kingdom protista (protist)

Kingdom Protista (protist)Kingdom Protista (protist)

If you look at a drop of pond If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see "little creatures" you see swimming around areswimming around are protistsprotists..

All protists have a nucleus and are thereforeAll protists have a nucleus and are therefore eukaryoticeukaryotic. .

Protists are either:Protists are either: plant-like,plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like. animal-like or fungus-like.

Plant-like protists:Plant-like protists: are are autotrophsautotrophs – –

they contain chloroplasts andthey contain chloroplasts and make their own food.make their own food.

Animal-like and fungus-like Animal-like and fungus-like protists protists areare heterotrophsheterotrophs Eat their food from the Eat their food from the environmentenvironment

Animal – like Animal – like ProtistsProtists

ProtozoansProtozoans

ProtozoansProtozoans are are animal-like protistsanimal-like protists ((heterotrophsheterotrophs)) grouped according grouped according to how they move.to how they move.

Protists that are Protists that are HeterotrophicHeterotrophic

All protozoa digest their All protozoa digest their food in stomach-like food in stomach-like compartments called compartments called vacuolesvacuoles

They can beThey can beclassified into threeclassified into threegeneral groups general groups based on how they based on how they move.move.

The first group:The first group: These are These are amoeboid…amoeboid…

Amoebae ooze along by Amoebae ooze along by means of means of pseudopodiapseudopodia (false feet) engulfing food (false feet) engulfing food as they go.as they go.

Amoebae live in water or Amoebae live in water or moist places.moist places.

They have a cell They have a cell membrane but no cell membrane but no cell wall.wall.

psuedopods

The second group is theThe second group is the Flagellates Flagellates generally the smallest of the protozoagenerally the smallest of the protozoa have one or several long, whip-like have one or several long, whip-like

projections called flagella poking out projections called flagella poking out of their cells.of their cells.

It is a flagellate in the intestines of It is a flagellate in the intestines of termites which enable them to eat termites which enable them to eat wood. Both organisms benefit…..what wood. Both organisms benefit…..what kind of relationship do they have?kind of relationship do they have?

GiardiaGiardia

The 3rd group of The 3rd group of protozoansprotozoans are are the the ciliatesciliates

These are generally the largest These are generally the largest protozoa. protozoa.

They are covered with hair-like They are covered with hair-like projections called projections called ciliacilia

they eat the other two types of they eat the other two types of protozoa as well as bacteriaprotozoa as well as bacteria..

Ciliates are found in every Ciliates are found in every aquatic habitat.aquatic habitat.

The last of the ProtozoansThe last of the Protozoans

These are parasitic and These are parasitic and nonmotile.nonmotile.

For example……For example……

Plant – like Plant – like ProtistsProtists

Plant-like protists arePlant-like protists are algaealgae.. are eukaryotic are eukaryotic autotrophs.autotrophs.

They form the foundation They form the foundation of Earth’s food chains.of Earth’s food chains.

They produce much of They produce much of Earth’s oxygen.Earth’s oxygen.

Members of plant like Members of plant like protists include: protists include:

Euglena are Euglena are autotrophsautotrophs since they make food since they make food from sunlightfrom sunlight

Red eye spot!!

The second unicellular algae, The second unicellular algae, BacillariophytaBacillariophyta, are , are photosynthetic autotrophs.photosynthetic autotrophs.

They have shells of silica.They have shells of silica.

They make up a large portion They make up a large portion of the world’s phytoplankton of the world’s phytoplankton which is Earth’s largest which is Earth’s largest provider of oxygen.provider of oxygen.

DIATOMS

The third unicellular algae, The third unicellular algae, DinoflagellataDinoflagellata, are a major , are a major component of marine phytoplankton.component of marine phytoplankton.

These algae have at least two These algae have at least two flagella set at right angles to each flagella set at right angles to each other and thick cell walls made of other and thick cell walls made of cellulose plates.cellulose plates.

Blooms of dinoflagellates cause “Blooms of dinoflagellates cause “Red Red TideTide.”.”

MulticellularMulticellular algae are classified by algae are classified by color.color.

RhodophytaRhodophyta are red seaweeds. are red seaweeds.

They are found in warm or cold They are found in warm or cold marine environments along coast marine environments along coast lines in deeper water.lines in deeper water.

They absorb green, violet, and blue They absorb green, violet, and blue light waves. These light waves are light waves. These light waves are able to penetrate below 100 meters. able to penetrate below 100 meters.

Phylum PhaeophytaPhylum Phaeophyta is made up of the is made up of the brown algaebrown algae..

They are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts.They are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts.

Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex brown Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex brown algae. They have hold fasts and air bladders.algae. They have hold fasts and air bladders.

The last of the multicellular algae are the The last of the multicellular algae are the green algae from thegreen algae from the Phylum chlorophytaPhylum chlorophyta..

Most green algae are found in fresh water Most green algae are found in fresh water habitats.habitats.

A Volvox is a hollow boll composed of hundreds of flagellated cells in a single layer.

Chlamydomonas are actually unicellular and flagellated.

Fungus-like protists, Fungus-like protists, MyxomycotaMyxomycota and and OomycotaOomycota are decomposers. are decomposers.

Phylum Phylum MyxomycotaMyxomycota are made up of are made up of plasmodial slime molds.plasmodial slime molds.

Phylum Phylum OomycotaOomycota is made up of is made up of water molds and downy molds.water molds and downy molds.

Slime MoldsSlime Moldshave traits like both have traits like both fungi and animalsfungi and animals. .

Water molds are classified as protists Water molds are classified as protists because they have flagellated because they have flagellated reproductive cells.reproductive cells.

Downy mildews parasitize plants and Downy mildews parasitize plants and are decomposers in freshwater are decomposers in freshwater ecosystems.ecosystems.