jenney’s first year latin lesson 28plural masc. fem. neut. nom. quī quae quae gen. quōrum...

Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 28

1. Lesson 28 Vocabulary2. Interrogatives

3. The Interrogative Pronoun Quis, Quid4. Interrogative Adjective Quī, Quae, Quod

Lesson 28 Vocabulary

āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus

to lose

(< ā + mittō, mittere)

cibus, cibī, m.

food

committō, committere, commīsī, commissus

to entrust

(< cum (con-) + mittō, mittere)

expellō, expellere, expulsī, expulsus

to drive out, drive away

modus, modī, m.

measure, degree; manner, way

mūrus, mūrī, m.

wall

nihil, n. (defective)

nothing

A noun is called “defective” if its inflection is incomplete. Nihilhas no plural forms and no gen., dat., or abl. sg.

proelium committere (idiom)

to join battle, begin a battle

quem ad modum?

to what degree?; how?

quō modō?

by what way?; in what manner?; how?

reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus

to give back, restore

(< re- + dō, dare, dedī, datus)

vīnum, vīnī, n.

wine

Interrogatives

Basics and Functions

Interrogatives

• interrogative words are words used to ask questions, both direct and indirect– Direct Questions:

• Where did you go?• To whom are you talking?• With what pen are you writing?

– Indirect Questions:• I asked you where you went.• I was wondering to whom you are talking.• You told me with what pen you are writing.

Interrogatives

• there are various types of interrogative words

• we have seen interrogative adverbs already, e.g.:

– ubi: where? [N.B. this only means ‘when’ if used as a relative]

– cūr: why?

• there is also the interrogative pronoun:

– quis, quid: who?, what?

• there is also the interrogative adjective:

– quī, quae, quod: which?, what?

Interrogative Pronoun:Quis, Quid

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc. quem quid

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc. quem quid

Abl. quō quō

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl. quibus quibus quibus

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? what?

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? what?

Abl. bwf whom? bwioaf what?

Interrogatives vs. Relatives

• interrogatives are ONLY used to ask questions

• look for a question mark at the end of the sentence

• interrogatives will introduce the sentence, not be in the middle

– exception: when interrogatives are introducing indirect questions, they won’t come first in the sentence

Interrogative Pronoun Examples

• Quis ad urbem tēcum ambulābat?

• Quibus imperātor victoriam nūntiābit?

• Quae in sellīs sedērunt?

• Quid facis?

• Quae crās faciēmus?

Interrogative Adjective:Quī, Quae, Quod

Interrogative Adjective

• if a form of quī, quae, quod is modifying a noun and introducing a question, it is the interrogative adjective

– if it is introducing a question, but not modifying a noun, it’s an interrogative pronoun

• the forms of the interrog. adj. quī, quae, quod, meaning “which?,” “what?” are the same as the forms of quī, quae, quod, with no exceptions

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc. quem quam quodAbl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc. quem quam quodAbl. quō quā quō

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl. quibus quibus quibus

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc. which/what ____?Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc. which/what ____?Abl. bwioaf which/what ____?

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations