isbt in india+bus terminal thesis
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INTEGRATED “BUS TERMINAL-CUM-
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX” AT MOHALI THESIS REPORT 2010 – 11‟…
ISSUE - USE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION
(STEEL)
THESIS BY – GAURAV KUMAR,
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, GBTU, LUCKNOW
CERTIFICATE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, GBTU
tagore marg, lucknow-226007
This is to certify that this thesis entitled INTEGRATED” BUS TERMINAL CUM COMMERCIAL COMPLEX AT MOHALI ”is the
bonfire work of Gaurav kumar & submitted by him in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture.
RECOMMENDED ACCEPTED
(Thesis Advisor) (Principal)
Thesis Examined
(External Examiners)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my faculty members, for his concern, support and guidance throughout my thesis.
He sorted out all my problems and queries and gave valuable suggestions to benefit my project.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Proff. Mukul Singh, thesis coordinator and for approving my thesis and fulfilling the
official formalities for the same.
I would also like to thank my jury members for their valuable criticism during the internal juries, which helped a lot in the completion
of this thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………… 1 - 2
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
ISSUE ………… 3 - 6
USE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION i.e. (STEEL)
CLIENT BRIEF, SITE STUDY & ANALYSIS ………… 7 - 13
LOCATION ANALYSIS
SURROUNDINGS & APPROACH
VEGETATION, SERVICES, TOPOGRAPHY & CLIMATE, ETC
CASE STUDY ………… 14 - 34
ISBT KASHMERE GATE, DELHI
ISBT SEC17, CHANDIGARH
ANSAL PLAZA, DELHI
LIT STUDY ………… 35 - 38
SUPER BUS TERMINAL, JALANDHAR
INFERENCES ………… 39
STANDARDS ………… 40 - 41
TURNING CIRCUIT
BUS BAY AREA
BUS & CAR PARKING
HIRED MODE PARKING
AREA ANALYSIS ………… 42 - 44
REQUIREMENTS ………… 45
AREA CALCULATION ………… 46 - 47
TRAFFIC FLOW ANALYSIS ………… 48
FLOW CHART
EVOLUTION OF IDEA, CONCEPT & SKETCHES ………… 49 - 55
CONCEPT
ZONING
SKETCHES
WORKING MODELS
DRAWING & DETAILS ………… 56 - 58
LAYOUT PLAN
FLOOR PLANS
ELEVATIONS
SECTIONS
3 – D VIEWS
& DETAILS…………………………………..
ELECTIVES …………
FIRE FIGHTING
WORKING DRAWING
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………
INTRODUCTION……….
TRANSPORTATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AID OF COMMUNICATION FROM ONE PLACE TO OTHER
FOR VISITING PURPOSE OR IN THE SENSE OF TOURISM. A NUMBER OF FACTORS LIKE THE CONVENIENCE FROM ONE PLACE TO THE
OTHER, PROMOTION OF TOURISM, FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PLACES ETC. HAVE PREDICTED THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
SUCH AS ROADWAYS INDUSTRIES IN THE ASSENSE OF BUS TERMINALS.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IMPROVES THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROGRESS AND FURTHER
TRANSFORMS THE SOCIETY INTO AN ORGANIZED ONE. IT IS ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL SERVICES, VITAL FORCE FOR DETERMINING THE
DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT. TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED TRANSPORTATION BALANCE AND FOR THE SYSTEM TO BE EFFICIENT, IT IS
ESSENTIAL TO PROVIDE ORGANIZED FACILITIES IN THE SYSTEM.
AS TRANSPORTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE MOVEMENT BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION INVOLVES THE MOVEMENT OF
PEOPLE AND GOODS, THERE IS NEED FOR AN ACCESS POINT IN THE SYSTEM FOR USE.
“MULTIUSE SPACE CONCEPT”
EFFICIENT USE OF SPACE FOR ENTERTAINMENT, SHOPPING & RELATED ACTIVITY, CONCEPT OF PLANNING OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITY
EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL COMPLEX i.e. ANCIENT AGORA & MEDIEVAL PLAZA OF EUROPEAN CITIES
INDIAN CONTEXT – INDIAN BAZZARS
DAILY SHOPPING AT TERMINAL ITSELF RATHER THAN GOING TO MARKET PLACES AND THUS SAVE TIME.
AIM -
TO ACHIEVE DESIGN EXCELLENCE AND TO COME UP WITH A PROTOTYPE DESIGN FOR A BUS TERMINAL FOR FUTURE AND URBAN
SCENARIO WHERE SPACE WILL BECOME PRECIOUS COMMODITY & HIGH BUS TRIP WILL HAVE TO SUPPORT FROM SMALL SITE.FURTHER
TO SAVE SPACE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES WILL BE INCORPORATE WITH BUS TERMINAL AND GIVE TO MOHALI A MISSING LANDMARK
BUILDING.
OBJECTIVE –
PROVIDE AN ARCHITECTURE SOLUTION FOR INTEGRATING THE TERMINAL WITH COMMERCIAL COMPLEX.
1
ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERATION TRANSPORTATION REGULATION ECONOMIC STANDARD
TO PROVIDE FAST & UNDERSTANDING FLOW OF TRAFFIC.
TO PROVIDE CLEAR SEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF TRAFFIC, NO CONGESTION AT PEAK HOUR.
TO PROVIDE OPTIMUM CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ALL ELEMENTS AND SPACES, I.E. CLEAR CONNECTION OF FUNCTIONS.
TO INCORPORATE TODAY’S COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM ETC. IN TO DESIGN
METHODOLOGY
UNDERSTANDING BASIC NEED OF DESIGN, ITS SCOPE & LIMITATION
NECESSARY DATA COLLECTED &ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS CASE STUDY LIT STUDY
STUDY OF SPATIAL
REQUIREMENT
STDUY OF SPATIAL
INTERRELATIONSHIP
STUDY OF SPATIAL
ORGANIZATION
STUDY FLOW CIRCULATION
OF PEOPLE & SERVICE
COMARATIVE ANLYSIS
FRAMING REQUIREMENT
EVOLUTION OF DESIGN CONCEPT
BUILDING OF CONCEPT & DESIGN
FINAL DESIGN SOLUTION
SCOPE & LIMITATION
FRAMING REQUIREMENT FOR A MAX NOS. OF PASSENGER PER DAY IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
STUDYING THE VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, FIRE
FIGHTING SYSTEM, ETC.
2
ISSUE OR THRUST AREA USE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION (STEEL)
• FROM FURNITURE TO RAILWAYS, CONSTRUCTION TO FARMING, ARCHITECTURE
TO AUTOMOBILES, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS TO RAZOR BLADES,
• COINS TO AEROSPACE... STEEL IS EVERYWHERE.
• WHEN STAINLESS STEEL WAS ACCIDENTALLY DISCOVERED BY AN ENGLISH METALLURGIST, HARRY REARLEY, IN AUGUST 1913,
NO ONE COULD HAVE THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD SO QUICKLY BECOME THE MATERIAL OF THE MODERN PROGRESSIVE WORLD IN SUCH A
SHORT TIME. BUT IT DID.
• TO ADD A HIGH PROPORTION OF CHROMIUM - KNOWN TO HAVE A HIGH MELTING POINT- TO SEE IF IT WOULD INCREASE THE
RESISTANCE TO SUCH HIGH TEMPERATURE EROSION.
• STAINLESS STEEL IS AN IRON ALLOY WHICH CONTAINS A MINIMUM OF 11 PER CENT CHROMIUM BESIDES SOME OTHER
ADDITIVES LIKE NICKEL, MOLYBDENUM, TITANIUM, ALUMINIUM AND COPPER.
• STAINLESS STEEL IS ATTRACTIVE BECAUSE OF ITS RESISTANCE TO EROSION AND CORROSION; IT IS LIGHTWEIGHT WITHOUT
COMPROMISING STRENGTH. MOREOVER, IT IS HEAT RESISTANT, DURABLE, IMPACT RESISTANT, LOW MAINTENANCE, FLEXIBLE, HAS A
LOW LIFE-CYCLE COST AND AN AESTHETIC APPEARANCE.
