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© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 1
ABB solar invertersConnecting large scale solar to the South African grid
Jyrki Leppänen, Power Conversion, ABB Tech Days, Johannesburg, South Africa, May 2013
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 2
Connecting large scale solar to South African gridAgenda
Photovoltaic markets and systems
Challenges and opportunities for solar inverters
ABB portfolio for solar energy
PVS800 central inverter
PVS800-MWS megawatt station
Inverter features – grid support
Solar inverter example cases
Large scale – what does that mean?
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 3
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPhotovoltaic markets and systems
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 4
Photovoltaic markets and systemsWorld market – annual installed PV capacity
Average growth during last 10 year has been appr. 50% per year
Grid connected systems dominating (95% 2011)
Large central power plant have increased share
Top 5 markets 2012: Germany, China, Italy, USA and Japan (appr. 70% of the markets).
MWp
Inspite of global economic situation solar market continued growth 2012. New emerging markets and Asian market increase share.
Source: EPIA, Photon, various sources
Total solar market appr 100 b$
0250050007500
1000012500150001750020000225002500027500300003250035000375004000042500450004750050000
Photovoltaic marketsCost and efficiency of Photovoltaics
0
5
10
15
20
2578 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2011
2012
cost efficiency
Module price(EUR/Wp)
Efficiency,crystalline (%)
Source: Photovoltaics in 2010, EU Directorate-General for Energy and Photon
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 5
Photovoltaic markets and systemsCost reduction by mass production
Mass productionTechnological improvements
GRID PARITY = The point at which the solar produced electricity price equals or is lower than the retail price of the electricity
Source: EPIA, Photon
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 6
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 7
Photovoltaic markets and systems Development of system cost
Balance of system components cost share is increasing
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 8
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridChallenges and opportunities
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 9
Challenges and opportunitiesLoss breakdown of large PV power plant
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 10
Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - requirements
Higher efficiency
Higher DC input voltages
More strick tolerances for DC side disturbances
Lower harmonics and grid disturbances
Smaller size
Recyclable materials
Grid support (passively and on command).
active and reactive power compensation
LV ride through (with current feeding)
Load control (in favour of on site consumption)
Load leveling (battery strorage)
Lower investment cost
Increased reliability
Longer lifetime (lower system lifetime cost)
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 11
Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - solutions
The next generation grid feeding inverters could be with:
New materials for power semiconductors: (e.g. Silicon carbides, Gallimium Nitride)
Multiple-level switching topologies
Modular multi-inverter construction
Industrial design with increased protection against environmental stresses
Efficiency race is coming to an end and other requirements lead the development
Focus will be more on total yield: reliability, serviciability
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 12
Challenges and opportunitiesShare of lost production
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 13
Challenges and opportunitiesCost of downtime
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 14
Challenges and opportunitiesTransformers
Latest Dry type transformer technologies with:
amorphouse metal core
matching of transformer and inverter characteristics (harmonics, temperatures)
optimized over-all construction
Resulting
higher Euro efficiency
very low no load losses.
environmental sound and safe construction
Optimized solar transformers
Load
Efficiency
ABB DryUltra Basic 99 Plus standard
Eff at nom. P 99,25 99,05 99,2 98,8Max Eff (%) 99,54 99,54 99,36 99,10EURO Eff (%) 99,39 99,35 99,15 98,81NLL (W per MW) 850 700 1700 2500Annual energy gain (%) 1,57 % 1,62 % 0,84 %
ABB Eco Dry
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 15
Challenges and opportunitiesPV electricity cost
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 16
Challenges and opportunitiesPV electricity cost – comes down to the bankability
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 17
Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - solution
In order to meet these challenges you need:
Reliable and long lasting industrially designed product
Product that is serviciable
Service and maintenance concepts and contracts
Spare part availability – logistics and stocking
Product capable of meeting todays and future grid codes
And a local technically capable organization to support all these
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 18
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridABB portfolio for solar energy
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioSolar inverter offering
Remote monitoring portal
Monitoring systems(string monitoring etc.)
