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Investments in Safety by JR East JapanInvestments in Safety by JR East Japan
HIDEAKI KIMURAHIDEAKI KIMURATransport Safety Department Transport Safety Department
East Japan Railway Company East Japan Railway Company
International Railway Safety Conference in LondonInternational Railway Safety Conference in London
October 8, 2012 October 8, 2012
JR Group Map JR Group Map JR Group Map JR Group Map
JR East JR East
JR Central JR Central
JR West JR West
JR Shikoku JR Shikoku
Tokyo Tokyo Osaka Osaka JR Kyushu JR Kyushu
JR Freight JR Freight
JR Hokkaido JR Hokkaido
2
3
December 4, 2010December 4, 2010
Service started betweeService started between Hachinohe and Shin-n Hachinohe and Shin-AomoriAomori
Nagano
Niigata
Tokyo
AkitaHachinohe
Shinjo
Shinkansen 1134.7 km Conventional lines convertedfor Shikansen service 6377.9 km New direct lines (see above) 275.9 km
*The figures are as of April 1, 2012
Number of employees 59,130 Working kilometers 7,512.6 km Number of stations 1,689 Number of in-service trains 12,757/day Number of trains 13,157
Overview of JR East 1Overview of JR East 1 Overview of JR East 1Overview of JR East 1
Extension work underway (Shinkansen)
Shin-Aomori December 4, 2010December 4, 2010 Service started betweeService started between Hachinohe and Shin-n Hachinohe and Shin-AomoriAomori
4
Passengers: 16.50 millionTrain-kilometers: 710,000 KM
Door openings: approximately 6 million times
Signal validations: approximately 1.2 million times
Crossing openings: approximately 700,000 times
Per day:
Overview of JR East 2Overview of JR East 2 Overview of JR East 2Overview of JR East 2
1. 1. Safety is an important mission for our railway businessSafety is an important mission for our railway business
a) a) We have been working consistently to improve safety as our important mission.We have been working consistently to improve safety as our important mission.
b) b) For safety investments , we have invested more than 2,200 billion yen underFor safety investments , we have invested more than 2,200 billion yen under the past four 5-year safety plans.the past four 5-year safety plans.
2. 2. Prevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advancePrevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advance
a) a) Our present method to prevent serious accidents is mainly to prevent repeating Our present method to prevent serious accidents is mainly to prevent repeating the accidents or events that had happened.the accidents or events that had happened.
b) b) In the fifth 5-year safety plan , we introduced risk evaluation that takes into In the fifth 5-year safety plan , we introduced risk evaluation that takes into consideration the frequency of the events we have experienced in the past ,and consideration the frequency of the events we have experienced in the past ,and the maximum scale of damage of the events we can imagine.the maximum scale of damage of the events we can imagine.
3. 3. Our way of thinking about safety investmentsOur way of thinking about safety investments a) a) We will continue the present method to prevent serious accidents. In addition, We will continue the present method to prevent serious accidents. In addition, we will advance the new method of before the fact prevention of accidentswe will advance the new method of before the fact prevention of accidents by risk evaluationby risk evaluation b) b) We will push forward countermeasures based on the experience of the Great We will push forward countermeasures based on the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster, taking countermeasures for a possible East Japan Earthquake disaster, taking countermeasures for a possible earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area.earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area.