3
• THE USES OF STEEL ARE DIVERSE AND PLENTY
• THIS METAL'S
AMAZING QUALITY OF BEING CORROSION RESISTANT IS DUE TO THE ADDITION OF CHROMIUM, WHICH FORMS A NATURAL OXIDE
FILM ON ITS SURFACE. THIS PASSIVE FILM IS THINNER THAN A STRAND OF HAIR.
• THIS THIN ADHERING FILM IS IMPERVIOUS TO AIR AND WATER AND ACTS AS A PROTECTIVE LAYER WHICH IMMEDIATELY
REPAIRS ITSELF IF THE SURFACE IS DAMAGED, THUS PREVENTING CORROSION. THIS PHENOMENON IS CALLED 'PASSIVATION'.
• WHILE WE TAKE THE ROLE OF STAINLESS STEEL IN OUR DAILY LIVES FOR GRANTED, A HEARTENING FACT IS THAT THIS IS A 100 PER
CENT RECYCLABLE MATERIAL. THE MAIN SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL FOR STAINLESS STEEL IS RECYCLED METAL. OVER 50 PER CENT OF
4
NEW STAINLESS STEEL IS PRODUCED FROM RECYCLED SCRAP. THIS MEANS THAT THE NEW STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCT YOU BUY HAS
BEEN PART OF A USEFUL PRODUCT IN THE SAME METAL IN AN EARLIER LIFE.THOUGH IT IS RECYCLED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE,
• STAINLESS STEEL HAS FOUR BROAD CATEGORIES: MARTENSITIC, FERRITIC, AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX.
• AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IS THE MOST WIDELY USED VARIETY BECAUSE OF ITS GOOD HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE
• PROPERTIES AND BECAUSE IT IS NON MAGNETIC.
5
Client brief,
Location analysis
Surroundings
Approach
Site description Vegetation, services, topography & climate ETC
CLIENT BRIEF & SITE ANALYSIS
CLENT BRIEF
PUNJAB INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
BOARD, (PIDB)
HAS PROPOSED TO DEVELOP MODERN FULLY
AIR-CONDITIONED BUS TERMINALS ACROSS
MOHALI.
FACILITIES SUCH AS SHOPPING MALLS, OFFICE
COMPLEX, FOOD COURTS, ETC.
FURTHERMORE, HAS PROPOSED TO REVAMP.
GREATER MOHALI AREA DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY &
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT, GOP AND
THE PRIVATE SECTOR PLAYER (PSP)
INTRODUCTION TO REGION
CHANDIGARH, THE CAPITAL OF HARYANA AND
PUNJAB, IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE MOST
WELL PLANNED CITIES IN INDIA. THE CITY WAS
CONCEIVED BY THE FAMOUS FRENCH
ARCHITECT, LE CORBUSIER IN 1953, OWING TO
ITS DEVELOPED SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND
HIGHER QUALITY OF LIFE LEADING THE REAL
ESTATE GROWTH TOWARDS THE ADJOINING
REGIONS (SUCH AS MOHALI, PANCHKULA, ETC.)
WITH AMPLE AVAILABILITY OF LAND.
7
18TH DISTRICT OF PUNJAB 13.04.06. EXTENSION OF ‘CITY BEAUTIFUL – CHANDIGARH’
MOHALI, ALSO KNOWN AS SAS NAGAR (SAHIBZADA AJIT SINGH NAGAR), IS AN EXTENDED
CONURBATION OF CHANDIGARH, TOWARDS ITS SOUTH-
WEST, IN PUNJAB & KNOWN AS AN ORGANIC EXTENSION
TO CHANDIGARH SHARES SIMILAR DEMOGRAPHICS AS THE
UNION TERRITORY DURING INCEPTION, CHANDIGARH CITY
WAS PLANNED TO HOUSE A POPULATION OF APPROX.
150,000 ACROSS 30 LOW DENSITY SECTORS. HOWEVER,
WITH ITS GROWING PROMINENCE, ITS POPULATION
EXPONENTIALLY INCREASED AND THUS THE CITY EXPANDED
BY ADDITIONAL 17 SECTORS CAPABLE OF HOUSING AN ADDITIONAL 350,000 PEOPLE.
AS OF DATE, CHANDIGARH ALSO SHARES PARTS OF SECTORS 48 TO 56, 61 AND 63 WITH MOHALI.
COMMERCIAL OFFICE SEGMENT ACTIVITY IN THE CITY HAS BEEN LIMITED TO OFFICES OF INSURANCE
COMPANIES, BANKS, REGIONAL OFFICES, SALES DISTRIBUTION CENTERS, REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS, ETC.
THE OFFICE ACTIVITY PRIMARILY HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN THE SECTOR MARKETS WHICH ARE NON INVESTMENT
GRADE IN NATURE, AND OFFER SCO ………………….
(SHOP CUM OFFICE) FORMAT OF DEVELOPMENT MIX WITH TRANSPORT…………………..….NEED FOR NEW BUS
TERMINAL & COMMERCIAL COMPLEX, PRESENT BUS TERMINAL 62 SECTOR. EXTRA PRESSURE ON ISBT 43,
DESIGN-BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFERS (DBOT)
PROPOSED BUS TERMINAL WOULD MAINLY BE A TRANSIT BUS TERMINAL FOR NORTHERN PUNJAB, HIMACHAL
AND J&K BUSES POTENTIAL BUS TRIPS / DAY ~1938
8
LOCATION ANALYSIS/SPATIAL SPREAD
THE SUBJECT SITE IS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED AT VERKA CHOWK, AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CHANDIGARH -KHARAR ROAD (NH 21)
WITH SUPERIOR ACCESS FROM CHANDIGARH AND MOHALI. THE SITE IS SURROUNDED BY THE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MOHALI, WHICH
HOUSES PROMINENT BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS SUCH AS RANBAXY, DELL, VERKA, ETC. CHANDIGARH - KHARAR ROAD ALSO
PROVIDES
DIRECT ACCESS BETWEEN CHANDIGARH AND OTHER IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE NEIGHBOURING STATES OF PUNJAB, HARYANA AND
HIMACHAL PRADESH. THIS HAS RESULTED IN HIGH INTER-STATE TRAFFIC ALONG THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY - 21, RESULTING IN IDEAL
POSITIONING FOR A TRANSIT BUS TERMINAL ALONG WITH A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX AT THE SUBJECT SITE.
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
FRONTAGE ON ALL THREE SIDES PROVIDES
THE SUBJECT SITE WITH MULTIPLE ACCESS
PROXIMITY TO CHANDIGARH AND
ESTABLISHED RESIDENTIAL CATCHMENTS
OF MOHALI EXPECTED TO ENHANCE
SUBJECT SITE IMAGE
SUBJECT SITE IS LOCATED WITHIN
THE PRECINCTS OF THE MOHALI
INDUSTRIAL AREA WHICH MAY
NEGATIVELY AFFECT
OPPORTUNITY THREATS
SUBJECT SITE LIES ON AN EMERGING
GROWTH VECTOR.
DIRECT CONNECTIVITY TO MOHALI
AIRPORT PROPOSED FOR UP GRADATION,
FROM A 4-LANE TO A 6-LANE WIDE ROAD
UPCOMING SUPPLY IN ALL
REALSTTE COMPONENTS IN
TOWNSHIP ALONG THE
CHANDIGARH – KHARAR ROAD
WIIL ACT AS POSSIBLE FUTURE
COMPETION TO SUBJECT
DEVELOPMENT
9
SITE DESCRIPTION
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
REGIONAL /URBAN CONTEXT LOCATION
REGIONAL LINKAGE I.E. ROAD CONNECTION TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA
CITY LEVEL FACILITIES & AMENITIES CLIMATOLOGICALLY DATA
LAND USE, DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS AND BYLAWS SITE SURROUNDING
ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTED
SITE DETAILS
SITE AREA – 7.02 ACRES (28439.4711 SQ. M)
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0
PERMITTED GROUND COVERAGE 40 % = 11375.78 SQ.M & FAR = 1:3,
PARKING NOT INCLUDED IN FAR
TOTAL BUILT UP AREA = 3 X 28439.47 SQ.M =85318.41 SQ.M
HEIGHT MAX 145MTS,
SITE LIES IN THE 8TH RING FROM THE AIRPORT
&SUBJECT TO APPROVAL FROM AIRPORT
AUTHORITY.
