irrigation and nitrogen management web based …0.2 0.4 drip average kc = 0.33 during germination...
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Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Web Based Software for Lettuce ProductionWeb‐Based Software for Lettuce Production
Michael CahnMichael CahnIrrigation and Water Resources AdvisorU i it f C lif i C ti M t CUniversity of California, Cooperative, Monterey Co
Acknowledgements
Tim Hartz, Richard SmithCalifornia Department of Food and Agriculture, p g ,Fertilizer Research and Education ProgramUC ANR Communication Services Bryon NoelUC ANR Communication Services, Bryon NoelLee Johnson and Forrest Melton, CSUMB/NASAG ti i tGrower participantsChiquita FreshExpressTanimura and Antle
Lower Salinas Nutrient TMDLSalinas Valley Basin Plan
Ag OrderSWRCB SBX2 1
Tools for Managing Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Lettuce
Soil nitrate quick testSoil nitrate quick test (20 ppm NO3‐N = 70 to 80 lbs of N/acre/ft)
Weather‐based irrigation schedulingWeather based irrigation scheduling
Commercial Lettuce Nitrogen Fertilizer Trials
300
Standard BMP
250
150
200
bs N
/A
100
lb
Standard = 212 lbs N/acreBMP = 146 lbs N/acre
Difference = 66 lbs N/Acre
50
BMP = 146 lbs N/acre 66 lbs N/Acre
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 AveFieldField
Weather‐based irrigation scheduling
Converting Reference ET toConverting Reference ET to Crop ET:
ETcrop = ETref Kcrop
Kc can vary from 0.1 to 1.2
CIMIS weather networkCIMIS weather network
29 DAP 41 DAP
1 0sprinkler irrigation events
Estimated Kc of Lettuce(K
c) 0.8
1.0oe
ffici
ent
0.6
Sprinkler47 DAP 65 DAP
Cro
p C
o
0.2
0.4SprinklerDrip
Average Kc = 0.33 during germination with sprinklers
0 20 40 60 800.0
Days after Planting
0 20 40 60 80
Other information needs to be consideredI i ti S t U if it dIrrigation System Uniformity and
Application RateRooting Depth
S li it f W t SS il T Salinity of Water SourceSoil Type
How can water and N management tools be useful for large vegetable growing operations?useful for large vegetable growing operations?
Large growing operations have multiple decision makers One farm manager may be responsible for >100One farm manager may be responsible for >100 fields during a seasonOther responsibilities besides water and fertilizerOther responsibilities besides water and fertilizer N management
Web‐based Irrigation and N management software for lettucesoftware for lettuce
https://ucanr.edu/cropmanage
Integrate information from multiple sources
Crop ET modelWatering R d i
Soil and Ranch
Database
Crop ET model Recommendation
Driven Web Application
N fertilizer RecommendationCIMIS ETo
Crop N model
lSoil nitrate testDisplay and export water and fertilizer records
Field sensorsSoil nitrate test
Decision support using crop models
Current crops supportedCurrent crops supported
Romaine, 40‐inch wide beds (2 plant rows)Romaine, 80‐inch wide beds (5 to 6 plant rows) , ( p )Iceberg, 40‐inch wide beds (2 plant rows)Iceberg 80‐inch wide beds (5 to 6 plant rows)Iceberg, 80 inch wide beds (5 to 6 plant rows)
Steps to Using CropManageSteps to Using CropManage
1. Establish user login2 S h2. Set up a ranch3. Add new plantings to ranch4. Enter soil tests, fertilizer, or
irrigation events for plantingsgat o e e ts o p a t gs
How is N fertilizer rate determinedHow is N fertilizer rate determined from the quick nitrate test?
Recommended F ili N Future Crop N uptake
( )
Fertilizer N =
– (Quick Test N ‐ threshold NO3‐N)
l l– Soil mineralization N
l d– Plant residue N
N uptake rate by head lettuce (40 i h id b d )(40 inch‐wide beds)
ptak
e
1.0
1.2
mum
N u
p
0.8
of m
axim
0.4
0.6
Frac
tion
0.2
Fraction of crop growth period
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.0
Fraction of crop growth period
100100Iceberg lettuce canopy cover
ver (
%)
60
80
ver (
%)
60
80
Can
opy
Co
20
40
Can
opy
Co
20
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
20
Days after PlantingDays after Planting
Spatial CIMIS ETo Reporting
Interface with UCD SoilWeb Tool
Irrigation System Application Rate (inches/hr)
User Support: CropManage Blog
How much water was applied?
Evaluate and Document Water Management
nche
s)
10
12
CropManage Recommendationnche
s)
14
16
CropManage RecommendationGrower Application
Wat
er (i
8
10 p gGrower Application
Wat
er (i
10
12Grower Application
pplie
d W
6
App
lied
W
6
8
lativ
e A
2
4
lativ
e A
2
4
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cum
ul
0
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cum
u
0
2
Days after Planting
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Days after Planting
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Field Validation of CropManagep g
Applied water Commercial Treatment sprinkler drip1
lbs/acreinchesYield
Grower Standard 4.1 4.9 17935CropManage 4.1 3.8 183891 comparison was on last 7 irrigations
Applied N CommercialTreatment
Applied N Fertilizer
Commercial Yield
lbs per acre ------- lbs per acre --------Grower Standard 211 19114CropManage 149 18760CropManage 149 18760
Summary of Commercial Lettuce Strip Trials (2012‐2013)ow
er)
120
140Grower CropManage
% o
f Gro
80
100
e Yi
eld
(%
60
80
33% (57 lbs N/Ac) less N applied
arke
tabl
e
20
4033% (57 lbs N/Ac) less N applied following CropManage
1 2 3 4 5 6 AVG
Ma
0
20
Trial
Replicated Irrigation Trial for Iceberg Lettuce
CFR1
Treatment untrimmed trimmed untrimmed trimmed yieldhead wt carton yield
Treatment untrimmed trimmed untrimmed trimmed yield lbs/head
Grower standard (150% ETc) 2.73 1.60 73903 43221 41070 --------- lbs/acre ----------
CropManage (100% ETc) 2.76 1.61 75623 44109 39579LSD0.05 ns ns ns ns ns1. Cored for region
Grower interest
> 350 users> 350 users> 100 Ranches3500 i i CM> 3500 visits to CM
blog since Jan 2013g
The road ahead…
N contribution from irrigation water?g
Final Thoughts
Web applications can be useful for repackaging research lt i t i l t d i i t t lresults into simple to use decision support tools
W b l h l t k th i ti dWeb apps can also help growers track their practices and demonstrate they are managing nutrients and water ffi i tlefficiently
C M i t ti l t l f lt t dCropManage is a potential tool for crop consultants and advisers to use in assisting growers with water and N
t d i imanagement decisions.
Questions?
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