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July, 2019
Welcome
1
July, 2019
Welcome
1
Evaluating the effects of pruning and plant spacing on the production of bell pepper
(Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions
By: R. Barhoe. B.Sc. & L. Ori, Ph.D
55th CFCS Annual Meeting
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
July 8, 2019
Paramaribo, July 2018
2
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Introduction
Problem Statement
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
3
INTRODUCTION
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) also
knows as Sweet pepper, belongs to the family
Solanaceae
In Suriname, bell peppers are cultivated in
various vegetable areas, including
Saramacca, Weg naar Zee and Commewijne
4
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In Suriname farmers often use small plant spacing when
cultivating bell peppers, whereby plants do not fully develop
and therefore do not not produce optimal
Most farmers also do not prune bell pepper plants
Experimentation with larger plant spacing and pruning
technique will increase bell pepper production and will provide
information and insights to farmers of bell pepper production
in both greenhouse and open field conditions
5
PURPOSE
Compare the production of bell pepper in
Suriname under greenhouse conditions using two
plant spacing and a pruning technique
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OBJECTIVES
1. To compare the effect of two plant spacing on the
production of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
2. To compare the effect of pruning on the production
of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
3. To determine the yield among various treatments
on bell pepper production
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METHODOLOGY Preliminary study
-Field study: Interviews
-Laboratory study: Soil sampling
Experimentation
-Field preparation and experimental layout
-Planting process
-Crop management
Statistical analysis
Observation and measurements
Data collection
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In the sub-blocks the treatments were:
Treatment 1: no pruning with a plant spacing of 35 x 35 cm (control plot)
Treatment 2: no pruning with a plant spacing of 45 x 45 cm.
Treatment 3: pruning with a plant spacing of 35 x 35 cm.
Treatment 4: pruning with a plant spacing of 45 x 45 cm.
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X X X
X X X
X X X
1A T1
X X X
X X X
X X X
1B T2
X X X
X X X
X X X
1C T3
X X X
X X X
X X X
1D T4
X X X
X X X
X X X
2A T2
X X X
X X X
X X X
2B T3
X X X
X X X
X X X
2C T4
X X X
X X X
X X X
2D T1
X X X
X X X
X X X
3A T3
X X X
X X X
X X X
3B T2
X X X
X X X
X X X
3C T1
X X X
X X X
X X X
3D T4
Blok 1 Blok 2 Blok 3
Greenhouse Open field
Legende
X= Measured plants
A/B/C/D= Sub-blocks
T= Treatment
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CROP MANAGEMENT
Variety used: Mirador
Sown in seed trays on: April 22, 2017
Transplanted in plastic cups for better root development on: May 7, 2017
At 6 weeks transplanted into the greenhouse and in the open field
Two times fertilized( week 6 and 12) with 30 g NPK (12-12-17)
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PEST
Mole cricket
Mites
White flies
Iguanas
Birds
Forest rabbits
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HARVEST
Four times:
August 19, 2017
Sept. 8, 2017
Sept. 15, 2017
Sept. 22, 2017
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DATA COLLECTION
Plant height
Weight of fruits/treatment/plant
Circumference and length of
fruit/treatment/plant
Plant weight and root length
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PRUNING METHOD
The Dutch “V” System pruning
Two main stems by removing the third thin branch
Some plants had two stems, then they were left exactly like that
Two times pruned (week 10 and 14)
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Results
Survey highlights:
-Bell pepper farmers that were interviewed were from Weg naar Zee, Houttuin and Alkmaar.
-60% of them are full time farmers. 40% of the farmers plant only bell pepper.
-In addition to bell pepper famers also plant brocoli, cauliflower, pepper, tomato and eggplants.
-The area planted with bell pepper ranges from 50-200 m2.
The majority of respondents (80%) cultivate in greenhouses.
-Only one farmer interviewed is engaged with pruning of bell peppers.
-60% of the farmers use a plant density of 30 cm. in the row.
- 20% of the farmers use a plant density of 45 cm and 20% use a plant density of 40 cm.
-80% cultivate in greenhouses.
-The farmer that cultivates in open field plants in pots.
