karachi2 tcm
Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Alan Doherty Linlithgow Academy ( photos )Malcolm McDonald Bathgate Academy
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Karachi Management of Urban Change
APPLICATIONManagement of urban change
Population growth,industry,housing,services,quality of lifeand inequalities which arise in
a city in the developing world
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ARABIAN
SEA
LYARI
RIVER
MALIR
RIVER
0 Scale
North Karachi
Korangi
SITE
Industri al
Mohammed
Nagar
Defence Housing
Lyari
Orangi
Li aquat
Land Use in Karachi
Shanty towns
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How many people in Karachi ?1833 Small fishing village
14000 Size of Bathgate !!!1941 Industrial development436000 Size of Edinburgh1951 In-migration from India
12900001991 ( Afghanistan civil war )
8.5 million Scotland = 5million
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How do katchi abadis grow ?
Older Katchi Abadis -Lyari 600000Migrants from countryside
Getting more densely packed
No planning at all
Filling up empty spaces
Building on roof
Services are acquired
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How do katchi abadis grow ?
Illegal subdivisionsDallal acquires land
Sub lets to slum dwellers
Arranges water supplies
Protects residents from eviction
Once big enough it is safe
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How do katchi abadis grow ?
Organised InvasionsPoorer people cant pay rent
Pick out a site
Occupy it in the evening
Build houses on it at night
Try to prevent demolition
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What are the houses like ?
Very temporaryMade of reedsAnd wooden poles
TemporaryMore wood
ProlongedConcrete bricks
Semi permanentPlastered walls
Permanent
Can add extra storey
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Inequalities ?DEFENCE HOUSING
Architect designed
Car owners
Water 2 hrs per day
Water use = 10%For 0.5% population
LYARI Katchi AbadiPoor quality diy
Walk to work
Water standpipe
or water bowser
Public toilets
garbage not
collected
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Solutions Success or Failure ?IRP
Improvement and Regularisation Programme
Survey of all unauthorised katchi abadis to
see if they could be improved.
Secure land tenure
Improvement of public utilities
Development of a financial plan
FailureNot enough cash
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Solutions Success or Failure ?OPD
Open Plot Development
Residents build own houses
WORKSHOPS
HEALTHCENTRE
80 sqYDS
SCHOOL
WATER SUPPLY
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
WORKSHOPS
Community facilitiesPublicutilities
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Solutions Success or Failure ?UWD
Utility Wall Development
Limited success
very few built
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Solutions SuccessORANGI Katchi Abadi
In NW Karachi home of 1,000,000 shanty dwellers
Diseases like typhoid, malaria,diarrhoea,dysentery scabies
Many live 5 to a room
20% of babies dont reach their first birthday
Karachi Development Corporation cannot
organise services..... no taxes paid by many residents
1500 people died in riots in 1995-96
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Solutions SuccessORANGI PILOT PROJECT
In 1980 the OPP began, to try to develop andimprove basic services, particularly sanitation.
The residents are managing, financing, operating
and maintaining an underground sewerage system.Installation of septic tanks between each toiletand the underground sewage pipes
Residents have collected over 1.2 million
Literacy rates up from 35% to 70%
Infant mortality fallen from 130 per 1000 to 37
SUCCESS
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Karachi Skyline
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Street in Karachi
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Laundry
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Brickworks
B l
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Bowser water lorry
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Water queue
G b d
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Garbage dump
K hi b di h i
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Katchi abadi housing
D f h i
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Defence housing
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Mobile home ?
U f t
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Use of water
Middl Cl h
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Middle Class house
Middl Cl h ith d
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Middle Class house with garden
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