Contents Contents Contents Contents
5
04/10/23
6
Safety Basic Plan 1994-1998Integrated plan covering both
tangible and intangible aspects
Safety Basic Plan 1994-1998Integrated plan covering both
tangible and intangible aspects
Safety Priority Investiment Plan 1989-1993Formulation of a safety-related
investment plan
Safety Priority Investiment Plan 1989-1993Formulation of a safety-related
investment plan
Safety Plan 21 1999-2003Prevention of major accidents and
improvement of transportation quality
Safety Plan 21 1999-2003Prevention of major accidents and
improvement of transportation quality
2013 Safety Vision 2009-2013Approach safety through
independent thinking and acting
Safety Plan 2008 2004-2008Going back to basics and
re-approaching safety
Safety Plan 2008 2004-2008Going back to basics and
re-approaching safety
Midterm Plans for SafetyMidterm Plans for Safety
Creating a culture of safety
Rebuilding a safety
management system
Taking sure steps
to reduce risks
Promoting active installation
of safety facilities
Prevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advande
Safety-related human resource development and
system improvement
New perspective I
New perspective II
2013 Safety Vision Approach safety through independent thinking and acting
2013 Safety Vision Approach safety through independent thinking and acting
7
Mai hyatto
Train accidentsCollisions, derailments, firesAccidents at level crossings(Collisions or contact with trains at crossings)Accidents resulting in injuries or fatalities(Accidents causing deaths or injuries to people [excluding suicides])Accidents causing damage to property(Accidents causing JPY 5 million or more in property damage)
Train accidentsCollisions, derailments, firesAccidents at level crossings(Collisions or contact with trains at crossings)Accidents resulting in injuries or fatalities(Accidents causing deaths or injuries to people [excluding suicides])Accidents causing damage to property(Accidents causing JPY 5 million or more in property damage)
Events causing an impact or delay in train operations
Events causing an impact or delay in train operations
Events that could lead to a railway operation accident, events causing a major impact on passengers, and events caused by human error
Events that could lead to a railway operation accident, events causing a major impact on passengers, and events caused by human error
Events that were caught in advance, and for which the stipulated handling was conducted as a resultEvents causing concern on a regular basis
Events that were caught in advance, and for which the stipulated handling was conducted as a resultEvents causing concern on a regular basis
Transportation disruption
Events requiring attention
Events requiring reporting
Events with high possibility of passenger or employee death or injuryEvents with high possibility of passenger or employee death or injury
* Defined in Train Accident Report Regulations
KKind of railway accidents occur KKind of railway accidents occur
Train operation accidentsTrain operation accidents
8
Train accidentTrain accidentss (all JNR and All JR) (all JNR and All JR)Train accidentTrain accidentss (all JNR and All JR) (all JNR and All JR)JNR
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007年度
(件)
列車衝突 列車脱線 列車火災
2011
All JR
Collisions
Derailments
Fires
Fiscal year
(No. of accidents)
9
10
鉄道運転事故の推移
247
176156
12311695
86 73 72 75 71 8457
74
43
1
1
1
2
376
315
287
240247
210209
168165164160136142152
121111 121136
113134144144
85 22423121343732 226331 111443 364232
46405651
69
36
909257
5657
47686465
896686849092
122108128
130116
115
124
10669
1071
11
137
9296
1.60
0.56
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
年度
件
- 0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0鉄道物損事故鉄道人身障害事故踏切障害事故列車事故
100列車走行 万㌔あたりの件数
100万㌔あたりの件数
[Number of accidents]
Trend of railway operation accidents
Number of accidentsper million kilometers
Railway damage accidents Accidents causing personal injury Crossing obstacle accidents
Train accidents
Accidents per million operating km
Number of Railway Operating AccidentsNumber of Railway Operating Accidents
Reduced by approximately one third since JR established
[Fiscal year]
Major past accidentsMajor past accidents (1) (1) Major past accidentsMajor past accidents (1) (1)
19511951 Sakuragicho train fireSakuragicho train fire 106 dea106 deathsths
19621962 Mikawashima train collisionMikawashima train collision 159 de159 deathsaths
19631963 Tsurumi train collisionTsurumi train collision 161 d161 deathseaths 11
Major past accidentsMajor past accidents (2) (2) Major past accidentsMajor past accidents (2) (2)
20052005 Fukuchiyama Line derailmeFukuchiyama Line derailmentnt
107 d107 deathseaths
19881988 Higashinakano Station train collisioHigashinakano Station train collisionn 2 deaths2 deaths
20052005 UetsuUetsu Line Line derailment derailment 5 deaths5 deaths12
○1951 Sakuragicho train fire → Improvements to train body structure, window structure, and connecting doors; train announcements; safety manifesto
○1962 Mikawashima train collision → ATS improvement, radio alarms for train protection, regulation revisions, establishment of railway labor science institute
●1987 Japanese National Railways privatized and divided, and JR established○1988 Higashinakano train collision → ATS-P improvement, safety research institute, training center, Midterm Plans for Safety
○1988 Rokuhara derailment → disaster prevention information system○1991 Shigaraki Kogen Railway collision → substitute blocking on single track prohibited as general rule
