is 7422-1 (1974): symbols and abbreviations for use in
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IS 7422-1 (1974): Symbols and abbreviations for use ingeological maps, sections and subsurface exploratory logs,Part 1: Abbreviations [WRD 5: Gelogical Investigation andSubsurface Exploration]
Isr7422(PutI)-1974
Indian Standard SYMBOLS AND AIiBREVIATIONS FOR
USE IN GEOLOGICAL ‘MAPS, SECTIONS AND SUBSURFACE EXBLORATORY LOGS
PART I ABBREVIATIONS
Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee, BDC 49
Chairman R@rwlting
SHRI V. S. KRWHNA~WAMY Geological Survey of Indiq, Lucknow
Members CHIEFENGINEER National Projects Corrstructiort Corporation Ltd,
New Delhi SHRI S. K. AGGARWAL (Alternate )
CHIEP ENGINEER ( IRRIGA~ON ) Irrigation & Power- Department, Government of Rajasthan, Jaiput
SHRI K. N. DADINA In personal capacity Calcutta )
( P-820, &k P, .hGw Ali&w,
SHRI K. R. DATYE In personal capacity ( _No. 2 R&m Mansion, First Floor,
SHRI V. R. DEUSKAR Colaba Causeway, Bombay 400001)
Irrigation & Power Department, Govenunent of
SHRI S. hl. BHALERAO (Alternate) Maharashtra, Koyua
Dm~cron ( CSMRS ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING E NOXNII ER,
CHENAB I~~E~TZGATION ( Altcmotc ) SHRI H. DOSHI
SHRI V. L. GORIANI (Alternate) Christensen-Longyear ( India ) Ltd, Bombay
SK-IRIS. N. K. IYENCAR Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI J. F. MISTRY Public Worlu Department, Government of Gujarat,
Ahmedabad Sum H. C. PARMAR ( Alternate )
SHRI K. S. S. MURTHY SHRI A. hf. NE~URKAR
Ministry of Irrigation % Power, New Delhi ‘Rodio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat
SHRI A. N. JANGLE ( Alttrnats ) & Co, Bombay
SHRI B. K. PANTHAKY Hindwtan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. S. DIWAN ( Alternate )
SHRI N. K. PILLAI Voltar Limited, Bombay SHRI A. N. INDURKAR ( Alternate )
( Continwd on pagt 2 )
@ Copyright 1975 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian CopVright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS:7422(PartI)-1974
( Chhwdfrom pap 1 )
Members
Swlu c. GOP.ALASWAMY RAO
RJ~PRLsENTATIVE RCPRESENTATIVH SHRI R. K. SABHARWAL SHRI S. S. SAHI
SHRI M. M. ANAND ( Altern& ) SHRI S. SATAPAIHI
SECRETARY DEPIJTY SECRETARY ( Altcrnnlt )
SWRI D. P. SENGUPTA Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR 1. Roorkcc
SHRI DXVENDRA SHARNA (Allmale I SHRI H. D. SHARMA SHRX P. s. Yoc
Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee Irrig;~~;n~;partmcnt, Government of Uttar Pradah,
SHRI D. AJITHA SIWHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg )
Stcrttary
SHRX G. RAXAN
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1
Rcprsctnting
Public Works & Electrical Department, Govcmnicnt of Karnataka, Bangalore
Engineering Research Laboratories, Hydcrabad Government of Himachal Pradesh Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay Public Works Department, Government of Punjab,
Chandigarh
Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubanawar
Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
Abbreviations, Symbols and Notations for Use in Geological Maps Panel, BDC 49 : P5
Concencr
SHRI V. S. KRISHNASWAMY Geological Survey of India, Lucknow
Members
SHRI M. S. JAIN’ Geological Survey of India, Lucknow Sttttt B. N. HUKKU ( Alkrnaft I )
SHRI S. K. SHOME ( Alkrnak II )
2
fsr7422(PartI)-1974
Indian Standard SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS FOR
USE IN GEOLOGICAL MAPS, SECTIONS AND SUBSURFACE EXPLORATORY LOGS
PART I ABBREVIATIONS
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part I ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 2 April 1974, after the draft finalized by the Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee Engineering Division Council.
had been approved by the Civil
0.2 In all spheres of engineering construction, data on the nature of the geological formations constituting the foundattons are indispensable. Often, these data are given on maps or in geological sections using symbols and abbreviations. Geological maps and ,sections are also required for other activities, such as mining -and mineral prospecting. Such maps and sections are, therefore, being prepared by various agehcies iu the country. In the absence of any standard for the guidance of the engineering geolo- gist or engineer, different symbols and abbreviations are being used for different agencies, the result being entirely different representations of the same geological data. The data collected and presented by one agency for a particular purpose are often useful to other agencies investigating for a different job. It, therefore, becomes essential for all agencies to follow the same practice. This standard fulfils this need.
