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April 18, 2023 1
E-Gov and the Federal Enterprise Architecture
Presentation to the Ontolog Forum
Marion A. Royal
November 06, 2003
April 18, 2023 2
The Federal Enterprise Architecture is a business-focused framework
• The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is providing OMB and Federal agencies with a new way of describing, analyzing, and improving the Federal Government and its ability to serve the citizen
• The FEA will eliminate the organizational obstacles that have historically hindered improvement without forcing reorganization
• The FEA is a business-focused approach and is not just for IT
• The FEA provides a common framework for improving a variety of key areas:
- Budget allocation- Horizontal and vertical information
sharing- Performance measurement and
budget/performance integration- Component Based Architecture
- Cross-agency collaboration- Improved service to the citizen- e-Government- Process integration- Call center convergence- and more
Citizen Centered:Business Line Focus:
April 18, 2023 3
Business Reference Model (BRM)• Lines of Business• Agencies, Customers, Partners
Service Component Reference Model (SRM)• Capabilities and Functionality• Services and Access Channels
Technical Reference Model (TRM)• IT Services• Standards
Data Reference Model (DRM)• Business-focused data standardization • Cross-Agency Information exchanges
Bu
sin
ess-D
riven
Ap
pro
ach
Performance Reference Model (PRM)
• Government-wide Performance Measures & Outcomes• Line of Business-Specific Performance Measures & Outcomes
The Federal Enterprise Architecture will drive consolidation and transformation
Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)
Com
pon
en
t-Based
Arc
hite
ctu
re
April 18, 2023 4
What Will the FEA Reference Models Do?
• Provide consistent definitions and constructs of the business, performance and technology of the Federal Government.
• Serve as a foundation to leverage existing processes, capabilities, components and technologies to build target enterprise architectures.
• Facilitate cross-agency analysis and the identification of duplicative investments, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration within and across Federal Agencies.
April 18, 2023 5
The Lines of Business of the Federal Government, independent of the
agencies
Services for
Citizens
Mode of
Delivery
Support Delivery
of Services*
Management of
Government Resources
Legislative Relations
Public Affairs
Regulatory Development
Planning and Resource Allocation
Controls and Oversight
Revenue Collection
Internal Risk Mgmt and Mitigation
Government Service Delivery
Direct Services for Citizens
Knowledge Creation and Mgmt
Public Goods Creation and Mgmt
Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement
Financial Vehicles
Federal Financial Assistance
Credit and Insurance
Transfers to States &
Local Gov’ts
Financial Management
Human Resource Management
Supply Chain Management Administrative Management
Information and Technology
Management
Defense and National Security
Homeland Security
Intelligence Operations
Law Enforcement
International Affairs and Commerce
Litigation and Judicial Activities
Correctional Activities
Environmental Management
Natural Resources
Disaster Management
Community and Social Services
Economic Development
Workforce Management
General Science and Innovation
Education
Energy
Health
Transportation
Income Security
General Government
Services for
Citizens
Mode of
Delivery
Support Delivery
of Services*
Management of
Government Resources
Legislative Relations
Public Affairs
Regulatory Development
Planning and Resource Allocation
Controls and Oversight
Revenue Collection
Internal Risk Mgmt and Mitigation
Government Service Delivery
Direct Services for Citizens
Knowledge Creation and Mgmt
Public Goods Creation and Mgmt
Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement
Financial Vehicles
Federal Financial Assistance
Credit and Insurance
Transfers to States &
Local Gov’ts
Financial Management
Human Resource Management
Supply Chain Management Administrative Management
Information and Technology
Management
Defense and National Security
Homeland Security
Intelligence Operations
Law Enforcement
International Affairs and Commerce
Litigation and Judicial Activities
Correctional Activities
Environmental Management
Natural Resources
Disaster Management
Community and Social Services
Economic Development
Workforce Management
General Science and Innovation
Education
Energy
Health
Transportation
Income Security
General GovernmentGeneral Government
Page 5
Version 2.0 of the BRM includes:
• 4 Business Areas• 39 Lines of Business• 153 Sub-functions
Version 2.0 of the BRM includes:
• 4 Business Areas• 39 Lines of Business• 153 Sub-functions
April 18, 2023 6
Regulatory Management
Support Deliveryof Services
Policy and Guidance Devel.Public Comment TrackingRegulatory DevelopmentRule Publication
