,
etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces`
LicenseManagement
LicenseTerms
E-resourceProcurement
VendorsE-JournalTitles
Protocols: CORE
Common approach for ERM
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Budget License Terms
Titles / Holdings
Vendors
Access Details
Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software
platforms for managing different types of library materials
ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Support for management of metadata in bulk Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before
publication
Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries
automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to
extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
Library Services Platform Characteristics
Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local
data stores Delivered through software as a service
Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management
MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX Bibframe New structures not yet invented
Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Consolidated index
Search Engine
Unified Presentation LayerSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
New Library Management Model
`API Layer
Library Services Platform
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Discovery
Service
Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldSha
re Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldSha
re Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Web-scale Index-based DiscoverySearch:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
…E-Journals
Reference Sources
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated Index
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
(2009- present)
Usage-generate
dData
Customer
Profile
Open Access
Profile of Library Subscriptions
Bento Box Discovery ModelSearch:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
E-JournalsSearch Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated IndexILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
Open AccessVuFind /
Blacklight
Evolving Role of Knowledgebases Shift from multiple knowledge bases for
different product categories to more consolidated approach Support infrastructure for electronic resource
management Basis for reference linking in broader end-user
access environment for scholarly content Basis for smart or direct linking within discovery
interfaces Basis for scoping for index-based discovery
services
Continuity in the short term All the vendors report that they will
continue to offer stand-alone linking products and knowledge bases in the short term
Product leverage Initial acquisition of link resolver and KB
Subsequent investment in discovery
Subsequent investment in new
automation products
Decision drivers In the past, link resolvers and their knowledge
bases were mostly independent decisions Today, knowledge bases and link resolvers are
mostly tied to discovery strategies. Many libraries are shifting to new resolvers to accommodate changes that they have made in discovery products. Using a link resolver from another provider may result
in the need to operate multiple knowledge bases. Difficult to synchronize
In the next cycle, knowledge bases will also be associated with new library management products.
Decision Drivers Today and in previous years link resolvers
were acquired on the basis of their functionality and knowledge base completeness
Increasingly the link resolver will come as components of broader systems.
Differentiation among knowledge bases will narrow as data becomes available more universally and consistently through KBART.
Open Access Knowledge Bases? Previous efforts of open access
knowledge bases have not been sustained JAKE
GODOT not competitive with current commercial offerings
Open access knowledge bases may pose more substantial competition Global Open Knowledge Base (Kuali OLE /
JISC) KnowledgeBase+
Commercial Products
ComparisonKnowledgeBase
SFX Global KnowledgeBase
KnowledgeWorks
LinkSource WorldCat knowledge base
Company Ex Libris Group Serials Solutions
EBSCO OCLC
Link Resolver SFX 360 Link LinkSource None (OCLC Link Manager withdrawn)
A-Z utility SFX A-Z list 360 Core EBSCO A-to-Z
WorldCat Local includes integrated A-Z listing capability
MARC Delivery Service
MarcIt 360 MARC Update Service
MARC Updates service
Pilot project
Discovery Service
Primo Summon EBSCO Discovery Service
WorldCat Local
Electronic Resource management
Verde 360 Manager
ERM Essentials
WorldShare License Manager
Library Services Platform
Alma Intota None WorldShare Management Services
Comparison
KnowledgeBase
SFX Global KnowledgeB
ase
Knowledge
Works
LinkSource
WorldCat knowledge
baseLaunched 2000 2003 2003 2006
Support FTE for KB
29 12 29 8
APIs Full APIs to support other
interfaces
None now, but in
2012-13 roadmap
None Through WorldShare
Platform
Number of installations
2350in 62
countries
973 3000+Recent
licensing changes makes
LinkSource available to all libraries using
A-Z
301
Comparing Comprehensiveness and Quality
Assessment of the scope of the products cannot be accomplished based on numerical comparisons
Numbers provided by each supplier not comparable
Process for how libraries localize their implementation for materials not covered differs
Quality and consistency as reported by supplier sometimes not entirely consistent with library perceptions
Library Survey Conducted a survey completed by over 500 libraries
using link resolvers Questions
How do you rate the overall performance of the Link Resolver and its Knowledge Base?
How do you rate the performance of the link resolver in its effectiveness of connecting users to appropriate copies of electronic resources?
How do you rate the comprehensiveness of the knowledge base relative to the number of e-journals and other electronic resources held by your library?
How do you rate the accuracy of the knowledgebase in representing electronic resources?
How do you rate the promptness in which errors reported by libraries are corrected in the knowledge base?
How do you rate the tools offered for the library to configure and administer the knowledge base and link resolver?