PARKING FOR COMMERCIAL 3 ECS PER 100 SQ
MTRS COVERED AREA ON THE FLOORS
2ECS PER100 SQ.MTS FOR SHOPPING
1.5 ECS PER 100 SQ.MTS OF OFFICE
TOPOGRAPHY – SLOPE OF THE SITE AND WATER
DRAIN TOWARDS THE ROAD AND MORE FLAT
LAND.
VEGETATION – FEW OF TREES AT PERIPHERY –
CAN BE CUT PERMISSION FROM AUTHORITY (GMADA, PIDB)
GEOLOGY - SOIL TEST CONDUCTED BY GMADA. SOIL IS FIT FOR THIS TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK.
SERVICES - WATER SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY – CABLE, TELEPHONE LINE RUNNING ALONG THE SITE
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR BASEMENT PARKING
INFERENCE
PRIME LOCATION CREATE INTEREST FROM ALL SIDES
THREE SIDES INTERNAL TRAFFIC SHOULD CAUSES MAX DISTURBANCE
TRIANGULAR SITE LIMIT THE DESIGN
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0
ENVIORNMENTOAL ASPECT SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHILE DESIGNING I.E. TO REDUCE NOISE & AIR POLLUTION.
CLIMATE DATA
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0
ISBT, sec-17, Chandigarh
ISBT kashmere gate, delhi
Super bus terminal, Jalandhar
Ansal plaza, khel gaon marg, delhi
CASE & LIT STUDY
ISBT, SECTOR 17, CHANDIGARH 1950…………………..1956 – 57
THE BUS TERMINAL WAS DEVELOPED TO SERVE AS THE PRIMARY TRANSPORT NODE FOR CHANDIGARH CITY,
SECOND ISBT SEC 43 TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND 1500 FLEET OF BUSES COMING FROM OUT STATION
IT IS LOCATED WITHIN 2-3 MILES FROM THE RAILWAY STATION.
SITE IS AT THE CROSSING OF V3 ROADS. ALONG THERE ARE FOUR SECTORS, THESE ARE 19, 18, 16 & 22.
SITE HAS BEEN APPROACHED BY TWO MAJOR, HIGHWAYS NH-21 TO RUPNAGAR AND NH-22 TO SHIMLA.
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OPERATOR CHANDIGARH TRANSPORT UNDERTAKING
ARCHITECT ADITYA PRAKASH
COMPLETED IN 1957
TOTAL AREA OF THE SITE
8.5 ACRES (NOW INCREASED TO 10 ACRES)
BUILDING STRUCTURE MAX. G + 1
CATERING TO PASSANGER TRAFFICE FROM CHANDIGARH, DELHI AND HARYANA
1.5 LKH 3.5 LKH 5 LKH 8.5 LKH
ISBT 17 SECOND PHASE INCREASE BEYOND EXPECTION ISBT 43
DETAILED COMPONENTS –
MAIN STRUCTURE SOMEWHAT CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THE MAIN BUILDING WITH CENTRAL WAITING HALL, ALL PASSENGERS AND
STAFF FACILITIES ARE LOCATED AROUND IT
IT IS COLUMN AND BEAM STRUCTURE WITH SQUARE GRIDS OF 17’3” X 17’3”.
FAÇADE IS OF EXPOSE BRICKWORK.
ALONG THE N- W SIDE, THE BUILDING IS IN THREE LEVELS
DESIGN PRINCIPLES-
ENTRY AND EXIT OF THE INTERSTATE BUSES ARE PROVIDED EXCLUSIVELY FROM THE BUS LANE.
SEPARATE PARKING LOTS FOR-CITY BUSES, PRIVATE VEHICLES, AUTO RICKSHAW, TAXI. CYCLE, RICKSHAW
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0
SEPARATE ENTRIES FOR THE INTERCITY BUSES.
CONCEPT OF CORRIDOR PLANNING.
PLAY OF LIGHT WITH THE USE OF ROOFS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.
SOW TOOTH LOADING PLATFORMS.
SCOPE FOR FUTURE EXPANSION.
IT CATERS TO A DAILY OF 3456 BUSES AND HANDLES BUSES FROM 5 STATES &IUT (CHANDIGARH).
OPEN COURTYARD HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR LIGHT AND VENTILATION OF BUILDING BUT DUE TO LACK OF PROPER MAINTENANCE THE
COURTYARD REMAIN DIRTY.
THE RESTAURANT OF FIRST FLOOR NEVER FULLY UTILIZED THE REASON BEING THAT THE PASSENGER ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE IT AND IF
SITTING IN THE RESTAURANT, CANNOT KEEP EYE ON THE BUSES.
AT SOME PLACE, TOILET ARE NOT PROVIDED
THE SITTING CAPACITY FOR THE PASSENGER IS INSUFFICIENT
THE LIGHT AND VENTILATION IS QUITE GOOD IN THE BUILDING EXCEPT THE TOILET WHERE VENTILATION IS PROVIDED BUT DIRECT
SUNLIGHT DOES NOT ENTER.
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0
GROUND FLOOR - WAITING HALL, CANTEEN, LOADING BAYS, TICKET COUNTER, TOILET, FOOD, AND BOOKSTALL, ENQUIRY OFFICE,
CLOAK ROOM ETC.
FIRST FLOOR – RAILWAY BOOKING OFFICE, POST OFFICE, POLICE POST, STATION SUPERVISOR ROOM, TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICE,
RESTAURANT, TOURIST REST ROOM, TOURISM OFFICE OF CHANDIGARH ETC. HAVE BEEN PROVIDED.
PARKING
LOADING PLATFORM
A TOTAL NO OF 53 LOADING BAYS
THE LOADING BAYS ARE STRAIGHT SAW TOOTH TYPE 12’6” WIDE AND 4” HIGH.
COVERED PLATFORM, MANY OF BUS STOPPERS
SOMETIMES DURING PEAK HOURS, 2- 3 BUSES STAND ON A SINGLE BAY THUS CREATE CONGESTION
UNLOADING PLATFORM
NEAR THE ENTRY POINT DUE TO LACK OF COVERED PLATFORM, ITS UNDERSELL DURING SUMMER AND RAINY SEASON
IDEAL PARKING
A TOTAL NO OF 71 BUS PARKING, BAYS ARE PROVIDED OF WHICH 7 ARE PROVIDED OF WHICH FOR LONG TERM PARKING
IDEAL PARKING IS PROVIDED ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE LOADING PLATFORM
PARKING FOR LOCAL CONVEYANCE BACK SIDE OF TERMINUS, FROM WHERE THE PEOPLE ENTER THE TERMINAL.
500 SCOOTER & 25- 30 CARS
A LARGE SPACE IN THE BASEMENT IS ALSO PROVIDED ADJACENT TO THE OPEN PARKING FOR PRIVATE VEHICLES
IT HAS A CAPACITY OF 500 SCOOTER & 1500 CYCLES ONLY
LIGHT IS THE MAIN PROBLEM IN THE BASEMENT AS SKYLIGHTS PROVIDED ARE INSUFFICIENT AND ACTS AS VENTILATOR ONLY.
SUBWAY- THE PEDESTRIAN FROM THE SECTOR 22 SIDE GO BY THE UNDERGROUND SUBWAY TO REACH THE TERMINUS.