Solar inverter PC tools(sizing and product selection)
Solar inverter services© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 19
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 20© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 20
Scope and application: 100 – 1000 kW non-isolated
inverters for large multi-megawatt solar power plants
High total performance with realibility and serviciability
Product highlights: High total performance -
high efficiency with low auxiliary power consumption and reliability
Advanced grid support functionality -extensive grid code compatibility with adjustability
Proven technology platform - high reliability and long operating life
Compact state of the art industrial design - low space requirement and fast & easy installation with serviciability
All-in-one design with extensive DC and AC side protection - ensuring maximum uptime of the plant
Lifecycle service and support through ABB’s extensive global service network -rapid support anywhere in the world
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioCentral inverters, PVS800
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 21© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 21
Scope and application: Complete 1 and 1,25 MW turn
key solution for multi-megawatt power plants in one package
Compact all ABB solution with reliability and performance
Product highlights: All ABB - proven and reliable components
Compact and robust design -transportability
High total efficiency - high return of investment
Modular and serviciable system -reduced downtime
One supplier - Global life cycle services and support secured
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioMegawatt station, PVS800-MWS
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 22
Product highlights: High total efficiency - high return of
investment
All-in-one design with built-in and monitored protection devices – reduced system cost
High maximum input voltage with wide input range – flexibility for system designers
Detachable control unit with intuitive user and service interface - fast and easy commissioning
Grid support – compatibility with grid codes
Power balancing with i2i link - 3-phase system configurations possible
Outdoor enclosure, with IP55 protection
Scope and application: 3.3 - 8 kW single phase
transformerless outdoor inverter for residential and small commercial and industrial building applications up to few hunders of kWp system size.
All-in-one solution with easyness and user friendliness
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioString inverters, PVS300
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 23
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioRemote monitoring portal
Scope and application: Remote monitoring portal for ABB
central and string inverters from very medium sized systems up to multi-megawatt plants.
Centralized solution with easiness, scalability and safety
Product highlights:
Internet browser accessible solar portal
All the database transactions are fully secured
Easy reporting and trend analysis
Centralized monitoring of sites
Easy connectivity from almost any PC and mobile device with internet browser
Alarms and reports to e-mail
Secured and permanent data storage during whole plant life time
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioPC tools - PVSize
Target group ABB technical support and sales
System integrators and plant developers
Product highlights: ABB solar inverter product selector for
site and solar array specific conditions
Output prediction with balance of plant losses and for different solar array configurations
Scope and application: Design tool for solar power
systems using ABB PVS series solar inverters
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 24
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 25
ABB solar inverters - product portfolioSolar inverter services
Service portfolio for ABB solar inverters: Solar inverter care contracts
Commissioning support
Training (e-learning, class rooms)
Technical support
Spare parts
Preventive maintenance
On-site repairs
Workshop services
Upgrades & Retrofit
Response time
Global presence and life cycle management: Presence in 60+ countries with around 1000
service people
The best service practices applied to solar inverters learnt with 20 years experience in managing the life cycle of its numerous drives product families
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 26
ABB portfolio for solar energyABB product range for MW power plants
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 27
ABB portfolio for solar energyABB products range for solar trackers
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 28
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPVS800 central inverter - highlights
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 29
ABB central inverter, PVS8001000 kW product example
DC input section (customer specific) 8 busbar inputs fuses Overvoltage protection Fuses EMC filter DC grounding (optional)
Inverter section Inverter modules 3 pcs Output filter module (LCL) 3 pcs
AC output section Contactor EMC filter Disconnector Fuses Output connections
Auxiliary controls sectionAC output DC input
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 30
ABB central inverter, PVS800R8i Inverter Modules – most widely used platform
Since 2003, ABB has delivered over 200.000 pieces R8i inverter modules which are used in ABB
Frequency converters (ACS800)
Wind turbine converters (ACS800)
Solar inverters (PVS800)
R8i is the most widely used inverter module in the world and is backed up with ABB continuous development and life cycle service network
ABB central inverter platform is based on this world leader power converting platform delivered so far over 100 GW globally
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 31
ABB central inverter, PVS800Modular and compact design
Inverters are made from a portfolio of HW and SW building blocks
DC-AC inverter modules
L-C-L output filter modules
Standard size cabinets and other mechanical hardware
Standard control electronics and control SW
Any power rating can be produced by scaling the “length” of the cabinet
Easiness of maintenance – reduced dowtime
Reduced harmonics (L-C-L)AC Plug typeConnection
DC busbarConnection
DC BusCapacitors
Cooling Fan
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 32
ABB central inverter, PVS800Easiness of maintenance
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 33
ABB central inverter, PVS800Extensive electrical protection included – all in one
All-in-one concept
DC side: type 2 surge protection
dc fuses
dc-contactor (always open when not modulating)
EMC filter
dc-switch - manually operated
AC side: varistor surge protection as standard
type 1 surge protection as an option
fuses
contactor (always open when not modulating)
ac-switch - manually operated
Integrated protection and separation. Always when not modulating, double galvanic separation between dc and ac. Triple operational separation (ac contactor - IGBT - dc contactor)
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 34
ABB central inverter, PVS800General design of the inverter and connection
DC input section Inverter section AC output section
MV grid
PV module field
PV module field
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 35
ABB central inverter, PVS800Inverter basic offering
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 36
ABB central inverter, PVS800Flexible DC input field - extendable
Installer and service friendly DC input cabinet design: DC input (DCU) cabinet design with 4 inputs
in each cabinet.
