jindřich duras vltava river authority czech republicvltava river authority czech republic nitrates...
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NITRATES COMPLICATE NITRATES COMPLICATE MANAGEMENT OF MANAGEMENT OF
RESERVOIRS AND THEIR RESERVOIRS AND THEIR DRAINAGE BASINSDRAINAGE BASINS
JindJindřřich DURAS ich DURAS Vltava Vltava RiverRiver AuthorityAuthority CzechCzech RepublicRepublic
NITRATES NITRATES –– dangerousdangerous?!?!
HealthHealth threatthreat!!
KeyKey nutrientnutrient for for blueblue--greensgreens!!!!
ONLY IN HIGH ONLY IN HIGH CONCENTRATONSCONCENTRATONS
USUALLY NOTUSUALLY NOT
StrongStrong effortsefforts to to eliminateeliminate NONO33--
TheThe role for role for bufferingbuffering ofof redoxredoxconditionsconditions isis largelylargely ignoredignored
NITRATES NITRATES –– redoxredox bufferbuffer
OO2 2 consumptionconsumption
MnMnIIIIII--IV IV MnMnIIIIDENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION
NONO33--NN NN22
FeFeIIIIII FeFeIIII
+ P!!!+ P!!!00
EEhh
++
--
ReductionReduction processesprocesses
CHANGES AFTER 1989CHANGES AFTER 1989
DecreaseDecrease ofof agricultureagriculture –– 50 % 50 % cutcut ofoffertilizersfertilizers, , reductionreduction ofof arablearable landland areaarea
ImprovementImprovement ofof wastewaste--waterwater treatmenttreatment ––oftenoften withwith N N andand lesserlesser withwith P P removalremoval
EliminationElimination ofof organicorganic pollutionpollution andand overalloveralldecreasedecrease ofof nutrientnutrient concentrationsconcentrations in in riversrivers..
ResultResult::
Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys
PRAHAPLZEN
LOCALITIESLOCALITIES
HRACHOLUSKY:
ZLUTICE:
40 mil. m3, 3.63 km2, depth - 25 m
11.5 mil. m3, 1.41 km2, depth - 20 m
HRT: 50 days in Summer 200 days
HRT: 130 days in Summer 300 days
EUTROPHICRecreation
SlightlyEUTROPHICDrinking water
HRACHOLUSKY HRACHOLUSKY -- INFLOWINFLOW
0
2
4
6
67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03
mg.
l-1
Annual mean
Summer mean (IV.-IX.)
NO3-N
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
I III V VII IX XI
mg.
l-1
NO3-N, 2004
2004
HRACHOLUSKY 2004HRACHOLUSKY 2004
Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
MayMay
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
JuneJune
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
JulyJuly
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
AugustAugust
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
SeptemberSeptember
OO22
NONO33--NN
HRACHOLUSKY 2004HRACHOLUSKY 2004
Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys
MayMay
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
JuneJune
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov PritokJulyJuly
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
AugustAugust
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hráz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Prítok
r. km-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hráz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Prítok
r. km-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
SeptemberSeptember
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
FeFe tottot..
P P tottot..
HRACHOLUSKY 2004HRACHOLUSKY 2004
Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok
22.9
26.5
31.9
36.2
40.3
43.2
Hráz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Prítok
r. km-20 m
-15 m
-10 m
-5 m
0 m
AugustAugust
SeptemberSeptember
August 1999August 1999
ZLUTICE ZLUTICE -- INFLOWINFLOW
0
2
4
6
73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06
mg.
l-1
Annual Mean
Summer mean (IV.-IX.)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
mg.
l-1
NO3-N
NO3-N, 2004
2004Fish ponds
ZLUTICEZLUTICE20042004
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
19991999
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
Temperature
Diss. O2 mg.l-1
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
Mn tot. mg.l-1
ZLUTICEZLUTICE20042004 19991999
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
NO3-N mg.l-1
Fe tot. mg.l-1
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
P tot. mg.l-1
ŽŽLUTICELUTICE
490
495
500
505
14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.
20042004 19991999
490
495
500
505
21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.
WoronichiniaWoronichinia naegeliananaegeliana
2003
100
1000
10000
1000008.
1.
19.2
.
26.3
.
29.4
.
4.6.
16.7
.
26.8
.
8.10
.
19.1
1.
buňk
y.m
l-1
ZLUTICEZLUTICE––WATERWORKSWATERWORKSrawraw waterwater, cell , cell countscounts ofof
W. W. naegeliananaegeliana
2005
11.1
.
13.2
.
29.3
.
3.5.
6.6.
19.7
.
23.8
.
29.9
.
1.11
.
6.12
.
2004
100
1000
10000
100000
6.1.
18.2
.
31.3
.
5.5.
30.6
.
11.8
.
5.10
.
10.1
1.
15.1
2.
buňk
y.m
l-1
LIPNO RESERVOIRLIPNO RESERVOIR
Area: 48.5 kmArea: 48.5 km22, volume: 300 mil. m, volume: 300 mil. m33
Max. Max. andand meanmean depthdepth: 21 : 21 andand 6.2 m6.2 mUnstableUnstable stratificationstratification withwith temporarytemporaryanoxicanoxic conditionsconditions nearnear thethe bottombottomSummerSummer NONO33--N = 0.1N = 0.1-- 0.5 mg.l0.5 mg.l--11
EasyEasy FeFe + P + P releaserelease fromfrom sedimentssediments....……more P more P forfor fytoplankton (fytoplankton (bloomsblooms ofofMicrocystisMicrocystis))……lowerlower P P retentionretention in in thethe reservoirreservoir
Nitrate deficits may cause higher chlorophyllconcentrations than expected
by Hejzlar et al., 2000
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys
TheThe „„nutrientnutrient““ conceptconcept shouldshould bebe revisedrevised::WasteWaste waterwater treatmenttreatment processesprocesses shouldshould bebeaimedaimed more more atat P P eliminationelimination..EliminationElimination ofof N N shouldshould bebe appliedapplied reasonablyreasonably, , despitedespite financialfinancial sourcessources are are accessibleaccessible..DenitrificationDenitrification in in watershedswatersheds shouldshould bebe regulatedregulatede.g. via e.g. via betterbetter management management ofof fishfish pondsponds. .
SummerSummer nitratenitrate concentrationsconcentrations decreaseddecreased in in somesomereservoirreservoir inflowsinflows to to thethe extentextent thatthat massivemassive releaserelease ofofFeFe andand P P fromfrom sedimentssediments occuredoccured andand waterwater bloomsbloomswerewere supportedsupported. .
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