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0
ISBT KASHMERE GATE
BACKGROUND
ARCHITECT V.P. DHAMIJA & RAJINDER KUMAR
COMPLETED IN 1973
SITE AREA 11 ACRES
19
0
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
IN THE DEPARTURE BLOCK TWO RAMPS AND TWO STAIRCASES ARE PROVIDED TO CONNECT MAIN LOUNGE.
AN OVER BRIDGE IS ALSO PROVIDED TO CONNECT INTER STATE TERMINAL BUILDING TO DTC BLOCK.
A SUBWAY TO ACCESS DTC BUSES HAS BEEN PROVIDED, WHICH SEGREGATES THE MOVEMENT OF PASSENGERS
USING THE LOCAL AND THE INTERSTATE BUSES. .
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CIRCULATION
• AN EFFICIENT CIRCULATION PATTERN IS FOLLOWED IN THE ISBT. THERE IS SEGREGATION IN CIRCULATION OF BUSES AND NON - BUS
(OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES) TRAFFIC DUE TO THE DIFFERENCE IN MOVEMENT CHARACTER.
• THERE IS A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS FOR INTER-CITY AND INTRA-CITY BUS SERVICES.
• THERE IS A PROPER SEGREGATION FOR VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
SEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORT & ACTIVITIES
SEGREGATION OF ALIGHTING AND BOARDING PLATFORMS
SEGREGATION OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING PASSENGERS AT TWO LEVELS.
ARRIVAL BLOCK - IT IS 7 STORIED STRUCTURES
GROUND FLOOR
IT IS ARRIVAL BLOCK HAVING 19 UNLOADING PLATFORMS.
ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR THE UNLOADING OPERATION,
CONTROL ROOM, ENQUIRY COUNTERS, TOURIST INFORMATION COUNTERS
THE SPACE IS DULL AND DARK DUE TO INSUFFICIENT NATURAL LIGHT
THERE ARE SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PUBLIC AMENITIES PROVIDED IN THIS AREA.
THERE ARE MANY EATING JOINTS BUT NO SMOKE OUTLETS ARE PROVIDED.
FIRST FLOOR
THE MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL OF THE FIRST FLOOR LINKS THE OUTGOING PORCH TO ENTRY
LOUNGE AND FACILITIES LIKE POST OFFICES, ENQUIRY AND BANK ARE PROVIDED AT THIS LEVEL.
SECOND TO FOURTH FLOOR
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MAINTENANCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IS ACCOMMODATED ON THE SECOND FLOOR AND THE VARIOUS TRANSPORT COMPANY
OFFICES AND OTHER TERMINAL STAFF ON THE THIRD AND FOURTH FLOORS.
AT FOURTH LEVEL THE ROOF OF THE CORRIDOR HAS BEEN LOWERED DOWN TO ACCOMMODATE THE SERVICE PIPES FIFTH FLOOR OF UPPER LEVELS.
FIFTH FLOOR WAS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRANSIT HOTEL FOR OVERNIGHT STAYING PASSENGERS, BUT NOW THE COMPLETE
FLOOR IS USED AS OFFICERS OF DELHI ADMINISTRATION FOR EARNING REVENUE.
SIXTH FLOOR HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR RESIDENTIAL USE BY FULL TIME STAFF AND SOME ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF WITH THE FACILITIES OFDOUBLE BED ROOM FLAT AND SINGLE BEDROOM FLAT.
LOUVERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED FOR BETTER LIVING ACCOMMODATION.
LINK BLOCK
IT IS A CONNECTING BLOCK BETWEEN ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE BLOCK AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL.
THIS BLOCK WAS DESIGNED FOR TICKET BOOTHS FOR EACH PARKING BERTH.
NOW 90% OF THE TICKET BOOTHS PROVIDED HERE IS NOT USED AS THEY HAVE SET UP THEIR COUNTERS (CURRENT BOOKING) AT
DEPARTURE LEVEL.
SKY LIGHT HAS BEEN USED TO BRING NATURAL LIGHT IN THIS AREA. THESE ARE BOTH CIRCULAR AND CONICAL
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SMALL ENQUIRY OFFICES OF DIFFERENT STATE TOURISM AND SMALL SECURITY CELL ARE PROVIDED IN THE CENTRE AROUND A LARGE DIA
HOLLOW COLUMN WHICH ACT AS THE SKYLIGHT FOR ARRIVAL BLOCK BELOW.
THIS BLOCK A LARGE WAITING AREA TO FACILITATE PASSENGER
THE WAITING AREA IN THE LINK BLOCK IS NOT USED AS MUCH BECAUSE PASSENGER HAVE TENDENCY TO WAIT NEAR THE DEPARTURE
PLATFORM OF THE BUS.
THE COUNTER IN THE LINK BLOCK IS ONLY BEING USED FOR ADVANCE RESERVATION FACILITIES.
SECTION SHOWING ROOFING SYSTEM
CIRCULAR CUTOUTS OF SKYLIGHTS 1 M, 2M AND 3 M DIAMETERS HAVE BEEN USED ABOVE THE WAITING AREA
DEPARTURE BLOCK IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO LEVELS.
THE LOWER ONE FOR THE USE OF OUTGOING PASSENGERS AND BUSES, AND
THE UPPER LEVEL FOR WAITING OUT SEATING PURPOSES. A MEZZANINE IS ALSO PROVIDED TO HOUSE THE OFFICES AND REST ROOMS OF
BUS CREW. THE UPPER LEVEL IS NOT BEING USED TO ITS FULL EXTEND, HENCE CREATING CONGESTION AT LOWER LEVEL.KIOSKS AND STALLS
HAVE BEEN LOCATED BETWEEN THE BUS BAY AND WAITING AREA AND ATTRACT LOT OF PASSENGERS TO COME. THIS CROWD CLOCKS THE
BUS BAY VIEW FROM WAITING ARE RESULTING IN THE CONGESTION ON CONCOURSE WHILE THE WAITING AREA REMAINS EMPTY.
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ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR LOADING PLATFORMS WHICH ARE EFFICIENT
FOR LOADING OPERATIONAND REQUIRE LESS AREA.
ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR LOADING PLATFORM, SO
A. PASSENGER HAS CLEAR APPROACH TO ENTRY DOOR.
B. AREA REQUIRED PER VEHICLE IS LESS.
2. UNLOADING PLATFORMS ARE NOT PROVIDED.
3. THE AREA OF REST ROOM FOR BUS CREW STAFF IS VERY LESS AND THERE ARE NO TOILET FACILITIES FOR THEM.
4. TOILET FACILITIES AND WAITING FACILITIES ARE LESS
5. EATING AND DRINKING WATER FACILITIES ARE SUFFICIENT
THE KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT SPACE IN THE DEPARTURE BLOCK IS NOW BEING USED AS OFFICES OF
THE DELHI ADMINISTRATION DUE TO WHICH, MANY UNWANTED PEOPLE COME TO THIS AREA DISTURBING
THE FUNCTIONING OF THE TERMINUS.
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
THE BUILDING IS A COLUMN BEAM BASED STRUCTURE, USE COFFERED SLAB TO ACHIEVE LARGE SPAN
THERE BY REDUCING THE NUMBER OF COLUMN AND INCREASING THE FREE SPACE INSIDE.
THERMAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHTING
THE ENTIRE BUILDING IS QUITE COOL IN THE SUMMER BECAUSE IT IS HEAVILY LOUVERED ON ALL SIDES WHICH PREVENT THE DIRECT SUNLIGHT,
PREVENTING DIRECT HEATING OF THE INTERNAL AREAS.THE MASSIVE ROOF LIGHTS OVER THE DEPARTURE AREA AID IN NATURAL LIGHTING.
THE BUILDING BECOMES VERY CHILLY IN THE WINTERS, SINCE IT IS OPEN ON ALL SIDES, AND THERE IS NO PROTECTION FROM THE COLD DRAUGHT
WHATSOEVER.SINCE THE LOADING AND UNLOADING AREAS ARE PARTIALLY OR WHOLLY COVERED, THIS LEADS TO A LOT OF THE POLLUTED
AIR GETTING TRAPPED INSIDE THE WAITING AREAS.
