jpo regional workshop sarajevo 25 – 29 october 2004 the un programme for refugees & idps in...
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JPO Regional WorkshopJPO Regional Workshop
Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004
THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN CENTRAL AMERICA
THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN CENTRAL AMERICA
DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMME FOR DISPLACED PERSONS
REFUGEES AND RETURNEES PRODERE
The PRODERE’s experience in
Central America
and its legacy
HUMAN DEVLOPEMENT IN ACTION
ORIGINS OF THE PROJECTORIGINS OF THE PROJECT
• The Peace Plan known as Esquipulas II (1987)
• Special Plan of Economic Cooperation for Central America -PEC- (1988)
• International Conference on Central American Refugees -CIREFCA- (1989)
• Governments begun a political negotiations with their respective opposition groups. They requested international cooperation in overcoming their difficult economic situation.
• The United Nations General Assembly expressed its support.
• The Government of Italy confirmed its support to PRODERE by pledging $115 million grant.
REFUGEES IN CENTRAL AMERICAREFUGEES IN CENTRAL AMERICA
PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION
PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION
• Areas of intervention 13
• Extension of these areas 45,100
• Population in these areas 2,520,000
• Number of Municipalities 13
• Direct beneficiaries 574,000
• Indirect beneficiaries 984,500
PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION:THE CASE OF GUATEMALA
PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION:THE CASE OF GUATEMALA
• Extension of these areas 8,615
(KM2)
• Population in these areas 202,507
• Number of Municipalities 4 + 18
• Direct beneficiaries 82,425
• Indirect beneficiaries 124,266
• Micro-regions 18
INITIAL SITUATIONINITIAL SITUATION
• Armed conflicts in El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua existed during the 1980’s.
• As a result two million people were forced to abandon their homes.
• Central America was characterized by widespread poverty, social fragility, a limited presence of the State and a high level of Social Exclusion. These factors led to the conflict.
Social ExclusionSocial exclusion is defined as the set of processes, which tend to disqualify and marginalize individuals and communities due to political, social, economic, ethnic or cultural reasons or because of
geographic isolation.
SOCIAL EXCLUSIONTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
SOCIAL EXCLUSIONTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
LINGUISTIC GROUPSTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
LINGUISTIC GROUPSTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
THE CASE OF GUATEMALA ZONAPAZ
THE CASE OF GUATEMALA ZONAPAZ
RETURNEES AND REPATRIATESTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
RETURNEES AND REPATRIATESTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA
• Total returned and repatriated population 43,594
• Returned population 22,905
• Repatriated population in its place of origin 20 689
• Farms bought by the Government of Guatemala 28
• Gvt. of Guatemala’s total investment 200,000,000
RETURNEES THE CASE OF GUATEMALARETURNEES THE CASE OF GUATEMALA
FARMS BAUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALAFARMS BAUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA
PRODERE’S MAIN OBJECTIVE.....
PRODERE’S MAIN OBJECTIVE.....
.....contributes to the peace process in Central America in providing assistance to populations affected by military conflict, thereby enabling
them to successfully resettle in their communities, which receive development
support as well.
PRODERE’S SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
PRODERE’S SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• Participating in the pacification and the peace building process through national reconciliation
• Promoting, the respect of human and international rights as well as democratic practices.
• Impelling a process of integral development
• Strengthening the civil society and its organization.
• Consolidate governmental institutions at the local level
• Generating local capacities in the field of planning and development management for governmental and non governmental organization.
• Bringing technical cooperation for fund raising
PRODERE’s STRATEGYPRODERE’s STRATEGY
SUSTENAIBLE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT AS A STRATEGY
SUSTENAIBLE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT AS A STRATEGY
PRODERE’s interventions have been conceived within the framework of the Sustainable Human Development Strategy
Human Development
Human development is the process of expending people’s choices in the areas of health and knowledge, as well as increasing access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living.
If these basic capacities are not achieved, many choices are simply not available and many opportunities remain inaccessible.
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL :
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL :
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
PRODERE has applied the concept of sustainable Human Development at the local level by integrating activities in five main sectors, where the assistance provides the conditions for the empowerment of local entities.