-Most problems with Anthracnose. They use various pesticides (Karate,Super drive and
Pegasus)
-All e farmers use different varieties King Arthur, Pemento largo, Siemines Destra and Mirador.
-All farmers use 30 grams of NPK (12-12-17) fertilizers.
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Results 17
pH
H2O EC
Org.
C
Org.
stof
Tot.
N Tot. P
Treatment (1:2.5) (MicroS) (%) (%) (%) (ppm P)
Not pruned
35 x 35 cm 7.3 511 1.66 3.33 0.12 1459
Not pruned
45 x 45 cm 7.2 1050 1.92 3.83 0.15 1135
Pruned 35 x
35 cm 7.4 370 1.31 2.63 0.12 1243
Pruned 45 x
45 cm 7.2 915 1.37 2.74 0.11 1115
Greenhouse
pH H2O
(1:2.5)
7.3
EC(microS) 172
Tot. N (%) 0.13
Tot. P (ppm) 1386
Tot. K (ppm) 385
Org. C 1.44
Org. stof 2.88
% Sand 90.7
% Silt 3.7
% clay 5.6
Texture Sand
Table 1a: Soil results before experiment Table 1b: Soil results after experiment
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20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
7:00
AM
9:00
AM
11:00
AM
1:00
PM
3:00
PM
5:00
PM
7:00
PM
9:00
PM
11:00
PM
1:00
AM
3:00
AM
5:00
AM
Tem
per
atu
re (
ºC)
Average T Greenhouse
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER T 1 T2
19
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105
7:00
AM
9:00
AM
11:00
AM
1:00
PM
3:00
PM
5:00
PM
7:00
PM
9:00
PM
11:00
PM
1:00
AM
3:00
AM
5:00
AM
RH
(%
)
Average RH Greenhouse
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER RH 1 RH 2
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
1-J
un
i
17-J
ul
17-A
ug
17-S
ep
17-O
ct
RR
Dail
y (
mm
)
Month
Daily Rainfall (1 June - 17 October 2017)
Domburg 20
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Aver
age
pla
nt
hei
gh
t(cm
)
Week
Average Plant height Greenhouse
Not pruned/35x35 Not pruned/45x45 Pruned/35x35 Pruned/45x45
21
22
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
Plant
Aver
ag
e fr
uit
wei
gh
t (g
)
Average Fruit weight Greenhouse
Not Pruned/35x35cm Not Pruned/45x45cm
Pruned/35x35cm Pruned/45x45cm
23
Plant
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
Av
era
ge
Fru
itle
ng
ht
(cm
)
Average Fruit length Greenhouse
Not Pruned/35x35cm Not Pruned/45x45cm
Pruned/35x35cm Pruned/45x45cm
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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Plant
Aver
age
circ
um
fere
nce
(cm
)
Average Circumference Greenhouse
Not Pruned 35x35cm Not Pruned/45x45cm
Pruned/35x35cm Pruned/45x45cm
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
Plant
Aver
ag
e R
oot
len
gth
(cm
)
Average Root length Greenhouse
Not pruned/35x35cm Not pruned/45x45cm
Pruned/35x35cm Pruned/45x45cm
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Plant
Aver
age
Pla
nt
wei
gh
t(g)
Average Plant weight Greenhouse
Not pruned/35x35cm Not pruned/45x45cm
Pruned/35x35cm Pruned/45x45cm
CONCLUSIONS 1. Farmers in Suriname are using a planting spacing of
35 x 35 cm
2. Generally the plants with a plant spacing of 45 x 45
cm had larger, heavier and taller fruits
3. The majority (80 %) of the interviewed farmers do
not prune, because they find it labor-intensive work
4. Farmers should apply a larger plant spacing for better
fruit production
5. Pruning should be applied in bell pepper production
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The experiment should be repeated in both the rainy and the dry season
2. Other bell pepper varieties should be tested under both field and greenhouse conditions
3. Other pruning techniques should be experimented with
4. Other soil types and different fertilizers should be experimented with
5. Longer evaluation of the experiment is necessary
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QUESTIONS?
Thank You!
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