25
0
AREA ANALYSIS
TOTAL BUILT UP FLOOR AREA 3, 36,305 SQFT
(7.72 ACRES)
AREA OF ARRIVAL BLOCK 159355 SQFT
AREA OF DEPARTURE BLOCK 103700 SQFT.
AREA OF LINK BLOCK 54350 SQFT
AREA OF 1 FLOOR 2.19 ACRES
AREA OF TOILETS/URINALS 0.38 ACRES
TICKET COUNTERS 5SQM
PUBLIC FACILITIES
TOILET GENTS- 74 NOS.
LADIES- 64 NOS.
WATER POINTS 75 NOS.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM 01 NO.
POLICE POST 01 NO.
CLOAK ROOMS 01 NO.
ENQUIRY & BOOTH 02 NO.
DELUXE TOILETS GENTS- 03 NOS.
LADIES- 02 NOS.
WATER COOLERS 10 NOS.
DIESEL GENERATOR SET 02 NOS.
S. NO SERVICE PROVIDER NUMBER
OF TRIPS
1 UP ROADWAYS 390
2 UTTARAKHAND 165
3 PUNJAB 123
4 RAJASTHAN 100
5 HIMACHAL PRADESH 68
6 HARYANA 647
7 DTC 230
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 2
9 CHANDIGARH TRANSP. CORP. 33
10 PVT (ON PERMIT BY STA) 35
11 PVT (OTHER) 35
12 OTHERS 23
13 TOTAL BUSES 1851
OCCUPANCY NUMBER OFBUSES FOOT-
FALL
30.9 1851 57209
BUS TRAFFIC SURVEY - OBSERVED PEAK HOUR FLOW IS 6.4% AT KASHMIRI GATE
26
0
ANSAL PLAZA AT DELHI, KHEL GAON MARG
ANSAL PLAZA AT DELHI IS AN EXQUISITE SAMPLE OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE BEAUTIFULLY LANDSCAPED WITH GREENERY AND
FOUNTAINS. LOCATED AT HUDCO PLACE IN THE HEART OF DELHI.
27
BACKGROUND
LOCATION: SOUTH DELHI
SUB LOCATION: KHEL GAON MARG
DEVELOPER: ANSAL PROPERTIES & INFRASTRUCTURE.
TOTAL FLOORS GROUND + 3 FLOORS
ARCHITECT JASBIR SAWANAY ASSOCIATES
SITE AREA 14000 SQM.
o BUILT UP AREA 17760 SQ.M.
o CIRCULATION 3300 SQ.M.
o CORE AREA 1440 SQ.M.
o OFFICIAL 8265.66 SQ.M.
o SHOPPING 9495 SQ.M.
CIRCULATION
OFFICIAL -
1349 SQ.M.
SHOWROOM I 130 SQ.M.
SHOWROOM II 80 SQ.M.
DEPARTMENTAL
STORES (G.F.)
760 SQ.M.
ENTRANCE
LOBBIES
102 SQ.M.
FIRE CONTROL
ROOM
14.4 SQ.M.
RESTAURANT 200 SQ.M.
LIFT LOBBIES 20 SQ.M.
TOILET 20 SQ.M.
BASEMENT AREA 10000 SQ.M.
GRID 6 M X 8 M & 7 M
28
LAYOUT & PLANNING
THE BASIC PLANNING IS INTROVERT IN NATURE. IT CONSISTS OF TWO HALF (C SHAPE) CIRCULAR BLOCKS CONNECTED BY THE BRIDGE AS FOUR
FLOORS ENCLOSING AN AMPHITHEATRE 50M.DIAMETER HAS BEEN CLOSELY LANDSCAPED. THE INNER PERIPHERY OF THE BLOCKS HAS BEEN GLAZED
AND ALONG WITH RUNS THE CORRIDOR SO THE SHOPPER ALWAYS GETS THE VIEW TOWARDS THE AMPHITHEATRE. THERE IS A JUTTING BLOCK'
FROM ONE BLOCK AND IT HAS THE BIG DEPARTMENTAL STORE—SHOPPER'S STOP THE JUNCTION OF THE BLOCKS FORMS THE ENTRY OF THE PLAZA.
SHOPPER'S STOP HAS GOT ITS OWN SEPARATE AND IT IS INTERNALLY CONNECTED THROUGH THE ENTRANCE LOBBY OF THE PLAZA.
CORRIDORS RUNNING ALONG INNER PERIPHERY GIVE A CONSTANT VIEW OF THE PLAZA THUS FORMED.
THE COMPLEX IS SURROUNDED BY GUEST HOUSE BLOCKS AND APARTMENTS.
ENTRY TO THE SITE IS COMMON. THERE ARE TWO ACCESSES TO THE SITE, ONE SERVES AS THE ENTRY
AND THE OTHERS ACT AS THE EXIST CONNECTED BY THE BRIDGE HAS GOT THE HELICAL RAMP EXIT THE
BRIDGE IS USED
TOTAL AREA OF PARKING IS 9850 SQ.MT. WHICH ALSO INCLUDES THE OTHER SERVICES LIKE A.C. PLANT
GENERATOR ROOMS AND SPACE FOR M.T.N.L. ETC.
SERVICE ENTRY
A SERVICE ROAD IS PROVIDED WHICH RUNS ON THE OUTER PERIPHERY OF THE BUILDING. A RAMP OF THE SLOPE 1:7 HAS BEEN
PROVIDED TO HAVE THE ACCESS UP TO THE SERVICE LIFT TO THE SERVICE ROAD.
(FROM THE BACK) ONE SERVICE LIFT HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR THE FIRST BUILDING AND ONE FOR THE OTHER BUILDING.
ENTRANCE
THERE IS ITS OWN ENTRY FOR THE BIGGER DEPARTMENTAL STORE AND ADJACENT TO THIS IS THE ENTRY FOR THE MALL,
ANSAL PLAZA IS SITUATED NEAR THE POSH MARKET AREA OF SOUTH EXTENSION IN SOUTH DELHI. AN AMPHITHEATER WITH A
CENTER STAGE ALONG WITH A 45-FEET HIGH ATRIUM FRENCH GLASS CURTAIN WALL THAT FILTERS OUT ULTRAVIOLET AND OTHER
HARMFUL RADIATIONS THIS MALL IS CONSIDERED AN ARCHITECTURAL SPLENDOR. IT HAS EMERGED AS A MAJOR LANDMARK.
THE MALL OFFERS A CLIMATE-CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT THAT REMOVES THE FATIGUE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHOPPING,
COMPLETE WITH AN AMPHITHEATER, A SHOPPING COMPLEX, OFFICES, TWIN LEVEL
29
Ground floor plan first floor plan
WHICH IS NOT CLEARLY DEFINED, AND SOMEWHAT SUBDUED.
THE ENTRY ATRIUM IS DOUBLE HEIGHT AND HAS ESCALATORS WHICH LAND, AT THE FIRST FLOOR CORRIDOR. THEN ONWARD VERTICAL
MOVEMENT BECAUSE THERE ARE ONLY FOUR FLOORS AS STAIRS AND LIFT IS PROVIDED. BUT A SHOPPER FINDS ITS.
ACTIVITY STRUCTURE
THE COMPLEX HAS FOUR FLOORS HEIGHT ON GROUND FLOORS AND FIRST FLOOR SHOWROOMS HAVE BEEN PLACED WHILE ON SECOND
AND THIRD FLOOR OFFICES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED.
THE OFFICIAL DOESN'T HAVE THE SEGREGATED ENTRY. SO THERE IS INTERMIXING OF THE OFFICIAL AND SHOPPERS, IT SOME WHAT
CREATE CONFUSION AND THUS A PROBLEM TO THE OFFICIALS IN THE PEAK TIME
CIRCULATION PATTERN
THE CIRCULATION CORRIDORS ARE CURVING IN NATURE SO PROVIDES A GOOD VIEW OF THE FOURTH COMING SHOPS.