○1992 Osuga crossing accident → obstacle detection equipment, OH warning device○1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake → anti-seismic reinforcement measures on elevated bridges○1997 Accident at Katahama on the Tokaido Line→blocking instructions operations○2004 Shinkansen derailment caused by the Chuetsu Earthquake → train breakaway prevention measures, early earthquake detection system, power outage detection equipment
○2005 Fukuchiyama Line derailment → ATS equipment for curved tracks○2005 Uetsu Line derailment → expansion of anemometers, gale warning systems, disaster prevention research center, operating regulations and Doppler radar research using weather information
〇 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake → anti-seismic reinforcement measures expanded, behavioral guidelines for tsunami occurence
History of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidents
13
14
Investment results
(Hundred millions of yen)
Safety Priority Investment Plan
Safety Priority Investment Plan
Safety Basic Plan
Safety Basic Plan Safety Plan 21Safety Plan 21
Safety Plan 2008
Safety Plan 2008
Fiscal Year
19911987
1988
1989
1990 1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2000
3000
4000
2238 2234
2773
2189 21462236 2223 2270
24592355 2414
2753
31533211
3234
979 970889 872
944
10631023
10801017
11121177
15191560
1818
safety Investment
Total investment
3637
1676
2013 Safety Vision2013 Safety Vision
Approximately JPY Approximately JPY 750 billion750 billion
(Five years)(Five years)
1679
3544
886895
276
550
0
1000 885 892 892813
1301
1749
20381961
2096
2262
829
2011
2012
1349
3074
3950(planned)
1630(planned)
Trend in safety investmentsTrend in safety investments
Conduct a total safety investment of over JPY Conduct a total safety investment of over JPY 2.2.7 trillion7 trillion
Fiscal 1987 to 2007all JR figures
Average number of deaths for accidents that caused deaths (persons per time)
An
nu
al a
vera
ge
freq
ue
ncy o
f occu
rren
ce (tim
es p
er ye
ar)
Falls
Door jamming
Non-blocking
Running through signal
Wind
Falling rocks
Crossing
Track work
Rain
Automobile intrusion
External obstacle
Track obstruction
Earthquake
Other
Brake handling error (bumper)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000
Before Fukuchiyama Line accident
●:Average of all JR rail accidents■: Reference (JR East)
Excessive speed
After Fukuchiyama Line accident
Excessive speed
Risk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on results
15
Freq
uen
cy o
f o
ccurren
ce
Level crossing derailment accident
Maximum estimation damage ranking B⇒
A: Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake(assumption)
B: Osutakayama airplane disaster, Tsunami collision, Mikawashima collision, Fukuchiyama line derailment
C: Shigaraki-kougen Railway collision, Uetsu Line derailment
D: People being hit by a train at a station platform.
Ranking for potential damage
June 18 , 1989 Nambu Line October 12, 1999 Seibu Railway
September 26, 2002 Nagoya Railroad
Derailment: 21 cases
Non-derailment
1,271 cases
Derailment accidents on multiple tracks Maximum potential damage ranking B⇒
ABCD
Past crossingaccidents
Frequency
Number of level crossing accidents over the past 20 years
Evaluating new riskEvaluating new riskEvaluating new riskEvaluating new risk
16
One misstep...One misstep...One misstep...One misstep...
Operator related(Train collision at Otsuki Station on the Chuo Line)
Passengers: approximately 550 (78 injuries)
Train car related(Fire on the Arcadia on the Joetsu Line)
Passengers: 80 (no deaths or injuries)
Work related(Track upheaval near Takadanobaba Station on the Yamanote Line)
Passengers: approximately 2,000 (3 injuries)
Disasters (earthquakes)(Derailment accident on the Joetsu Shinkansen Line between Urasa and Nagaoka)
Passengers: 151(no deaths or injuries)
Signal related(Derailment accident at Sendai Railyard)
Passengers: 159(no deaths or injuries)
Track maintenance related(Backhoe collision near Oimachi Station on the Keihin Tohoku Line)
Passengers: approximately 150 (no deaths or injuries)
17
D C B AMaximum estimation damage ranking
Fre
que
ncy of o
ccurre
nce
Contact with rolling stock on station platform
Wheel-climb derailment, sand, and gravel
Level crossing derailment accidents
Mafor earthquake in the Tokyo
metropolitan areaLow-speed derailment
Derailments due to excess speed
Risk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasures
Dragging caused by door jamming
Derailments due to falling rocks
18
Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake
Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake
Countermeasures against level crossing derailment accidents
Countermeasures against level crossing derailment accidents
Countermeasures against excessive speed;Countermeasures against miscommunication
Countermeasures against excessive speed;Countermeasures against miscommunication
Safety measures for station platformSafety measures for station platform Countermeasures against natural disastersCountermeasures against natural disasters
Detecting and stopping trains at an early stage, examining the earthquake-proof measures on each line
Countermeasures that prevent pedestrians from crossing just in front of moving trains, countermeasures against secondary damage, installation of crossing obstacle detectors according to the danger level at crossings outside of the Tokyo metropolitan area.
