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Ivan Kourtchev, Iustinian Bejan, John R.Sodeau and John C.Wenger
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
University College Cork, Ireland
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and
have the molecular formula C15H24
o Emitted by a large variety of plants (e.g., Scots pine, birch, oak.. )
o Very reactive towards O3, OH• and NO3•
o Short lived compounds
o No agreement on the contribution of sesquiterpenes to the global budget of
BVOCs
β-caryophyllene longifolene aromadendrene α-humulene α-cedreneα-copaene
o A number of laboratory studies have been performed on a series of
sesquiterpenes with cyclic structures (e.g., β-caryophellene, α-humulene,..)
o No information concerning the atmospheric reactivity of farnesene, an
acyclic compound emitted from a wide range of plants (Duhl et al., 2008,
Biogeosciences) and detected in various branch enclosure studies (e.g.,
Goldstein et al., 2004 Geophys. Res. Lett., Helmig et al., 2007 ES&T)
(E)-β –Farnesene C15H24
α-Farnesene C15H24
+ O3, OH• & NO3•
Radicals
Oxygenated
organics
or
SOA
x x x x
x x
x
x
α-farneseneChesmos
α-farneseneSigma
(E)-β-farneseneLGC
(E)-β-farneseneSigma
o To identify gas and particle phase products from farnesene/O3
reactions;
o To determine aerosol yields under various conditions (e.g., RH,
effect of scavenger & aerosol seed).
(E)-β -farnesene
o FEP foil;
o Volume of 3.91 m3;
o Four fans;
o In situ FTIR spectroscopy using
a path length of 229.6 m;
o SMPS (TSI Model 3080; CPC
3010 & DMA 3081).
• Five channel annular denuder
• Coated with XAD-4 resin
• Flow: 15 L/min
Denuder tube
(gas collection)
Filter pack
(particle collection)
Air flow
O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)
hydroxylamine (PFBHA)
Agilent 6890 GC coupled to
Agilent 5975 quadrupole MS
PFBHA derivatization
PFBHA oxime
Varian 3800 GC coupled to
Ion trap-MS Varian Saturn 2000
BSTFA derivatization
After 30 min
After 60 min
After 90 min
PF
BH
A
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
PF
BH
AP
FB
HA
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
acetone
4-methyl-8-methyldeca-4,9-dienal
6-methylhept-5-en-2-one
4-methylenehex-5-enal
4-oxopentanal
T.I.
S
S
All species except tentatively identified 4-methyl-8-methyldeca-4,9-dienal have been
detected in ambient samples by various groups.
m/z=181
Kourtchev et al., 2009 AE
Kourtchev et al., 2009, Atmos. Environ.
43, 3182-3190
kO3=4.01x10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1
(E)-β-farnesene
DB1 DB2DB4
DB3
kDB1 ≈ kDB2 >>>kB3 ≈ kDB4
40x
EPI SuiteTM software (US EPA, 2007)
Also observed in the gas phase!!!
All species have been detected in ambient samples by various groups.
][exp
aerosolgasC
particleC
Kp
Kp = (1.68 ± 1.22) x 10-3 m3 µg-1 Kp = (1.98 ± 1.34) x 10-2 m3 µg-1
Kp = 1.3 x 10-4 m3 µg-1 (Hellen et al., ES&T, 2008)
Kp = 1.77 x 10-4 m3 µg-1 (Healy et al., ACP, 2008) Kp = 2.53 x 10-2 m3 µg-1 (Kavouras et al, 2002)
Odum et al., 1996 (ES&T)
Initial concentration
C(E)-β-farnesene = 80 ppb - 1.1ppm
CO3 = 240 ppb - 3.3 ppm
Conditions
Dry experiment (RH<0.1%)
Dry experiment + scavenger (CO)
RH=50% + scavenger (CO)
RH=50% + scavenger (CO)+ (NH4)2SO4 seed
RH 0-80% + scavenger (CO)
Different scavengers (FTIR limitations)
Instantaneous particle formation!
Limitation of SMPS ( resolution 3 min)!
Farnesene decay was monitored using in situ FTIR
Aerosol growth monitored with SMPS
Par
ticle
dia
met
er D
p (n
m)
Particle formation from the ozonolysis of (E)-β-farnesene
0
250
500
750
1000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
ΔM
0 (
µg
m-3
)
ΔHC (µg m-3)
690 ppb (E)-β-farnesene + scavenger+ (NH4)2SO4 seed
Ng et al., 2006, ES&T
i iom
iomi
MK
KMY
0,
,
01
Dry without scavenger
SOA yield ~43% at
conc. 80 ppb to1.1 ppm
RH(0.03%) + scav. RH(50%)+scav. RH(50%)+scav.+seed
α K α K α K
0.19 0.0049 0.1687 0.0064 0.1787 0.0034
One compound model
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Yie
ld
RH, %
150 ppb (E)-β-farnesene
CO & without seed
o (E)-β–farnesene has a lifetime ~1 hour with respect to reaction withozone - react close to its source and have an impact at local level;
o (E)-β–farnesene/O3 is another possible source of the ubiquitouscarbonyls (acetone, 4-oxopentanal and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one) andacids (4-oxopentanoic acid and succinic acid);
o High Kp values for 4-oxopentanal and 4-oxopentanoic acids confirmtheir significance in SOA formation;
o SOA yields varied from 0.05-43% depending on the conditions (conc.,RH, presence of OH scavenger);
o Presence of OH scavenger decreases aerosol yield indicating Criegeeintermediates produce OH and that OH/(E)-β–farnesene reactionsproduces SOA;
o RH decreases SOA yield dramatically at low conc. but has minimaleffect at high conc. of (E)-β–farnesene;
o The presence of neutral aerosol seed does not have a significantinfluence on the SOA yield
Photooxidation of (E)-β–farnesene (gas and particulate phase organic
composition, SOA yields)
Thank you for your attention
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