30
WIDTH OF CORRIDORS GROUND FLOOR 3.6 M.
FIRST FLOOR 2.5 M.
AREA 8000 SQM. (UNDER RETAIL SHOPPING)
6700 SQM. UNDER OFFICE USE.
SERVICE CORE
THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL DISTANCE OF THE CIRCULAR BUILDING IS 125M. SERVICE CORES HAVE BEEN LOCATED AT RECTANGULAR INTERVALS
OF 36M THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING. THERE ARE THREE SERVICE CORES IN WHICH LIFT, TOILETS, TELEPHONE , ELECTRICAL DUCTS HAVE BEEN
PASSED. THE AREA OF ONE SERVICE CORE ONE FLOOR IS 72 SQ.M.
PARKING
THE BASEMENT EXISTS UNDER THE WHOLE COMPLEX. IT IS RESERVED FOR PARKING AND SERVICES. IT HAS GOT PROVISION FOR 210 CARS
AND 400 TWO WHEELER.
SEMI BASEMENT 55CARS ………………BASEMENT 155 CARS
IT HAS A BRIDGE CONNECTING THE ENTRY AND EXIT SERVICES
31
AIR CONDITION & PLANT ROOM
THE WHOLE PLAZA IS CENTRALLY AIR-CONDITIONED. THE PLANT ROOM IS PLACED CENTRALLY IN THE BASEMENT JUST BELOW THE PLAZA
SO AS TO CATER THE TWO BUILDING EQUALITY. THE TONNAGE OF THE PLAZA IS 900 TONES. 6 CHILLERS HAVE BEEN PLACED ON THE
TERRACE OF THE BUILDING. EACH CHILLER IS OF 147 TONS CAPACITY
A.H.U.
A.H.U., ARE RUNNING EQUIDISTANT AT 35M, 3 A.H.U.S ARE IN THE BUILDING AND TWO A.H.U.S ARE IN THE SECOND ONE A.H.U.S VOIDS IN THIS
BUILDING, ARE CEILING HANGING. THEY ARE ADJACENT IN THE UPPER CEILING OF EACH LIFT LOBBY.
FIRE EXITS
IN THE FIRST LOBBY THERE ARE TWO FIRE EXITS AT THE TWO ENDS. THESE ARE LOCATED AT THE DISTANCE OF 50M. PERIPHERAL DISTANCE.
SPRINKLERS
A RESERVOIR OF 45000 IT CAPACITY IS LOCATED AND 5 SPRINKLES PUMPS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED WHICH BEGUN AS SOON AS FIRE IS DETECTED.
THERE ARE FEEDED BY THE BUCK UP GENERATORS IN CASE OF A FIRE. HEAT/SMOKE DETECTORS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED PROPERLY AND IN CORRIDORS
AND IN SHOPS AND IN REGULAR INTERVALS OF 7M IN CORRIDOR AND 3M IN SHOPS.
FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE FIGHTING PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN PROPERLY MADE IN THE COMPLEX. HOSEPIPES HAVE BEEN PROPERLY INSTALLED AT THE LIFT LOBBY AND
AT THE STAIRCASES. EXTINGUISHERS INSTALLED AT REGULAR INTERVALS THROUGHOUT THE CORRIDOR.
32
FIRE CONTROL ROOM
LOCATED AT THE GROUND FLOOR IT IS EQUIPPED WITH THE FIRE PANEL SYSTEM. AS SOON AS THE FIRE BREAKS UP IN ANY PART OF THE
BUILDING, IT IS INDICATED ON THE PANEL AND IT STARTS ITS OPERATIONS BY GIVING WARNING/FIRE ALARM TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC AND
THE FIRE FIGHTING STAFF FOR TAKING THE NECESSARY MEASURES. ELECTRIC SUPPLY IS IMMEDIATELY CUTOFF AND SPRINKLERS START
WORKING.
INFERENCES
THE MALL HAS GOT ONLY RESTAURANT IN ITS FIRST BUILDING, CATERING TO THE WHOLE MALL, AGAIN NO INFORMAL PLACES
VISUAL LINKAGES ARE GOOD THE CURVED SHAPE OF CORRIDOR WAYS GIVES THE PRE INFORMATION OF THE NEXT STOP AND ALSO
REDUCES THE LENGTH OF THE CORRIDOR PSYCHOLOGICALLY. VISUAL LINKAGES BETWEEN THE SUBSEQUENT FLOORS, AGAIN HELPS TO
CREATE A GOOD VISUAL SEQUENCE.
NATURAL LIGHTING TRAPPED THROUGH THE SKYLIGHT ALSO EXPOSES THE TRUE COLORS OF THE SIGNBOARDS AND BANNERS.
SERVICE HAS BEEN PROPERLY PLACED IN THE BASEMENT, PROPERLY CONNECTED THROUGH THE STAIRS AND LIFT.
DUE TO RADIAL GRID, ALL NUMBER OF SHOPS IS RECTANGULAR. IN THE BASEMENT DUE TO RADIAL GRID, EFFICIENT CAR PARKING IS NOT
POSSIBLE.
CONNECTING BRIDGE IS NONE AIR-CONDITIONED; TO TRANSITING FROM ONE BLOCK TO OTHER YOU HAVE TO CROSS THROW A NON AIR
CONDITIONED BRIDGE WHICH IS GOING FROM AIR-CONDITION TO NON AIR-CONDITIONED THEN AIR- CONDITIONED, IS NOT A
GOOD IDEA.
CIRCULATION
FROM MAIN ROAD TO COMPLEX THERE IS ONE ENTRY AND ONE EXITS ARE PROVIDED, VEHICULAR ENTERED FROM THE ENTRY AND
PARKING IS PROVIDE AT SURFACE AS WELL IN THE BASEMENTS, ONE WAY TRAFFIC FLOW IS USED FOR EASY AND SMOOTH DRIVING AS
WELL TO HAVE CONTROL ON THE TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS.
FOR PEDESTRIAN VERTICAL MOVEMENT- LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND STAIRCASES ARE PROVIDED.
ONE OF THE GOOD FEATURES OF THIS COMPLEX IS THE DESCENDED BALCONIES. THE COMPLEX IS FULLY AIR-CONDITIONED. SKY LIGHTS ARE PROVIDED
AT THE TOP.
33
ESCALATORS ARE PROVIDED ON THE RIGHT SIDE BUILDING, BUT SERVICE CORE OF ONE STAIR WITH ONE LIFT IS PROVIDED IN THE BOTH BUILDING BLOCK.
ONE MAIN ATTRACTION OF THE ANSAL PLAZA IS THE POLLUTION CONTROL TOWER WHICH IS ATTACHED TO THE GENERATOR ROOM BASEMENT WHICH
COLLECTS FUMES FROM THERE AND EXHAUST FROM VEHICLES AND PURIFY THEM BEFORE RELEASING TO THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS APPROX 30 MT-35
MT HIGH, THIS IS THE MOST PROMINENT FEATURE OF THE MALL.
IN PLANNING, MALL AREA IS TOTALLY UN-DISTURBED FROM ANY TRAFFIC.
AESTHETICS
IT'S VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC LIKE ITS PHYSICAL FORM -GEOMETRY, SHAPE, FACADE, ROOF SHADE, ITS FEATURES, COLORS, TEXTURES, DECORATION,
ORNAMENTATION, AND ITS VIEWING CONDITION, THE DISTANCE AND THE ANGLE FROM WHICH IT’S VIEWED.
IT HAS A WELL TREATED EXTERNAL FACADE OF RED BRICIK WITH SOME BLUE COLOR TILES AT TOP LEVEL.
• IT HAS A GOOD COMBINATION OF GLASS WITH SOLID.
• ALL MODERN MATERIALS ARE USED IN THE ANSAL PLAZA.
• A VERY GOOD EFFORT WAS MADE TOWARDS THE LANDSCAPE.