For train drivers, the installation of ATS※-P or ATS-Ps and countermeasures to prevent excessive speed at tenporary speed restrictions.※ATS:automatic train stopFor dispatchers, improving train radio systems and installing asystem with automatic communication to drivers and conductors on trains.
Installing movable platform barriers, increasing the number of emergency train stop devices, measures for safety of escalators and elevators, countermeasures that prevent passengers from falling between car and platform.
Reliable countermeasures against rock falls and landslips.
Major countermeasuresMajor countermeasuresMajor countermeasuresMajor countermeasures
19
10s
15s
20s
25s
Early detection and early stopping
地震発生
地震発生緊急停止
迅速な検知
自動でブレーキ
Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake
Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake
The times in the circle are the times needed for arrival to the city center(An earthquake in the north of Tokyo Bay used as calculation example)
Jr201r.icoJr201r.icoJr205y.ico
Chuo Line (Ochanomizu to Chuo Line (Ochanomizu to Suidobashi)Suidobashi)
Embankment (retaining walls, etc.)Embankment (retaining walls, etc.)
Reinforcement example (ground anchor)
Reinforcement of particularly weak sections
Expanding anti-seismic reinforcements
15s25s
Earthquakeoccurs Prompt detection
Emergency stop
whenearthquake occurs
Automatic braking
20
Stance towards countermeasures until now
Stance towards countermeasures until now
○ Countermeasures focused on recurrence prevention ・ Countermeasures in response to gridlocks inside crossings ・ Countermeasures in areas immediately before crossings, etc.
Accident example Collision of train and automobile at the level crossing
Large crossing rod
New stance towards countermeasures
New stance towards countermeasures
Assumed accident case Collision train from opposite direction with car of derailed train
○ Countermeasures focused on advanced prevention ・ Countermeasures preventing secondary damage ・ Countermeasures in areas immediately before crossings, etc.
Breakaway prevention guard (example)
countermeasures against secondary damage
due to level crossing derailment accident due to level crossing derailment accident
countermeasures against secondary damage
due to level crossing derailment accident due to level crossing derailment accident
Crossing obstacle detection
equipment
River
Assumed accident case There is a river or tunnel in the area21
Safety measures for station platformSafety measures for station platform
(1) Changed safety equipment operating conditions
Office station
I/F
(2) Gentle stop function ⇒ Motor replacement
(3) Enhanced braking power ⇒ Brake replacement
Footboard side plate
Lead-in portion of handrail belt
Escalator safety measures
Platform edge doors
Emergency train stop
alarm system
To elevator center
22
・ Breakaway prevention guard ・ Countermeasures against rail rollover・ Continuing seismic reinforcement of elevates bridges
・ Expanding the early earthquake detection and train stopping systems
・ Preventing excessive speed by installing ATS
・ Introducing automatically transmitted train protection radio signals
・ Research on using Doppler radar ・ Using weather information・ Expanding the installation of anemometers, and increasing the sections to speed restrictions when winds are high
・ Expansion of windbreak fences
The Fukuchiyama Line derailment
The Joetsu Shinkansen derailment
The Uetsu Line accident
Countermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidents
・ Signal passed at danger prevented by installing ATS-Ps23
24
Occurred: Friday, March 11, 2011 at around 14:46
Epicenter: Sanriku Oki (approximately 130 km east-
southeast of Oshika Peninsula (N38.0, E142.9))
Earthquake magnitude: M 9.0
(maximum magnitude of 7 = Kurihara City, Miyagi
Prefecture)
Number of aftershocks
Magnitude of approximately upper/lower 6: 1 time
Magnitude of approximately upper/lower 5: 14 times
(as of 15:00, 3/31)
Observed Si value: 85.4 kine at Shin-Sanbongi
(Shinkansen)