0.2.1 This standard ( Part I ) deals with abbreviations while other parts are as follows:
Part IT Igneous rocks Part III Sedimentary rocks Part IV Metamorphic rocks
Part V Line symbols for formation contacts and structural features
0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. The abbreviations are based on the principles laid down by the International Organization for Standardization.
3
lS:74!22(PartI)-1974
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part I ) gives abbreviations to be used for describing stratigraphic divisions, geological features and minerals for use in geologi- cal maps, sections and logs of bore holes, test pits, exploratory drifts and shafts for river valley projects.
2. ABBREVIATIONS
2.1. Abbreviations to be used for describing stratigraphic divisions on geological maps and sections are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ABBREVIATIONS FOR DESCRIBING STRATIGRAPHIC DMSIONS . .
AOd ABBREVIATION
Quaternary Tertiary
Neogene Palaeogene
Mesozoic undifferentiated
Cretaceous
Jurdsic
Trias$c
Palaeozoic undi&rentiated
Permian carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Prc Cambrian
Q TT
N
Pzc MZ
K
J T
PZ
PC
D
s
0
G
A
2.2 mere necessary, the abbreviations given in Table 2 should be used for describing geological features in drill hole logs and geological sections.
2.3 Abbreviations for Minerals - Abbreviations for minerals given in Table 3 may be used for better characterization of rocks on geological maps and logs.
2.3.1 The mineral abbreviations should be in small letters, with the a- ception of chemical elements of which the first letter is a caprtal. In those cases where letters arealso used for designation of other rock characteristics, the abbreviations for minerals should be marked in a special way ( for example, by choosing a different type of writing or by framing the abbre- viations ). The marking should be precised in a key. If the occurrence
1 4
IS:7422(PartI)-19b4
of several minerals in the same rock is to be indicated by letters, the abb ‘e- viations shouid be listed in the range of importance of the minerals. most frequent mineral should be placed on top. i
e
2.3.2 Graphic Symbols for Important Minerals
2.3.2.1 The representation of minerals may be necessary for better characterization of certain rocks. In principle there are two possibilities to represent these minerals in the symbols for rocks as given below:
a) By adding an additional symbol characterizing the mineral to the elementary symbol of the rock in question ( given in Table 4 ).
b) By inscription of letters in the symbol of the rock ( given in Table 3 ).
2.3.2.2 It is impossible to fix symbols for all exist&t minerals because of their great number. Symbols for some of the common rock-forming minerals are given in Table 4.
TABLE 2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR DESGIUBING GEOLOGIGAL FJZATURE IN LOGS AND SECTIONS
( c1nwc 2.2 )
SL FEATURE ABBREVIATION 1 SL FEATURE ABBRWKllON
No.
1) altered
2) alternating
3) angular
4) auger hole
5) bedded
6) bedding plane
7) bedrock
8) bore hole
9) bottom
10) boulders
11) brecciated
12) calcareous ( limey )
13) calyx hole
14) carbonaceous
15) cavity
16) chert
17) chum drill hole
18) clay
altd
alt
ang AH
bdd
bdg. PI BR
BH
bot
bldrs
brec
talc
CXH
carb
CaV
ch
CDH
cl
I 0. Y
19) 20) 21) 22) 23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29) 30)
31)
32)
33)
342
35)
36)
clay-filled
coarse
coarse-grained
compact
conglomerate
consolidated
contact
core hole
cross bedding
crystalline
dark
drill hole
drive sample hole
fine
fine grained
Sshtailed hole
fissile
formation
cl.fd
C
c.gr
compt
cgl consol
cant
CH
cbdg
x-lline
dk
DH
DSH
f
f.gr
FH
tis
fm
(Csatnutc~)
5
ISr7422(PartI)-1974
TABLE 2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR W~SCRIBING GEOLOGICAL FEATURE IN LOGS AND SECTIONS - C&d
2. FEATURB
37) fracture
38) fragment
39) friable
40) granular
41) gravel
42) ground water
43) ground water table
44) hard
45) heavily
46) horizontal
47) igneous
48) impervious
49) indurated
50) interbedded
51) joint
52) laminated
53) light
54) limestone
55) massive
56) medium
57) medium-grained
58) metamorphic
59) micaceous
60) mineralized
61) mixture
62) moderately
63) mottled
64) non-siaking
65) occasional
66) outcrop
67) overburden
68) pervious
69) plastic
70) porous
71) quartz
ABBREvlAlION
frac
frag
fri
gran grav
GW
GWT
hd
hly horia
ig impv
ind
interb
jt iam
It
1st
masv
M or med
M.gr
mete
mic
mrld
mixt
mod
motld
non-Slkg
OCC
otc
ob
Perv
P1a.s
par
qta
SL FEATURE NO.