Sector of Sector of ActivitiesActivities Entities in charge of the sector atEntities in charge of the sector atthe local levelthe local level
Human Rights
Local Economic Development
Health
Education
Regional PlanningInfrastructure and environment
Local Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights
Local Economic DevelopmentAgency
Local Health System
Local Education System
Local Planning Unit
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:
TERRITORIAL APPROACH
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:
TERRITORIAL APPROACH
SchoolHealth Center
CommunityTown
Market
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:
PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES
APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:
PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES
MUNICIPAL DEV.COMMITTEE
MICROREGIONALDEV. COMMITTEE
MICROREGIONALDEV.COMMITTEE
MICROREGIONALDEV.COMMITTEE
COMMUNITY COMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE
MunicipalLevel
MicroregionalLevel
CommunityLevel
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......
was an unique illustration of inter-agency coordination within United Nations Systems
UNDP
UNOPS
UNHCR ILO
WHO
Other Agencies:•UNICEF•UNESCO•Habitat•High Commissioner for
Human Rights
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......
The National Counterparts
• Vice Presidency •Ministry of development•National Commission for Repatriates, Refugees and Displaced Persons•General Secretary for Planning• National Fund for Peace•Others Ministries:
HealthEducation
Infrastructure..........................
HUMAN RIGHTSHUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS
Local mechanism for the protection of human rights HUMAN RIGHTS
Local mechanism for the protection of human rights OBJECTIVE
• To promote a change of attitude among the various social groups with the goal of strengthening peaceful methods of dispute settlement, thus helping the process of reconciliation and creating more solid grounds for a transition from a culture of violence to a culture of rights.
• To convert human development into a means for the achievement of human rights
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
• Strengthening Legal Institutions: administration of justice at the local level.
• Research and information: study and training courses.
• Legal Assistance: personal documentation and legalization of property.
• Adaptation of laws.
• Support for vulnerable groups.
• Assessment to the peace process..
HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA
SOME KEY ACTIVITIES
HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA
SOME KEY ACTIVITIES
Attention to displaced persons, refugees, returnees Legal counseling Legal status for refugees Birth certificates and ID cards Organization of Local Committees in the field of development, Human Rights, Health, Education,
Women Organization of Micro-regional Committees Organization of Municipal and departmental Committees in the field o f development, Human Rights,
Health, Education Organization of inter Institutional Committees Legalization of committees Strengthening of governmental and non governmental organization Train ing in Human Rights, democracy building process, gender focus, municipal management Radio Programs : Human Rights Education for Peace Studies and Publications, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Education for Peace, Republic
Constitution, Popol Vuh
HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
• Beneficiaries of legal counseling 166,700
• Local development committees organized 1,150
HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• Beneficiaries of legal counseling 27,938• Local development committees organized 249• Birth certificates and ID card 18,656• Legalization Status for refugees 20• Legalization of land 7,259• Municipal administration training 15• Strengthening of local municipal government 4• Committees organized and trained 774• Beneficiaries of human rights training 7,153• Studies and publications: 5X 20,000
HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL
HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTLOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Local Economic Development Agencies LEDA LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Local Economic Development Agencies LEDA
OBJECTIVE
This agencies further the productive
transformation of the area in which they function by
expanding markets for goods and services, promoting local
employment opportunities and
improving income.
Principal activities• Preparing diagnostic studies
• Designing and executing projects
• Promoting new technologies
• Supporting the creation or growth of enterprises
• Coordinating public and private initiatives
• Promoting local employment
• Carrying out actions that would contribute to equitable economic growth
• Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported 8• Beneficiaries of production projects 69,450• Approved loans for production (number) 15,330,000• Number of credit beneficiaries 33,000• Participants in training courses 30,300• Non agricultural micro-entreprises financed 4,470• Proportion of women benefited from production training 42%
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported 2• Direct beneficiaries of production projects 7,366• Approved loans for production (number) 1,413,109• Number of credit beneficiaries 5,256• Participants in training courses 13,990• Agricultural warehouse centers built 5• Governmental organizations strengthened 29• Non Governmental organizations strengthened 55• Micro enterprises created 84• Small scale irrigation systems built 6• Beekeeping centers created 56• Cooperatives financially strengthened 12• Rural Partners’ Enterprises created and supported 17
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE
GUATEMALA, IXIL (1)
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE
GUATEMALA, IXIL (1)
Desarrollo Económico Mapa 1
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)
Desarrollo Económico Mapa 2
HEALTHHEALTH
HEALTH Local Health Systems: LHS
HEALTH Local Health Systems: LHS
OBJECTIVE
LHS main objective is to expand the coverage, quality and efficiency of health services.
The LHS approach consist of considering health in terms of mental and social well being.
LHS is composed of representatives of the community as well as representatives of municipal councils, the Ministry of Health, and local non governmental organizations active in healthcare.