Extendable in multiples of 4 up to 12 or 16 pcs in 875/1000kW models.
Easiness of installation with safety and cost effectiveness:
Stepwise positioning
Spaceous design
4 DC input section with additional 4 inputs resulting 8 DC inputs (width 2 x 40 cm)
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 37
ABB central inverter, PVS800Warranties and services
Extended warranties up to 10 years
ABB solar inverter care contracts up to 20 years (increments of 5 years)
Preventive care
Complete care
Supported with ABB’s global presence
ABB’s trained and knowledgeable service organization
ABB’s training courses
Spare part availability and stocking
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 38
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPVS800-MWS megawatt station - highlights
ABB Safering Switchgear
ABB dry type transformer
ABB central inverters
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 39© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 39
ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWSOverview
All-in-one solution 1 MW and 1,25 MW Insulated steel framed housing with concrete
foundation
2 x PVS800 central inverters
ABB dry type transformer
ABB Safering MV switchgear
Accessories
Product highlights: All ABB - proven and reliable components
Compact and robust design - transportability
High total efficiency - high return of investment
Modular and serviceable system – reduced downtime
One supplier - Global life cycle services and support secured
Metalframe
Lifting handles
Cable entrys
Concrete foundation
Air outlets
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 40© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 40
ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS Overview
Hot dip galvanized light weight steel frame with concrete foundation
Air cooled system with thermally insulated inverter compartment
Separate compartments for inverter, transformer and medium voltage switch
MV and transformer compartment, non walk-in
Inverter room, walk-in
Foundation can serve also as spill reservoir for the transformer
Transportation and lifting with normal truck crane: dimensions and weight
Integrated double stage air pre-filtering
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 41© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 41
ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS Transformer
ABB vacuum cast coil dry type transformer
Optimized for low losses and compatibility with PVS800 inverter in solar applications
1000 kVA or 1250 kVA
20000 kV
static shield
high CM voltage withstand
1000 kVA / 1250 kVA No load losses: 1750 / 2500 W
Load losses: 10500 / 13500 W
Max efficiency: 99,1
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 42© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 42
ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS MV switchgear
ABB Safering, SF6 insulated switchgear for secondary distribution.
Widely used worldwide in secondary distribution.
Standard configuration DeV with REJ603 protection relay suitable for single container solutions or star connection in multiple container solution.
CCF and CCV versions for other configurations
3
3
3
3
MWS 1: PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20
MWS 2: PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20MV grid
connection
20 kV
20 kV
20 kV
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 43© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 43
ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS 2 MW inverter station
Structure: 20 Feet HC sea container
Inverters: 2 pcs of PVS800 1000 kW with 12 DC inputs allowing 80 cm service area betweeninverters.
Product highlights:
Proven and industrial design –maximizing the return of investment
Compact and robust design - for easy and safe transportation
Easy connection to a MV station –simple cable acces and interfaces included in the inverter
Protected working environment –serviciability and maintenance
Standard design - extendable manufacturing footprint
Embedded auxiliary power distribution system
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 44© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 44
ABB central inverter housingsLocal solutions – example from Gulf area
ABB Drives outdoor design for desert installation:
Robust Certified IP55 protection class
Forced air cooling as standard, no special AC required
Each with 2 sets of 630 kW PVS800 back to back
Dimensions 3,8 x 2,0 x 3,1 m
50mm thick insulated structure Steel hollow section framed sandwich panels filled with fire rated PU foam
Cooling air flow 5800 m3/hr
∆T less than 1ºC
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 45
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridInverter features – grid support
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 46
Inverter features – grid supportGrid supervision
PVS800 SW has the grid supervision function included. No external relay needed.
Two stage voltage and frequency limits with separate time delay.