72) quart&e
73) reddish
74) rounded
75) sand
76) sand stone
77) sandy
78) sedimentary
79) shaft
80) shale
81) shaly
82) sheared
83) siliceouS
84) Silt
85) silt stone
86) aihy
87) sink-hole
88) slaking
89) slate
90) solution channel
91) specimen
92) speckled
93) sticky
94) sub-angular
95) sub-rounded
96) test pit
97) trench
98) tunnel
99) unconformity
,OO) unconsolidated
101) vertical
102) very coarse
103) very fine
104) wash boring
105) water table
ABBREVIATION
q=t red
rdd
sd
SSt
SdY sed
S
sh
shY shd
silic
st
slst
sty SH
slkg
Sl
sol. than
Spec speed
stky
subang
rubrdd
TP
T
TIJII
unconf
UllcorU
vert
v.c
v.f
WB
WT
6
IS : 7422 ( Part I ) - 1974
TABLE 3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR MINERALS [ Clauses 2.3 and 2.3.2.1 (b) ]
It:.
MINILRAL
1) Actinolite
2) Aegirine
3) Albite
4) Almandine
5) Alunitc
6) Amphibole
7) Andahtsitc
8) Anhydrite
9) Anorthite
10) Anthophyllite
11) Apatite
12) Arsenopyrite
13) Asbestos
14) Augite
15) Axinite
16) Barite
17) Bcryl
18) Biotite
19) Bismuthinitc
20) Calcite
21) Cancrinite
22) Camallite
23) Cassiterite
24) Cerussite
25) Chalcedony
26) Chalcophyrite
27) Chlorite
28) Chromite
29) Cinnabar
30) Cobaltite
31) Columbite
32) Cordieritc
33) Corundum
34) Datolite
35) Desmme
SYMBOL
ak 36) Mallage
ae 37) Diamond
ab 38) Dickite
al 39) Diopside
at 40) Dolomite
am 41) Epidote
ad 42) Feldspar
ah 43) Fircclay
an 44) Fluorite
ay 45) GSlena
ap 46) Garnet
ar 47) Gilbertite
as 48) Glauconite
au 49) Gold ( Native )
ax 50) Graphite
ba 51) Gypsum
be 52) Haematite
bi 53) Ha!ite, Rock salt
bs 54) Hornblende
cc 5.5) Hyperstene
ca 56) Illite
km 57) Ilmenite
kt 58) Jarosi te
ce 59) Kaolinite
cn 60) Kyanite
cP 61) Lcpidolite
ch 62) Leptochlorite
cr 63) Leucitc
hg 64) Limonite
cb 65) Magnetite
cl 66) Marcasite
co 67) Mica
ko 68) Microline
da 69) Molybdenite
dn 70) Monazite
h%.
MlNEQAL SYMBOL
dl
dm
dt
di
do
eP f
i-C
fl
g=
gr
mg
gk
Au
gf
g hm
na
h
hy it
il
jr kl
cY le
It
IC
Im
mt
ma’
mi
mk
mo
ma
( Gmtintud )
7
15 I 7422 ( Part I ) - 1974
TABLE 3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR MINERALS - Confd
SL No.
71)
72)
73)
74) 75)
76)
77)
78)
79)
86) 81)
82)
83)
84)
85)
86)
87)
88)
89)
96)
91)
92)
93)
94)
95)
MINERAL
Montmorillonite
Muscovite
Nacrite
Nepheline
Nontronite
Olivine
Orthite
Orthoclase
Ozokerite
Perovskite
Phlogopite
Plagioclase
Platinum ( Native )
Pyrite
Pyrochlore
Pyroxine
grope
Purdkene
Pyrrhotite
Quartz
Rhodochrosite
Rutile
Scapolite
Scheclite
SYMBOL
mm
mu
nk
ne
nt
ov
ot
or
ot
PW
Pl
Pg Pt
P
PC
P=
PO
PY
pn
4 ro
ru
sk
sh
so
SL No.
MINERAL
96) Sericite
97) Serpentine
98) Siderite
99) Sillimanite
100) Silver ( Native )
101) Spessartite
102) Sphalerite
103) Spine1
104) Spodumene
105) Staurolite
106) Stibnite
107) Sulphur
108) Sylvine
169) Talc
110) Titanite, Sphene
Ill) Titanomagnetite
112) Topaz
113) Tourmaline
114) Tremolite
115) Vanadinite
116) Vesuvianite
117) Wolframite
118) Wollastonite
119) Zeobte
120) Zinnawalditc
121) Zircon
SYMBOL
SC
se
si
sl
Ag Sll
zn
sP sd
St
sb
s k
tk
ti
tm
to
tu
tr
va
VI
w
WO
ze
aw
ar
8
IS:74!E?(PartI)-1974
TABLE 4 SYMBOLS FOR SOME COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINER&S [ Clausa 2.3.2.1 (a) ad 2.3.2.2 ]
MINERAL SYMBOL
Albite /I
Amphibole
Andalusite
Biotite
Calcite
chlorite
cordieritc
Epidote
a ---
--
__
--
Kyanitc
Magnetite
+
Muscovite I ---
OliViIlC
Phosphorite H
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