Ex Libris SFX & Global KnowledgeBase
First to acquire and commercialize OpenURL link resolvers (Feb 2000)
Promoted OpenURL 0.1 as a de facto standard and OpenURL 1.0 as a NISO Standard
SFX Global KnowledgeBase Most Installations worldwide Many new customers associated with ongoing
sales of Primo and Alma Some erosion of customers to Serials Solutions
Serials Solutions KnowledgeWorks and 360 Link KnowledgeWorks a core product of Serials
Solutions Emerged from E-Journal lists Original ArticleLinker became 360 Link Multi-tenant software as a service for all products Uses both automated processes and human
intervention to maintain KB Created Summon as the first index-based
discovery service Recently announced Intota as its comprehensive
library management product
OCLC WorldCat Knowledge Base Originated from the 1Cate product
acquired from Openly Informatics Integrated into the WorldCat platform Basis for WorldCat Link Manager No longer a separate utility but provides
the link resolution functionality of WorldCat Local
Part of the underlying infrastructure of WorldShare License Manager
EBSCO LinkSource and Knowledge Base
EBSCO uses SmartLinks to create direct links within the EBSCOhost environment
LinkSource provides link resolution to content outside EBSCO products
Very large number of libraries use EBSCO A-to-Z Recent product license changes makes
LinkSource available to any library subscribing to A-to-Z
Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries Gold Rush
Lower-level product Smaller knowledge base with fewer
automated processes for updates and management
Lower cost
Simon Frasier University: CUFTS GODOT
Open source link resovler Open access knowledge base
Maintained primarily by technical services group at Simon Frasier University
TrueSerials offers commercial subscriptions.
Kuali OLE: Global Open Knowledge Base (GOKb)
Proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Submitted Jan 4, 2012 (Recently Approved) $498,621 requested for 1-year project April 1 2012 – March 31, 2013
Collaboration between JISC and KualiOLE Lead institution: North Carolina State
University Principal Investigators:
Susan Nutter (NCSU) Rachel Bruce (JISC)
Broad Objectives Create an community supported
knowledge base that can be used by multiple projects for the management of electronic resources
Initially for JISC and Kuali OLE, but also for other institutional and commercial uses
Hosted on a platform built on open source software Deployed at multiple host sites (Initially
Europe and US) Data and services delivered through open
API’s
Addresses current problems Insufficient data regarding publishers and
providers; simplistic representation of relationships among content and provider roles
Absence of identifiers for entities in the supply chain
Inadequate normalization of data across or within systems
Inability for libraries to openly access and repurpose data within current knowledge bases
Inability to track changes over time of any given title or other entities over time
Global Open Knowledge Base goals
A repository of high-quality metadata about the electronic resources and their representation across the supply chain from publisher to licensor to library vendor to library customer, including representation of marketing and packaging constructs as defined by the suppliers;
the ability to track changes to product entities and their associated organizations over time;
an open services platform that will enable libraries and others to employ that data in local systems.
Quoted form the proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Data needed for Electronic Resource Management1. Publications & their packaging - E-resource titles and
their associated packages and platforms as supplied by a given publisher or provider, associated with brief descriptive metadata, such as subject terms and identifiers
2. Actors - Information about organizations and their role in the supply chain (publisher, provider, licensor, subscriber)
3. Terms - Information about licensing, terms of acquisition, use and ongoing access
4. History - The historical record of changes in such as titles and organizational roles, against which license terms and institutional entitlements can be recorded
5. Local entitlements (holdings) - typically date ranges (in various formats) and statements about embargoes if applicable and access information (URL)
Quoted form the proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Proposed Solution Bill of Materials data model
used in engineering and manufacturing sectors
Data for item can be exploded into constituent parts
Ensure compatibility with open linked data expectations through RDF data modeling
Relational RDMS as fallback
Data Elements Organization. Institutional entity with a role in the supply chain.
Elements: Names, roles (publisher, provider, licensor, vendor, subscriber), administrative information about organizations.
Standard numbers. Identifiers for the journal title. Elements: ISSN, e-ISSN, ISSN-L, DOI
Collection (combination). A branded set of titles instances offered by a provider. Elements: Names, title IDs, internal identifier.
Title instance (component). A title as supplied by a given licensor. Elements: Names, identifiers, base URLs, terms under which a title is offered
("status"), entitlement offered Platform. A software solution for hosting journal title instances.
Elements: Names, internal identifier. Model license agreement. Terms of acquisition and use for a deal or
titles instances as offered by the provider and prior to local negotiations. Elements: Document, coded values, deal ID, title instance IDs, internal ID.
Quoted form the proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
License for GOKb Science Commons Protocol for
Implementing Open Access Data http://www.sciencecommons.org/projects/p
ublishing/open-access-data-protocol/ Open Data Commons Public Domain
Dedication and License (ODC-PDDL) Creative Commons CC0 waiver
Sustainability and Data Maintenance
Project will produce initial population Develop ongoing methods of updates
KnowledgeBase+ develop a centralised, shared,
above-campus knowledge base of data useful to electronic resources management (ERM) at institutional level
provide institutions, and the services they use, with timely, accurate, verified and structured ERM information, including e-resources publication, licensing, subscription and entitlements data
extend and enhance existing data and services rather than creating yet another silo
SCONUL Society of College, National and
University Libraries Funded a 2011 project to analyze use
case process in UK Higher Education instiutions
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