Knowledge MgmtCRMContent MgmtCollaborationSearchPortalPersonalization
BusinessReference Model
( BRM )
Rule Publication
Service ComponentReference Model
( SRM )
Technologies
Platforms J2EE .NET Windows NTData Mgmt ODBC JDBCBusiness Logic
TechnicalReference Model
( TRM )
Performance Reference Model (PRM)Outcomes, Measurements, Metrics
Business lines and functions
Supporting technologyand standards
Enabling capabilities, components, and services
Component-Based Architecture
Service Layers Service Types Service Components
Data and Information Reference Model (DRM)Classification, Categorization, XML, Sharing
The FEA is being constructed through a set of inter-related “reference models”
Page 6
April 18, 2023 7
FEA Common Process ViewBackground – Development Drivers
• BRM has not been sufficiently built-out to provide the needed level of detail on work performed
• Agency approaches to process level definition, decomposition, and depiction vary greatly
• Limits ability to create meaningful linkages to performance, data, components, IT infrastructure, and security & privacy controls – within and across Agencies
• Constrains analysis of Federal lines of business and cross-Agency IT investments
• Impedes identification of opportunities for reform and transformation
April 18, 2023 8
FEA BRM HierarchyFocus on Decomposition to the Process Level
Lines of Business
Lead Processes
Sub-Functions
Internal Functions
Business Areas
Line ProcessesSub-Processes
ActivitiesTasks
Process Definition,Decomposition, and Depiction
Level 0
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Level 4Level 5Level n
Business Value Chain
• Line of Business (BRM)• Owner & Sponsor• Performance (PRM)• Stakeholders• Roles & Responsibilities• Resources
- work force- Components (SRM)- IT infrastructure (TRM)- other assets
• Location• Information Transactions &
Exchanges (DRM)• Interfaces & Dependencies• Timing• Controls
- governance- business rules- entry & exit conditions- Security & privacy
Process Attributes
Agency Level of DetailWill not be addressed by the FEA
April 18, 2023 9
Preliminary ApproachDetermine Path from Processes-Patterns-Components
DetermineBusinessPatterns
Define andDecompose
Business Processes
IdentifyApplication
Patterns
SelectService
Components
Reuse orDevelopSolutions
Select, Configure,
and IntegrateProducts
Process TypesProcess Attributes
Business PatternRecognitionQuestions
Application PatternRecognitionQuestions
Process Types• Management Processes• Core/Mission Processes• Support Processes
Process Attributes• Line of Business (BRM)• Owner & Sponsor• Performance (PRM)• Stakeholders• Roles & Responsibilities• Resources
- work force- components (SRM)- IT infrastructure (TRM)- other assets
• Location• Information Transactions
& Exchanges (DRM)• Interfaces & Dependencies• Timing• Controls
- governance- business rules- entry & exit conditions- Security & privacy
Reference Architectures• Architectural Patterns• Design Patterns• Analysis Patterns
Business Patterns• Self-Service• Collaboration• Information Aggregation• Extended Enterprise• Access Integration
Patterns
• Application Integration• Patterns• Application Patterns• Runtime Patterns
• Directory• Registry• Repository
• Composite Patterns
April 18, 2023 10
Sec
uri
ty &
Pri
vacy
Dir
ecto
ry, R
epo
sito
ry, R
egis
try
Ap
plic
atio
ns
Info
rmatio
n E
xchan
ge
Secu
rity & P
rivacy
Su
bjects &
Sch
ema
Security & Privacy
Interoperability
Standards & Specifications
Process
DefinitionDecomposition
Depiction
Security &
Privacy
Metrics &
Indicators
Measures
Security & Privacy
Context & ConditionsWorkflow
Perform
ance Reference M
odel
(PRM)
Business Reference Model
(BRM)
Ser
vice
Co
mp
on
ent
Ref
eren
ce M
od
el
(SR
M)
Technical Reference Model(TRM)
Data R
eference M
od
el
(DR
M)
Object ModelingUML, MOF,Meta-Model
Object ModelingUML, MOF,Meta-Model
Reusable Patterns &Components
Preliminary ApproachDefine Process Attributes
Reusable Patterns &Components
April 18, 2023 11
Data & Information Reference Model
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
Information Exchange
Subject Area
Super - Type
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
Information Exchange Information Exchange
Subject Area
Super - Type
Subject Area Subject Area
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Super Type
Identifies a major topic of concern to the government such that
various lines of business perform activities to address related issues and needs -
A set of ideas, abstractions or things in the real world that ca n be identified with explicit boundaries and meaning, and whose properties and behavior follow the same rules 2
A peculiarity common to all members of an object class 2
type), from a controlled word list 2
Data that is generated by or required by a Unit Of Work and is subsequently passed to another unit of work
Identifies a conceptual category of data entities with the intent of accommodating mappings to similar data groupings currently defined by government agencies.
