introduction to xml
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Introduction to XML
Eugenia FernandezIUPUI
What is XML? From the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
is the universal format for structured documents and data on the web.
It is a tag-based markup language that both describes data and is used to create markup languages for specific contexts.
XML-derived Markup Languages
Open Financial Exchange (OFX) XML/EDI
Markup for Electronic Data Interchange Resource Description Framework
Markup for describing data about data (metadata) for cataloging and search purposes
Chemical markup Language (CML) Wireless Markup Language (WML)
A Document Contains Data
Structure
Presentation
XML
Style sheets(CSS, XSL)
Unstructured vs.Structured Data
diluvio m. Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa.
Unstructured
<word>diluvio</word><type>m.</type><definition>Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa.</definition>
Structured
History of XML SGML (Standard Generalization Markup
Language) was developed as a way to express data in electronic texts
XML is simplified subset of SGML, designed to work across a limited-bandwidth network such as the Internet.
XML is in process of being standardized. It is currently at the recommendation stage.
XML vs. HTML
<html><b>101 Main St.<br>Chicago, IL 60661</b></html>
<?xml version=”1.0” ?><address>
<street>101 Main St.</street><city>Chicago</city><state>IL</state><zip>60661</zip>
</address>
HTML = presentation format
XML = structured content
Why XML? Readable format Distribute data to any machine on
any platform Easily combine multiple sources of
data Easier way to do data interchange
between applications
Benefits of Using XML Describes content and structure Both machine- and human- readable Separates content from display Well-formed, follows rules Can be validated Open and extensible One source – multiple formats
Conversion
One Source – Multiple Formats
Separating data from presentation and processing frees the data from any one use
Data becomes "use neutral"
XML
HTML
XML
Processing XML into HTML
XSLStylesheet
XSLProcessor
HTML Document
XMLDocument
Processing XML to XML
XSLStylesheet
XSLProcessor
NewXML
Document
XMLDocument
How XML Can Be Used Enable business-to-business
communication Enable smart agents Enable smart searches XML data can be manipulated by
the browser reducing server & network load
A Few XML Technologies Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Extensible Style Language (XSL)
XML Document Transformation (renamed XSLT) XPath, a pattern matching syntax XSLFO, a formatting object interpretation, for
printing XML Pointer Language (XPointer) and
XML Linking Language (XLink) Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schemas (XSD)
Contents of XML Document
Processing instructions
Comments Elements
Root Element Child Element Empty
Element Attributes Text
<?xml version=“1.0“?>
<!-- Student Information -->
<student_list> <name>John Smith</name> <full_time/> <email type=“home”> jsmith@home.com </email></student_list>
XML Data is Hierarchical
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<!-- Student Information -->
<student> <name>John Smith</name> <full_time/> <email type=“home”> jsmith@home.com </email></student>
student
name
full_time
type
John Smith
jsmith@home.com
home
Well-formed Documents Contain single root element Match open and close tags Consistent capitalization Correctly nested elements All attributes enclosed in quotes No repeating attributes in an
element
Validation of XML Documents Ensures that document is
grammatically correct Validation done via
Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schema
validformedWell
References MSDN DevSeries, Web 105:
Introduction to XML Microsoft Class Pack: Building XML-
Based Web Applications, Module 1: Overview of XML Documents
XML Seminar at Quilogy, May 9, 2001
Introduction to XML, a Barnes & Noble University Online Course
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