introduction to virtualization (0.91 mb)

Introduction to Virtualization

Michael Otey

Technical Director

Windows IT Pro Magazine

What this session covers• Types of Virtualization

– Hardware Virtualization– Virtual Machine Virtualization– Application Virtualization

• Future directions in Virtualization

Hardware Partitioning

Scenarios for Hardware Partitioning• Server Consolidation

– Reduced TCO– Increased server utilization

• Separate production and test environments

• Application Isolation

Hardware Partitioning• Physical system is

divided into multiple partitions

• One or more CPUs per partition

• Full electrical isolation between partitions

• Redundant hardware components

Hardware Partitioning• High-end Servers

– HP Itanium– Unisys ES7000– Fujitsu PrimeQuest

• Multiple hardware partitions– Up to 8

• Assignment of physical resource per partition– CPUs– Memory– I/O

• Cluster “in-a-box” support

Hardware Partitioning Summary• Can Consolidate multiple servers

– Reduced administration

• Requires high-end servers– Usually Itanium based– Can be expensive

• Limited number of partitions

Virtual Machine Virtualization

Virtualization Scenarios• Server consolidation

• Multiple OS & Application support

• Lab and Deployment Testing

• Training

• Disaster Recovery

• Application Isolation

Virtual Machine Virtualization

System HardwareSystem Hardware

Host Operating SystemHost Operating System

Virtual Machine ManagerVirtual Machine Manager

Virtual MachineVirtual Machine

Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2003)(Windows 2003)

ApplicationsApplications

Virtual MachineVirtual Machine Virtual MachineVirtual Machine

Guest OSGuest OS(Windows NT)(Windows NT)

Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2000)(Windows 2000)

ApplicationsApplications ApplicationsApplications

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Virtualization Overview• Virtual Machine Guest Environment

VM Hard Disk Options• Virtual Hard Disks

– Fixed– Dynamic

• Virtual Hard Disk Features– Snapshots– Undo disks– Differencing Disks

VM Networking Options• Virtual

Networking– None– Internal– External (Bridged)

Virtual Machine Additions• Installed after the guest OS

– Typically from installed IS image– Improves VM performance

• Enhanced SVGA video drivers

• Improved mouse support

• Drag-and-drop with the host

• Time synchronization

64-bit Support• 64-bit host support

– Windows Server SE and EE x64

• x64 eliminates physical memory restrictions

• 64-bit Virtual Machine Manager– Larger kernel address

space

Virtual Machine Types and Uses• Desktop Products

– Development– Testing – Training

• Server Products– Server consolidation– Disaster Recovery– High Availability– Testing and deployment

Desktop Virtualization(Virtual PC, Workstation)

Server Virtualization(Virtual Server, Virtual Server 2005)

Designed for running one or two desktop systems

Designed for running multiple server systems

Runs on the desktop Runs as a service

Windows management UI Web management UI

Local virtual disks only SAN Support

No management API Management API

VM supports audio No VM audio support

Virtual Machine Products• Desktop

– VMware Workstation 5.5– Virtual PC 2004

VMware Workstation 5.5• First VM Product• 64-bit host &

guests• 2-way virtual SMP• SCSI VHDs• Multiple snapshots• Compatible VM

images w/ Virtual Server

• Can Import MS VM Images

• USB & Audio support

• $189

VMware Workstation 5.5• Supported HostsWindows Server 2003 Standard Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 Small Business Edition, SP1

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows XP Home Edition, SP1, SP2

Windows XP Professional, SP1, SP2 Windows 2000 Server SP3, SP4 Windows 2000 Professional, SP3, SP4

Windows 2000 Advanced Server, SP3, SP4 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition SP1 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition R2

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1

Mandrake Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.19 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, update 4 (experimental support)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, update 8 (experimental support)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 — stock 2.4.9-e3 Red Hat Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.20-8, upgrade 2.4.20-20.9

Red Hat Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18

Red Hat Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.18 Red Hat Linux 7.2 — stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade 2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31

Red Hat Linux 7.1 — stock 2.4.2-2, upgrade 2.4.3-12

Red Hat Linux 7.0 — stock 2.2.16-22, upgrade 2.2.17-14 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9, 9 SP1, 9 SP2, 9 SP3 — stock 2.6.5-797

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8, stock 2.4.19 SUSE Linux 10.1 SUSE Linux 10 — stock 2.6.13

SUSE Linux 9.3 — stock 9.3-2.6.11.4 SUSE Linux 9.2, SP1 — stock 9.2-2.6.8-24.11 (SUSE Linux 9.1 — stock 2.6.4-52