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
Information Exchange
Subject Area
Super - Type
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
Information Exchange Information Exchange
Subject Area
Super - Type
Subject Area Subject Area
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Super Type
Data Object Data Object
Data Property Data Property
Data Representation Data Representation
Information Exchange Information Exchange
Subject Area
Super - Type
Subject Area Subject Area
Super - Type
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
Information Exchange
Subject Area Subject Area
Super - Type
Subject Area Subject Area
Data Object
Data Property
Data Representation
DATA ELEMENT
BUSINESS CONTEXT
Super Type -
2
2
Describes how the data is represented (value domain + data 2
BUSINESS DATA FLOW
Information Exchange Package
April 18, 2023 12
DRM Ownership/Stewardship
Subject Areas
Information Exchange
Data Object
Data Property
Definition Ownership Stewardship(defines) (owns) (manages)
FEA-PMO/Agencies FEA-PMO FEA-PMO/AIC
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry
* Thousands of data elements have already been defined within ISO 11179 that the Federal Government can adopt / take advantage of
DataRepresentation
Super-Types FEA-PMO/Agencies FEA-PMO FEA-PMO/AIC
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Subject Areas
Information Exchange
Data Object
Data Property
Definition Ownership Stewardship(defines) (owns) (manages)
FEA-PMO/Agencies FEA-PMO FEA-PMO/AIC
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry
* Thousands of data elements have already been defined within ISO 11179 that the Federal Government can adopt / take advantage of
DataRepresentation
Super-Types FEA-PMO/Agencies FEA-PMO FEA-PMO/AIC
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies/
Industry/ISO*
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
Communities of Practice/Agencies
April 18, 2023 13
Component Life Cycle
AIC Subcommittees
(AIC SC)
Develop Capabilities
Identify Gap
Maintain, Update, Retire
UsePublish
Certify
Register Components
AIC SC CIO OMB
Component Life Cycle
Approval Process
AIC SC
Recommend/Mandate
April 18, 2023 15
Purpose of Process Analysis
• We want to encourage groups of process owners to answer two questions together
• How alike are these processes?• How are these processes related?
April 18, 2023 16
Process Likeness and Relationships
• Identity – same purpose and outcome, stakeholders, inputs, outputs, major activities, and performance attributes
• Shared customer – linked purposes, different outcomes, parallel stakeholder relationships, sometimes links between activities, and potentially shared performance attributes
• Structural – different purposes, similar outcomes, parallel stakeholder relationships, same type of inputs and outputs, parallel major activities, and similar performance attributes
• Linked – shared purpose and outcome, same owner but other stakeholders may be in different roles, output of one process an input to the other, different activities, likely shared performance attributes
• Facing – connected purposes and symmetric outcomes, different owners with each owner a key stakeholder in the other process, key output of one process a key input of the other, different activities but some mirroring is likely, and performance attributes are meaningful in at least one direction if not both directions
April 18, 2023 17
Performance Attributes
• Outcomes• Duration• Cost per occurrence• Conditions of satisfaction
– Process behavior– Rules passed/compliance– Assessment
April 18, 2023 18
Input and output types
• Document/Report• Record• Message• Physical product• Event (mostly input)
April 18, 2023 20
Types of process information
• Demographic – name(s), purpose and outcome, owner, key stakeholders, performance attributes
• Gross discriminators – input, output, major activities
• Fine discriminators – input and output type, relationships to other processes, flows between major activities
April 18, 2023 21
Level 0 Questions
• Who is the chief beneficiary of this process? Who cares chiefly about the outcome? Who must be satisfied for the process to be considered to have completed successfully?– Citizen (G to C)– Business (G to B)– Employee (G to E)– Other government (G to G)
• Is the chief beneficiary performing the major activities? Is the process responsive to the actions of the chief beneficiary? If yes, self-service.
April 18, 2023 22
Level O Questions – continued
• If someone other than the chief beneficiary of the process is performing some of the major activities, is the chief beneficiary interacting extensively with that other stakeholder? Is the chief beneficiary receiving communications and making choices during the process? If yes, collaboration.
• If someone other than the chief beneficiary of the process is performing all or most of the major activities, is that stakeholder drawing primarily on internal or external information? If internal, information aggregation. If external, extended enterprise.
April 18, 2023 23
Business Patterns
• Self-service: chief beneficiary performs major activities and has significant impact on the process outcome
• Collaboration: two or more stakeholders interact extensively to achieve a joint outcome
• Information Aggregation: a performer other than the chief beneficiary of the process draws mostly on capabilities within his or her organization
• Extended Enterprise: a performer other than the chief beneficiary of the process draws substantially on capabilities from outside his or her organization
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