98.5 kine at Yabuki (conventional line)
44.0 kine at Shin-Urayasu (conventional line)
[Reference] Shinkansen operations suspended at 18
kine or above Map of estimated distribution of seismic intensity
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (March 11, 2011 16:00)
Tokyo
Niigata
Morioka
Sendai
Fukushima
Omiya
Takasaki
Nagano
Epicenter
Overview of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Overview of the Great East Japan Earthquake
25
仙台
青森
盛岡秋田
郡山
福島
山形
新潟
川部
大館
東能代
八戸
好摩
花巻
北上
一ノ関
小牛田前谷地
石巻
岩沼
米沢
会津若松
いわき
新庄余目
坂町
大曲
横手
茂市
宮古
野辺地
大湊
久慈
岩泉
盛
女川左沢
仙石線
気仙沼線
釜石線
常磐線
山田線
岩泉
八戸線
東北本線
奥羽本線
陸羽東線
仙山線
磐越東線
Sendai Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Derailment
Shinchi Station on the Joban Line: Overturning
Tsugaruishi Station on the Yamada Line: Derailment
Between Matsuiwa and Saichi on the Kesennuma Line:
Overturning
Onagawa Station on the Ishinomaki Line: Overturning
Nagacho Station on the Tohoku Line: Derailment
Hamayoshida Station on the Joban Line:
Flooding and overturning
Sendai Shinko: Derailment and flooding
Between Tomei and Nobiru on the Senseki Line: Derailment
Ishinomaki Station on the Senseki Line: Flooding
Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (trains and train cars)
Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (trains and train cars)
26
長岡
仙台
青森
盛岡秋田
郡山
福島
山形
松本
長野
高崎
新潟
千葉東京
大宮
八王子
水戸
宇都宮
川部
大館
東能代
八戸
好摩
花巻
北上
一ノ関
小牛田前谷地
石巻
岩沼
米沢
会津若松
いわき
小山
小淵沢
渋川
新庄余目
坂町
大曲
横手
茂市
30km
20km
宮古
野辺地
大湊
久慈
岩泉
盛
女川左沢
日光 烏山
仙石線
気仙沼線
釜石線
常磐線
山田線
岩泉線
八戸線
東北本線
奥羽本線
陸羽東線
仙山線
磐越東線
水郡線
Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (ground equipment)
Between Sakunami and Yatsumori on the Senzan Line: Embankment runoff
Slippage
Between Fukushima and Higashifukushima on the Tohoku Line:
Bridge girder angle portion damage
Between Nagacho and Miyagino on the Tohoku Freight Line: Retaining wall
landslide and embankment runoff
Between Shin-Hanamaki and Morioka on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Elevated bridge pillar damage (reinforcements
exposed)
Hitachitaga Station on the Joban Line: Platform retaining wall collapsed
Between Sendai and Shinkansen General Railyard Center on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Electric pole breakage
Between Niwasaka and Akaiwa on the Ou Line: Retaining wall
tilting and track bed runoff
Between Nobukata and Kashimajingu on the Kashima Line:
Bridge girder slippage
Between Yabuki and Izumisawa on the Tohoku Line: Embankment sinking
27
(1) Structural reinforcements
Seismic reinforcement of elevated bridges
(2) Emergency train stops
Improvements in the Shinkansen early
earthquake detection system
Installation of train stop detection equipment in train cars
(3) Measures that keep trains close to the track when there is a deralment
L-shaped car guide
Countermeasures against rail rollover
Existing countermeasures against earthquakeExisting countermeasures against earthquake
・ Preparations for an earthquake directly under the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Countermeasures for earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area (Viaduct columns, embankments and bridges, etc.)・ Expansion of countermeasures based on experience of Great East Japan Earthquake
28
Further strengthening through anti-seismic reinforcement measures
・ Expanding the installation of seismometers・ Strengthening communication functions, enhancing capacity of batteries at communications offices, etc. ・ Speedy search and rescue after the occurrence of an earthquake and measures to ensure the maintenance of the functions of the Countermeasures Headquarters.
Decreasing damage after the occurrence of an earthquake
・ re-examination of the way how our manuals and training should be, establishment of a disaster message board and emergency evacuation routes, etc.
Tsunami countermeasures
Expanding countermeasures against earthquakeExpanding countermeasures against earthquake
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
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