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
• Support to the training and education of technical and community personal on health issues
• Construction and equipment of health infrastructure where health personnel of the State and other entities can operate
• Support for priority health programmes: maternal and childcare, environmental sanitation, transmittable diseases, etc.
HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
• Local Health Systems created/supported 25
• Health centers built/renovated 110
• Health centers equipped/ assisted 170
• Trained health professionals 2,900
• Trained community health workers 8,400
HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• Local Health Systems created and supported 2
• Health centers renovated and equipped 39
• Health centers built and equipped 25
• Other health building renovated/built and equipped 59
• Oral re-hydration unit established 46
• Trained health personnel 1147
• Latrines built 6612
• Drinking water committees created and supported 121
• Drinking water well dug 99
• Aqueducts built 10
• Water tank built 4
HEALTH
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL(1) HEALTH
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL(1)
HEALTH
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2) HEALTH
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)
HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
EDUCATION Local Education Systems: LES
EDUCATION Local Education Systems: LES
OBJECTIVE
To adopt a structure, which links and integrates all educational services within a clearly defined geographic area.
Within this area, the State and the community work together at multiple level in the development of education in its various expressions.
The LES reflects the trend towards the decentralization and deconcentration of the State system.
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
• Integration of the various levels of education: pre-school, primary, secondary, technical and university.
• Support towards the training and education of professional and community workers on education issues.
• Construction and equipment of education infrastructure.
• Support for high priority educational programmes.
EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
• Local Education System created/supported 10
• Schools built/renovated 370
• Schools equipped 170
• Trained education professionals 7,190
• Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 53,400
EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• Local Education System created/supported 2• Total beneficiaries 43,964• Schools built/renovated 63• Schools equipped and provided with technical assistance 207• Trained education professionals 653• Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 20,294• Trained Educational promoters 588• Cultural Centers built and equipped 3• Educational material created
5x5000
(bilingual education materials)
EDUCATIONTHE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
EDUCATIONTHE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT
Local Planning Units :LPU
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT
Local Planning Units :LPU
OBJECTIVETo develop planning management and national capacities at the local level in order to foster the sustainability of policies, programmes and projects.
To contribute to the process of decentralization by providing technical support to local institutions.
To transform planning into an instrument for sustainable human development, through the formulation of policies and projects that emphasize protection of the environment and achievement of the better quality of life, deepening the democratic processes and strengthening the participation of the civil society.
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
LPU´s activities are oriented to foster and strengthen an inter institutional coordination for planning and promoting programmes and projects in areas of:– Services
– Infrastructures
– Economic activities
– Environment and land usage
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE
CENTRAL AMERICA
• Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 1,540• Sewage/drinking water/ latrines 269,500(beneficiaries)
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 467
• Bridges 34
• Beneficiaries of water and sanitation 52,285
• Families benef. from emergency shelter 486
• Families benef. of formal housing 70
• Beneficiaries of communal infrastructures 23,950
• Infrastructure committees created 12
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL
Infrastructura Mapa 1
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL
INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL
Infrastructura Mapa 2
REGIONAL PLANNING / ENVIRONMENT ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
REGIONAL PLANNING / ENVIRONMENT ACHIEVEMENTS
THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA
• LPU at departmental level, created and trained 1
• LPU at Municipal level, created and trained 4
• Development plan at the departmental level 1
• Development plan at the municipal level 4
• Tree Nurseries created 32
• Hectares of Reforestation 220
THE PRODERE´S LEGACYTHE PRODERE´S LEGACY
THE CASE OF
PRODERE GUATEMALA
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCETHE PRODERE´S LEGACY5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
During its last period, in order to support the on-going peace process UNDP through PRODERE made available its assistance to the Government of Guatemala, the Guatemalan civil society, several Countries and institutions involved in Guatemala, and to the United Nations Peace Moderator.
The result of this technical assistance, is included into the Peace Agreements signed in December 1996 and integrated into the public policies, programmes and projects in the areas of:
• Agricultural Development
• Health
• Education
• Social Investments.
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace
Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace
Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Local Economic Development included into the
Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Local Economic Development included into the
Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Health included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Health included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Education included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Education included into the Peace Agreements
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY TECHNICAL ASISTANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROGRAMMES AND
PROJECT DESIGN
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY TECHNICAL ASISTANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROGRAMMES AND
PROJECT DESIGN
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN
FUNDS RAISED
THE PRODERE´S LEGACY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN
FUNDS RAISED
PORTFOLIO OF PEACE PROGRAMMESPORTFOLIO OF PEACE PROGRAMMES
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