ix ol bio paper 1st term 2015
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IX OL Bio Paper 1st Term 2015
1 The diagram shows a section through the human eye. Different parts of
the eye have
been labelled A to G.
The table lists some health problems that affect the eye and describes how
they are caused.
Complete the table by choosing the correct label letter for the part of the eye
linked
with each health problem. The first one has been done for you.
(4)
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
2. Humans regulate the amount of water contained in the body. This means that the volume
of water entering the body must equal the volume of water leaving the body.
(a) (i) Water enters the body through food and drink. Give one other source of water for cells
in the body.
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(ii) Water leaves the body in the urine and in the faeces. Give one other way that water is lost
from the body.
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(b) The body is also able to regulate its temperature.
(i) Describe how the skin contributes to temperature regulation when the body is exposed to an
increased external temperature.
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(ii) Explain how increased external temperature can affect the water balance in the body.
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(c) Suggest two advantages of being able to regulate body temperature.
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Q 2 (Total 10 marks)
3. A symptom of many human infections is fever. Fever raises the body temperature and can help
the body defend itself from infection. Human pathogens thrive best at 36.8 °C.
Raising the temperature a few degrees can help to defend against pathogens by activating the
immune system to make more white blood cells. However, very high fevers, with temperatures
above 40 °C, can cause brain damage.
(a) Explain how white blood cells help defend against infection.
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(b) Suggest two ways that someone with a very high fever can be treated to lower their
body temperature in order to avoid brain damage.
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Q3 (Total 6 marks)
4 Emperor penguins live in the southern Polar Regions. The temperature
here can be
as low as –30 °C.
They have a number of adaptations that enable them to survive in such a
cold climate.
(a) Fully grown penguins are large, often weighing up to 30 kg. Most other
birds are
much smaller.
Explain how being large helps the penguin to survive at very low
temperatures. (4)
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(b) Penguins also have soft downy feathers and a thick layer of fat just below
the skin.
Suggest how these features help penguins to survive.
(3)
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(c) One part of the penguin that is especially exposed to the cold is their
feet. The muscles that operate the feet are located in the penguin’s body
rather than in the feet themselves.
(i) Suggest how this benefits the penguin. (3)
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(ii) The penguin’s feet move when the muscles pull on string-like structures
called tendons.
Suggest a property that these tendons should have.
(1)
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(d) Penguins huddle together to maintain their body temperature.
Explain how this behaviour is an advantage to penguins.
(4)
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(Total for Question 4 = 15
marks)
5 (a) The table lists some structures that provide a large surface area for the
diffusion
of substances.
Complete the table by naming the organ in which each structure is found.
The first one has been done for you.
(3)
(b) What is meant by the term diffusion?
(2)
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(c) The nephron is involved in the removal of substances from the blood.
Describe how substances are removed from the blood into the nephron.
(2)
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(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)
6 The human kidney removes urea from the blood.
(a) Name two other substances the kidney removes from the blood.
(2)
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(b) The diagram shows a simple kidney machine that uses dialysis to remove
urea from the blood.
Dialysis allows small molecules to be removed from the blood. This is done
by passing the dialysis solution over the tube containing the blood. The small
molecules move from
a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
(i) Give one way in which dialysis is similar to diffusion.
(1)
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(ii) Give one way in which dialysis is similar to osmosis.
(1)
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(iii) Describe how the kidney machine removes urea from the blood.
(2)
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(iv) Another function of the kidney machine is to maintain normal blood
glucose concentration.
Suggest how the concentration of glucose in the dialysis solution helps to
maintain a normal glucose concentration in the blood.
(2)
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(v) Describe two processes that take place in the kidney but not in the
kidney machine.
(4)
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(c) Kidney failure can be treated by transplanting a healthy donor kidney
into the patient.
(i) The procedure involves connecting two blood vessels and a tube to the
transplanted kidney.
Name the two blood vessels and the tube.
(2)
Blood vessel
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blood vessel
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tube .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Suggest why the transplanted kidney is placed in the lower abdomen
instead of in the kidney’s usual location.
(2)
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(Total for Question 6 = 16
marks)
7 What are the changes which Adrenaline produces to prepare the
body for fight or flight?
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(Total for Question 7 = 10
marks)
8 Complete the following table by writing Receptor or type of
energy they transduced.
Receptor Type of energy transduced
Eye
Sound
Tongue
chemical
Skin
Mechanical (kinetic)
(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)
9 Explain the structure of motor neurone.
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(Total for Question 9 = 10
marks)
10 The photograph shows an Arabian oryx.
Arabian oryx live in the desert where there is no free-standing water. Most of
their
habitat is sand. Plants, such as grass and small trees, cover only a small
area. Oryx
feed mainly on grass.
Summers are hot. Daytime temperatures can be as high as 41 °C and
temperatures
at night only fall to 24 °C. Oryx are less active in summer than in winter. In
summer,
they reduce their energy use by changing their behaviour and body
processes.
(a) Suggest why oryx are less active in summer than in winter.
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(b) In summer, oryx rest under trees during the day and feed at night.
Suggest why
they do this.
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(c) Suggest where the oryx get their water from in the absence of free-
standing water.
(1)
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(d) Oryx and humans can control water loss by making their urine very
concentrated.
Describe how this is done.
(6)
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(Total for Question 10 = 12 marks)
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