>>U, <<U, >>f, <<f
>U, <U, >f, <f
Each trip level with own trip delay value
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 47
Inverter features – grid supportAnti-islanding
Conventionally solar inverters must stop operation in case of grid malfunction. This is secured by grid monitoring with
Allowed grid voltage and frequency windows with certain time limits
In case of weak grid the standard ranges might have to be widened
Anti-islanding (mixture of active+passive):
passive methods:
Voltage phase deviation detection
3rd harmonics voltage detection
Frequency rate of change detection
active methods: Frequency shift
Active Current detection
Reactive current detection
Load deviations
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 48
Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions
New regulations are required gradually due to high penetration of renewable energy in the distribution networks. Inverters must be able to support voltage and frequency to sustain network stability. The new functionalities supporting this include among other ones the following:
LV ride through – supports network during a disturbance
LV ride through with current feeding –dynamically supports network during a disturbance
Reactive power control – supports network voltage
Active power control – supports network frequency control
Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - LV ride through
LV ride through –supports network during a disturbance:
Inverter does not trip even under serious grid faults
Requires a robust and dynamic controller to deal with transients and voltage distortion
Back-up power for the inverter control circuits against loss of control power supply but also against transients
Borderlines of voltage profile at network connection point (allowed lower limits).
Below the blue line inverters
do not have to stay connected
Note: U means the lowest of the three line-to-line voltages
Limit 1: Above Limit 1 no instability allowed nor disconnection
May 2, 2013
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 49
Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - LVRT with current feeding
LV ride through with current feeding – dynamically supports network during a disturbance
Full reactive current is fed in couple of milliseconds after voltage dip to support network voltage
Requires a robust and dynamic controller to deal with transients and voltage distortions
Back-up power for the inverter control circuits against loss of control power supply but also against transients
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 50
Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - Reactive power control
Reactive power control - supports network voltage (capacitive or inductive reactive power)
Reduces grid infrastructure (i.e. capacitor banks)
Maximum reactive power limited to 80%, short term maximum is 100%
For reactive power provision will be specified either
a fixed target value or
a target value variably adjustable by remote utility control
adjustable as %, kVAr, phi or Cosphi
Control can be done during operation by utility command or automatically with voltage measurement within adjustable range and functions (rate of change, etc)© ABB Group
May 2, 2013 | Slide 51
Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions - Active power control
Active power control - prevent domino effect of PV plants shutting down during high voltage or high frequency scenarios or in case of grid unstability
E.g. The plant must be able to reduce the active power at steps of 10% of nominal connection power to target preset values (e.g. 100%, 60%, 30% and 0%).
Utility is responsible for control signalling
Automatic possible also with parameterized characteristic curve
Active power control levels as function of frequency
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 52
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 53
Inverter features – grid supportAdvanced grid support - Energy storage
In high solar and wind penetration areas subsidies moving from pure FITs into local consumption supporting FITs or time dependant FITs in order to support the grid. This will lead to:
PV system sizes to be relative to load of the building or district
Load control
Time shifting with batteries: short term peak shaving – minutes of battery long term peak shaving – hours of battery
balance between cost and benefit –price of electricity dependant
Grid stabilization is another topic!
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kWh
Time (h)
Production ‐ Consumption, week average/100m2
1kWp Production, 6,64kWh taken from the grid
2kWp Production, 5,29kWh taken from the grid
4kWp Production, 4,49kWh taken from the grid
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4kWp Production ‐ Consumption (week average/100m2) and storage
1kWh Storage, 3,49kWh taken from the grid
2kWh Storage, 2,49kWh taken from the grid
4kWh Storage, 0,24kWh taken from the grid
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 54
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridSolar inverter example cases
World-class solar inverter technology Global coverage – totally appr. 1000 MW sold
Mexico, 1,2 MWIndustrial building
Argentina, 26 kWCommercial building
South Africa, 31 MWpPower plant
Taiwan, 475 kWpCommercial building
Japan, 2 MWPower plant
China, 10 MWPower plant
Bulgaria, 50,6 MWpPower plant
UK, 4.99 MWpPower plant
Italy, 3 MWpPower plant
Germany, 19,5 MWpPower plant
India, 17 MWPower plant
Romania, 7,5 MWpPower plant
Finland, 181 kWpIndustrial building
Greece, 5,9 MWpPower plant
Australia, 266 kWpCommercial building
Thailand, 5 MWpCommercial PV system
© ABB
02 May 2013 | Slide 55
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 56
Bulgaria, Popeda: 50,6 MWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 50,6 MWp
Application: ground-mounted power plant
Grid connection: 110/20 kV grid
Solar modules: cSi
Solution
PVS800: 86 pcs 500 kW
Locally manufactured 2 MW housings with 2 x 1000 kVA transformers, 20 kV swithcgear and 4 inverters
20/110kV step-up substation and rehabilitation of surrounding 110kV grid
Service contract for maintenance
Commissioning June 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: Investor looking for reliable supplier with local presence
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 57
India, Mithapur: 17 MW PV plant
System description
PV plant: 17 MWp
Application: ground mounted power plant
Grid connection: MV grid
Solar modules: poly-csi
Solution
34 pcs of PVS800-0500kW-A
ABB’s string monitoring junction boxes with SCADA system
Commissioning: January 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: An EPC and power company that was looking for reliable supplier with local presence
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 58
Germany: 13,1 MWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 13,1 MWp section of 91 MWp plant
Application: ground mounted power plant
Grid connection: 20 kV
Solar modules: poly-csi
Solution
9 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1250kW-20
Skytron monitoring system
Commissioning: December 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: a large plant developer and system integrators looking for reliable supplier with rapid response and local presence
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 59
UK, Malmesbury: 4,99 MWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 4,99 MWp
Application: ground mounted system on an old World War II RAF airfield
Grid connection: 33 kV
Solar modules: mono-csi, HEE 250 Wp
Solution
PVS800: 10 x 500 kW
ABB integrated inverter and MV components housing
ABB switchgear
ABB MV main substation
Commissioning: July 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: Experienced solar developer, builder and operator focused on security, plant efficiency and profitability.
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 60
Australia, Harvey bay: 266 kWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 266 kWp
Application: Hospital roof-top system
Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V
Solar modules: mono-cSi
Solution
PVS300: 26 x 8 kW and 12 x 4,6 kW
ABB metering and low voltage products
Commissioning: July 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: Queensland Health wanting to reduce the bought energy of the hospital in Harvey Bay
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 61
Taiwan: 9,68 kWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 9,68 kWp
Application: sloping roof system on office building
Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V
Solar modules: cSi
Solution
PVS300: 3 x 3,3 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters)
Commissioning: November 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases
Customer: Company investing on solar for green image
© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 62
Switzerland, Mont Soleil: 555 kWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 554,6 kWp
Application: ground mounted
Grid connection: MV grid
Solar modules: mono-cSi
Solution
1 pcs 500 kW (prototype)
Commissioning: January 1992
Extensively Monitored over 20 years
Still operating
ABB solar inverter example cases
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 63
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridLarge scale – what does that mean?
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 64
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridWhat is large scale?
Many small systems close to consumption point Medium sized systems at the consumption point
Large systems far away from consumption
Which one of these or combination of all?
- whose busines?
- whose problem? Or is there any problem?
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 65
Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridWhat utilitities have to consider for grid stability? An example
Romania
Serbia
MacedoniaTurkey
Greece
Black Sea
Technologies or methods for gridoperators to manage the high levels of renewable energy production
cross border exchange
demand side management
balancing markets
improved instruments and measurements
grid extensions
Eventually new powerplants and/orenergy storages needed
The weaker the grid the morecarefull considreations needed
BULGARIA
Territory – appr. 110 000 km2
Population – 7,4 million
Three main utilities: EON, CEZ, EVN
32 substations (400/220/110 kV, 400/110 kV, 220/110 kV): 16817 MVA
257 substations (110/20/10/6 kV): 16817 MVA
2011-2012 appr. 500 MW new PV
Connecting large scale solar to the South African grid Beyond grid parity – what is needed – smart grids
Technology: concepts Smart metering Energy storing Electric vehicles Smart grids High voltage direct current transmission
Policy: actions Feed in tariffs and support means well designed Clear regulations Effective administration supporting distributed power generation Time of use billing and metering
Markets: co-operation Standards Utility involvement Architectural and land development
Central powerplant
Offices
Houses
Storage
MicroturbinesFuel cells
Industrial plantsWind turbines
Virtual powerplant
CHP
PV power plant
Central powerplant
Offices
Houses
Storage
MicroturbinesFuel cells
Industrial plantsWind turbines
Virtual powerplant
CHP
PV power plant
Source: Epia, Eurelectric/Fortum
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 66
© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 67
ABB Solar invertersSummary
Grid parity is close share of solar power increases
Solar modules are becoming commodity price pressure on Balance of System Components
Higher share of intermittent power and especially smaller systems inverters need to become smart and part of the power production network
ABB has complete offering for PV systems supported by local presence, experience and service ABB is your solar partner
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