34
SUPER BUS TERMINAL, JALANDHAR,
BACKGROUND
CLIENT PUNJAB STATE BUS STAND MANAGEMENT COMPANY LIMITED
ARCHITECT SWINDER SAWHEEY ASSOCIATES
COMPLETE IN 2007
SITE AREA 12.51 ACRES
BUILT-UP AREA 18000 SQM
SITE LOCATION
THE TERMINAL IS LOCATED IN THE HEART OF THE CITY. IT IS SURROUNDED BY ROADS ON 3 SIDES. IT IS ABOUT 8 KMS. FROM THE RAILWAY
STATION. THE LONG ROUTE BUSES ENTER THE TERMINAL THROUGH THE ROAD PERPENDICULAR TO THE GARHA ROAD. THE SHORT
ROUTE BUSES ENTER THROUGH G.T. ROAD.
TERMINAL CATERS TO A DAILY BUS SCHEDULE OF 3,000 BUSES AND 1,00,000 FOOTFALLS PER DAY. MOST CONSUMERS OF THE SERVICES
ARE FROM THE LOWER OR MIDDLE-LEVEL INCOME GROUPS. THE EXISTING TERMINAL HAS BEEN RE-DESIGNED AND THE NEW DESIGN
ADDRESSES
AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO TRANSFORM THE EXISTING SITUATION OF CHAOS, HAPHAZARD CIRCULATION AND THE NON-EXISTENT
ESTATE SERVICES INTO A PROGRESSIVE, DYNAMIC AND FUTURISTIC DESIGN WHICH WOULD ADAPT ITSELF TO THE CHANGING NEEDS
OF SOCIETY.
35
THE PROPOSED NEW TERMINAL PLAN WAS INTEGRATED WITH THE EXISTING TERMINAL BUILDING BOTH FUNCTIONALLY AND
AESTHETICALLY. THE PLAN EVOLVED HAS SEPARATED BOTH LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUS TRAFFIC AND CONVERTED THE TERMINAL
INTO AN ACTIVE URBAN STREET.
TWO BUS DEPARTURE BAYS NAMELY, STEPPED PARALLEL AND RADIAL SAW TOOTH HAVE BEEN DESIGNED KEEPING FUNCTION IN MIND.
THE PLAN DEFINES SPECIFIC DOMAINS FOR THE PASSENGER AND THE BUS MOVEMENTS WITH CONVENIENT INTERCHANGES. IT
ENCOURAGES SHORT LINES OF FLOW AND MINIMIZES WALKING DISTANCE TO THE TERMINAL BUILDING.
THE RADIAL SAW TOOTH PATTERN OF THE DEPARTURE BAYS ADDS A UNIQUE GEOMETRY TO THE PLAN. THE WING SHAPED ROOF
INCREASES THE NATURAL LIGHTING BY ACTING AS LIGHT SHAFTS AND REDUCES POLLUTION IN THE TERMINAL BUILDING BY SUCKING
OUT VEHICULAR POLLUTION THROUGH VENTS LOCATED AT THE UPPER LEVELS.
36
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
THE NEW DESIGN ADDRESSES THREE SIGNIFICANT COMPONENTS OF TERMINAL
BUSES AND THEIR UNOBSTRUCTED MOVEMENT, PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION AND THEIR SAFETY AND PASSENGER VEHICLES AND THEIR
MOVEMENT.
THE PLAN EVOLVED HAS SEGREGATED THE TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AND CONVERTED THE TERMINAL INTO AN ACTIVE URBAN STREET.
APPROACH TO SITE
SHORT ROUTE BUSES HAVE BEEN SEGREGATED FROM THE LONG ROUTE BUSES BY HAVING A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXITS.
IDLE PARKING TOR THE LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUSES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED IN SUCH AWAY SO AS TO NOT DISTURB THE MOVEMENT
OF BUS ENTERING OR LEAVING THE TERMINAL
A SEPARATE PASSENGER ENTRY AND EXIT IS PROVIDED.
THIS PASSENGER ENTRY AND EXIT IS ALSO USED BY OTHER VEHICLES FOR APPROACHING THEIR INDIVIDUAL PARKING.
A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXIT FOR LONG ROUTE BUSES HAS BEEN PROVIDED SEGREGATING IT FROM PEDESTRIAN.
SINCE THE ARRIVAL BLOCK LIES IN THE CENTRE OF BOTH THE DEPARTURE OF LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUSES, HENCE IT BECOMES
CONVENIENT TO THE PASSENGERS TO TRAVEL TO THE ARRIVAL BLOCK IS CENTRALLY LOCATED WHICH IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE FROM THE
MAIN PASSENGER ENTRANCE FROM TWO OF ITS SIDES.
THE DEPARTURE OF SHORT ROUTE BUSES HAS BEEN PROPERLY SEGREGATED FROM THE LONG ROUTE BUSES BY LOCATING THEM AT
OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE ARRIVAL BLOCK
PARKING IS LOCATED AT AN APPROPRIATE DISTANCE FROM THE OTHER MAIN BLOCKS SO THAT PASSENGERS USING THE TERMINAL
DO NOT HAVE TO TRAVEL A LARGE DISTANCE TO ARRIVE THE BLOCKS.
THE PLAN ENCOURAGES SHORT LINES OF FLOW AND WALKING DISTANCE TO THE TERMINAL BUILDING HAS BEEN MINIMIZED.
37
AREA ANALYSIS
BUS TERMINAL
S
NO
REQUIREMENTS CASE STUDY
KASHMERE
GATE DELHI
CASE STUDY
SEC 17
CHANDIGARH
LIT STUDY
SUPER BUS
TERMINAL
JALANDHAR
STANDARDS REQ.AREA REMARK (PEAK HOUR
PASSANGER)
@ PER UNIT AREA
1. ENTRANCE LOUNGE 1.5 SQ.M. 1875 25%OF THE PEAK
HOUR PASS. (5000)
A. ENQUIRY 1@20 1@15 1@30 1.5 SQ.M 25 SQ.M 5 ATTENDANT
B. TOURIST INFORMATION 1@20 1@20 1@20 6 SQ.M 30 SQ.M 5 ATTENDANT
C. TICKET BOOTH 5SQ.M AS PER NO.OF BAY
D. BOOK STALL 10 SQ.M 20 SQ.M 2NO.
E. PUBLIC TELE 2@7 6@7 6@18 70 SQ.M 70 SQ.M 10 BOOTH
F. TOILET 2SQ.M./WC
&5SQ.M./WB
&URINAL
W/C-1/250 FOR
MALE,1/100 FOR
FEMALE, URINAL-1/50,
WB-1/200 MALE
FEMALE
2. WAITING HALL 1@50 1@20 2SQ.M. 750SQ.M. 15% OF PEAK HR.
PASS IN ½ HOUR
CYCLE
42
A. KIOSK 10SQ.M. 60 SQ.M. 6 NOS.
B. TOILET 6@18 SAME M-23SQ.M.
F-12 SQ.M.
30% OF THE LOADING
BAY CAPACITY
C. DRINKING WATER 4NOS.
3. DEPARTUTRE LOUNGE 2SQ.M.
A. ENQUIRY 1@20 1@15 1@30 5SQ.M. 2 ATTENDANT
B. KIOSK 12@7.5 18@9 9@12 10SQ.M.
C. DRINKING WATER 12@5 5@5 7@3 3SQ.M.
D. TICKET BOOTH 10@5 15@5 15@5 5SQ.M.
E. TOILET 10@18 8@18 6@18 2SQ.M./WC&1.
5SQ.M./WB
&URINAL
4. ARRIVAL LOUNGE
A. KIOSK 6@7.5 12@9 6@12 2 STALL EACH
B. DRINKING WATER 4@5 2@5 2@5
C. TELE. BOOTH 5@7 9@7
D. TOILET 4@18
E. TOURIST INFOM. 1@20 1@20
5. ANNOUN. &REPORTING 1@25 1@25 30SQ.M. 1 NOS.
6. BUS CREW STAFF 625SQ.M.
A. CAFETARIA 160SQ.M. 160SQ.M.
43
B. DORMITORIES 420SQ.M. 420SQ.M.
LOCKER 45SQ.M. 45SQ.M.
