kit – university of the state of baden-wuerttemberg and national research center of the helmholtz...

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

www.kit.edu

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Management ofManagement ofWaste Incineration Waste Incineration

ResiduesResidues

2nd SYNERGIA Forum June 10, 2010, Athens

National Hellenic Research Foundation

J. VehlowInstitute for Technical Chemistry -Thermal Waste Treatment Division

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

flows of solid masses in a MSWI plant in kg

MSW1000

filter scrubberfurnace / boiler

7 – 152 - 5

150 – 250

20 – 40(dry)

12 – 18(wet withouteffluents)

0,5 - 2(wetwith effluents)

< 0,05

Fe 20 - 50

non Fe 5 - 15

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

minerals in bottom ash

glass

gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7)

iron oxide (Fe3O4)

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

selected elements in bottom ash and lithosphere

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

German standards for landfilland utilisation

DIN EN 12457-4

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

TOC in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)

day 1

day 2

day 3

day 4

day 18

day 19

day 20

day 21

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

TOC in wt %

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

PCDD/F in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)

day 1

day 2

day 3

day 4

day 18

day 19

day 20

day 21

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

PCDD/F in grate ashes between 1985 and 2005

soil

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

PC

DD

/F i

n n

g(T

E)/

kg

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

10000.0

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

DIN EN

12457 - 4

metals

pH influence on heavy metal leaching

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

pH

log

(c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

)

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

pH reduction by aging

day 1

day 2

day 4

day 18

day 19

day 20

day 21

9 10 11 12 13 14

pH in eluate

fresh aged

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

pH influence on leaching of Pb

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

treatment of bottom ash for utilisation (Hamburg)

utilisation

(source: Zwahr 2005)

storage formaturing

beltscale

>10 mm

airclassifier

beltscale

tofurnace

sieve10mm

<10 mm

raw ash

sieve32mm

magneticseparation

eddy currentseparation

ferrousscrap

<32 mm

nonferrousscrap

impactcrusher

magneticseparation

eddy currentseparation

sieve32mm

ferrousscrap

nonferrousscrap

>32 mm

>32 mm

disposal

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

DEV S4 results of 26 bottom ash samples

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

DIN EN 38414-4 leaching of various materials

Cr

Ni

Cu

Zn

Pb

0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation

bottom ash rec. concrete gravel

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

bottom ash treatment for quality improvement

filter APCboiler

• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

DEV S4 leaching of treated grate ashes

Ni

Cu

Zn

Pb

0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation

aged sintered fused

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

bottom ash management in selected EU countries

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

selected pollutants in bottom and filter ash

PCDD/F

concentration in mg/kg (PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg)

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

filter APCboiler

• solidification• stabilisation• vitrification• leaching/sintering• asphalt filler• salt mine backfilling• central storage for future mining

boiler and filter ash management options

• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

boiler filt

er

1.

sc

rub

be

r

2.

sc

rub

be

r

Hg recovery

extraction

heavy metal recovery

liquid

extrusion

binder

grate ash+ 3R product

scheme of the 3R Process

J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION

conclusions

bottom ashes - can be utilized as building material e.g. in road construction- secondary treatment pays only if a high quality of the

products can be achieved

fly ashes - disposal depends on local conditions - inertisation processes are developed- storage for future mining

gas cleaning strategy- should be selected according to the best residue disposal

option