7. COMMUTER FACILITES
A. BARBER SHOP 30SQ.M. 30SQ.M.
B. DORMITORY 2@50 1@30 1@30 128SQ.M. 4@32 FOR 10BED
CHEMIST 1@9 1@15 30SQ.M. 30SQ.M. 1 NO.
DISPENSARY 1@30 1@25 50SQ.M. 50SQ.M. 1NO.
RESTAURANT 1@75 FOR 30 1.2 / PERSON 300SQ.M. 1NO.
8. MISCELLANEOUS 690SQ.M. 1NO.
A BANK 2@15 1@15 150 SQ.M 150 SQ.M 1NO.
B POST &TELEGRAPH 1@15 1@20 80 SQ.M 1NO.
C POLICE POST 1@25 1@30 1@25 150 SQ.M 150 SQ.M 1NO.
D PUMP ROOM 1@80 1@100 150 SQ.M 2NO.
E AIR BOOKING COUNTER 80 SQ.M 1NO.
F RAIL BOOKING COUNTER 1@25 1@100 180SQ.M 1NO.
9. OFFICE
A MANAGER „S ROOM 1@15 1@20 1@25 1@25 25 SQ.M. 1NO.
B IN – CHARGE ROOM 1@15 1@20 1@15 1@15 20 SQ.M. 1NO.
C ACCOUNTS OFFICE 1@25 1@25 1@30 1@30 30 SQ.M. 1NO.
D ADMINSTRATIVE OFFICE 1@25 1@25 1@30 1@30 30 SQ.M. 1NO.
E OTHER OFFICE 15 SQ.M. 1NO.
44
REQUIREMENT
THE MAIN PROJECT COMPONENTS TO BE DEVELOPED AT THE PROJECT SITE ARE:
BUS TERMINAL AND RELATED PASSENGER FACILITIES.
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX / TOWER
SUB-WAY
HELIPAD
ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
OFFICE SPACE, SHOPPING MALL, FOOD COURTS, RESTAURANTS, HYPERMARKET, RETAIL SHOWROOMS, BANKS AND ATM OTHER
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES (COMPONENTS) OF THE BUS TERMINAL
PASSENGER CONCOURSE, TICKET COUNTER, WASHROOM, INFORMATION DESK, FACILITIES OF HANDICAPPED, CLOCK ROOM, BUS
CIRCULATION AREA, BUS BAY, PARKING FACILITIES, CONTROL ROOM, HIGH-TEC SECURITY SYSTEM , DRINKING WATER, FIREFIGHTING
SYSTEM, POWER BACKUP. TOURISM, ROADWAYS, RAILWAYS, POLICE POST, REFRESHMENTS, TELEPHONE BOOTHS, BOOK SHOPS, ETC.
RESTAURANTS & FOOD COURT, LODGE & DORMITORIES, WAITING ROOM, REST ROOMS, BANK, ETC.
BUS TERMINAL „ENVISION‟
AUTOMATIC ‘SCHEDULE DISPLAY’ SYSTEM ALONG WITH PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM SAFETY PARAMETERS NO PASSENGER-VEHICLE
CONFLICT SEGREGATION OF PVT. VEHICLES & BUSES ‘DRIVE-WAY CONCEPT‟
DESIGN PARAMETER FOR BUS TERMINAL
FOR INTERSTATE BUS AVERAGE STOPPAGE TIME IS 12 MINUTES EMBARKATION PLATFORM AND 6 MIN TO DISEMBARKATION PLATFORM
& FOR LOCAL STOPPAGE TIME 5- 10 MIN-MAX.
FUNCTIONAL & GEOMETRIC DESIGN PARAMETER FOR BUS TERMINAL
BUS - 2.46 X 10.91 X 3.2 (VOLVO)
BUS BAY- SAW, RADIAL, STRAIGHT,
45
AREA CALCULATION
THE INTERSTATE BUS TERMINUS IS TO BE DESIGNED TO HANDLE 1938 TRIPS ~ 2000 TRIPS PER DAY
PEAK HOUR FLOW IS EQUAL TO 10 % OF TOTAL DAILY FLOW.
INCOMING BUSES (AT UNLOADING BAYS) = 50% OF TOTAL BUSES = 1000 NOS
INCOMING BUSES (AT LOADING BAYS) = 50% OF TOTAL BUSES = 1000 NOS
OCCUPANCY IN PEAK HOUR = 50 PASSANGER/ BUS
TOTAL PASSANGER TO BE HANDLED BY TERMINAL = 50 X 2000 = 1,00,000
NO. OF BAYS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING HAVE BEEN CALCULATED AS
=TOTAL NO OF BUSES IN PEAK HOUR / BAY CAPACITY IN 1 HOUR.
LOADING - EFFICIENT LOADING OPERATIONAL TIME FOR AN INTERSTATE BUS = 12 MINUTES.
BAYS CAPACITY IN PEAK HOUR = 60MIN/12MIN= 5 NOS
UNLOADING - EFFICIENT UNLOADING OPERATIONAL TIME = ½ OF LOADING OPERATION =6 MIN
BAYS CAPACITY IN PEAK HOUR = 60MIN/6MIN= 10 NOS
BUS BAYS PERCENTAGE NO OF
BUSES
OCCUPANCY
/BUS
NO OF
PASSANGER
PEAK HOUR
LOAD (BUS)
PEAK HOUR
LOAD
(PASSANGER)
NO OF BAYS
LOADING
BAYS
50% 1000 50 50,000 100 5000 100/5=20
UNLOADIN
G BAYS
50% 1000 50 50,000 100 5000 100/10=10
AREA OF BUS NO. OF BAYS AREA/BAY (SQ.MT.) TOTAL AREA
(SQ.MT.)
ADDING 50 %
CIRCULATION SPACE
46
LOADING 20 76 2150 3225
UNLOADING 10 104 1040 1560
IDLE PARKING 40 66 2640 3960
HIRED
MODES
AUTO RICKSAW 100 5 500 750
TAXI 50 16 800 1200
PRIVATE
MODES
CAR 50 25 1250 1875
TWO WHEELERS 100 4 400 600
AREA REQUIREMENT
BUS TERMINAL FOOT FALL PROJECTED 50,000 – 60,000
POTENTIAL BUS TRIPS / DAY -1938 ~ 2000
BUS TERMINAL AREA = 20% OF TOTAL BUILDING AREA =17063 SQMT
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX = 80% OF TOTAL BUILDING AREA =68254 SQMT
OFFICE SPACE 60% 40953 SQMT
SHOPPING 40% 27301 SQMT
47
Floor plans
Elevations
Sections
3 – D views
Details
Electives
Fire fighting
Working drawing
DRAWINGS & DETAILS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Architecture + design July 2004 & June 06
CBRE_final_report_mohali_bus_terminal_project
Redevelopment of ISBT at Sarai kale khan (DIMTS)
Master plan of Mohali BY GMADA
Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning - L.R. Kadiyali
Master architect series –II Norman foster
High rise building by V. K. Jain
NBC of India 2005
Neufert Architects' Data
Time Saver Standards
www.google.com/earth/
www.scribd .com
www.4shared.com
REFERENCE BUILDINGS
HSBC HEADQUARTER HONGKONG
PROPOSED ISBT AT DWARIKA
30_ST_MARY_AXE, LONDON
METRO BHAVAN AT DELHI
COMMERZ BANK HEADQUARTER, FRANKFURT
MADRID BARAJAS AIRPORT, SPAIN
GEORGES POMPIDOU CENTRE, FRANCE
REDEVELOPMENT OF ISBT ANAND VIHAR, DELHI
LONDON‟S THIRD AIRPORT, STANDSTED
KASHMERE GATE METRO, AT DELHI
WORLD TRADE CENTRE, NEWYORK, FOSTER, ROGER & MAKI
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