SUSE Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.21-99

SUSE Linux 8.2 — stock 2.4.20 Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10

Ubuntu Linux 5.04

VMware Workstation 5.5

Windows Vista Beta Windows Server 2003 Windows XP Windows 2000

Windows NT 4.0 Windows Me Windows 98 Windows 95

DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 10

Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Mandrake Linux 8.2

Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0

Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Red Hat Linux 7.1 Red Hat Linux 7.0

Red Hat Linux 6.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 10

SUSE LINUX 9.3 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SUSE LINUX 9.0

SuSE Linux 8.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 SuSE Linux 7.3

Turbolinux 10 Desktop Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Turbolinux 7.0

Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 6.1

FreeBSD 6.0 FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 5.2

FreeBSD 5.1 FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD 4.10 FreeBSD 4.9

FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 6.5 Server NetWare 6.0 Server

NetWare 5.1 Server NetWare 4.2 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms

Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition

• Supported Guests

Virtual PC 2004• Technology from

Connectix• 32-bit only• Compatible VM

Images w/ MS Virtual Server

• VPC 2007 w/ Vista• Audio – no USD• Now Free

Virtual PC 2004• Supported Hosts • Supported Guests

Windows 2000 Professional

Windows XP Professional

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition

MS-DOS 6.22

Windows 95

Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition

Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)

Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Service Pack 6 or Higher

Windows 2000 Professional

Windows XP Home Edition

Windows XP Professional

OS/2 Warp Version 4 Fix Pack 15, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 1, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 2

Virtual Desktop Products Summary• Microsoft Virtual PC

– Free– Less hosts & guests support– Less VM features and capabilities– Soon to be replaced by Virtual PC 2007

• VMware Workstation– Costs more– More host & guests support– Better features (Snapshots, USB)– 64-bit hosts and guests

Virtual Server Products• Server Products

– VMware Virtual Server 1.01– Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2– VMware ESX Server 3.0– Others: XEN 3.0 & Virtuozzo

VMware Virtual Server• Features

– 64-bit host & guest support– Virtual SMP Support– USB Support– VM Snapshots– Import MS VM Images– Windows and Web Management– Central Management with VirtualCenter

• Limitations– No support for host clustering

VMware Virtual Server • Supported Hosts32-bit Operating Systems: 64-bit Operating Systems:

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, Web, and Small Business Editions, including Service Pack 1

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, Service Pack 1

Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 AS, ES, and WS, including U3 and 3.0 AS, ES, and WS

Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 SUSE Linux 10 and 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2 and 9.1

Mandriva Linux 2006 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support) and 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3

Mandrake Linux 10.1 and 9.0 Mandriva Linux 2006

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, including updates 1, 2, and 3, 3.0, including updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and 2.1

Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04

Red Hat Linux 9.0, 8.0, 7.3 and 7.2,

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support), 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3 and 8

SUSE LINUX 10, 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2, 9.1, 9.0, 8.2 and 7.3

Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04

VMware Virtual Server• Supported GuestsWindows Vista Beta Windows Server 2003 Windows XP Windows 2000

Windows NT 4.0 Windows Me Windows 98 Windows 95

DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 10

Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Mandrake Linux 8.2

Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1

Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0

Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Red Hat Linux 7.1 Red Hat Linux 7.0

Red Hat Linux 6.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10

SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 10

SUSE LINUX 9.3 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SUSE LINUX 9.0

SuSE Linux 8.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 SuSE Linux 7.3

Turbolinux 10 Desktop Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Turbolinux 7.0

Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 6.0

FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 5.2 FreeBSD 5.1

FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 6.5 Server

NetWare 6.0 Server NetWare 5.1 Server NetWare 4.2 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms

Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition

Virtual Server 2005 R2• Features

– 64-bit host support– Web-based management– New support for Linux distributions– Support for MSCS

• Limitations– No 64-bit guest support– No guest audio– No guest USB

VS2005 R2 MSCS Host Support• Support for Microsoft

Clustering Services– Windows Server 2003

Enterprise Edition or Datacenter Edition

• VS is MSCS cluster-aware– Eliminates single point

of failure– Automatic VM startup

Windows Server 2003 R2 • Applies to any virtualization product

running on Windows Server 2003 R2

• VM licensing changes– Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition R2

• Base OS• Four additional VM OS

– Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition• Unlimited VMs

VMware ESX Server 3.0• Leader in the enterprise virtualization

products

• Bare metal installation– No host OS– Best performance

ESX Server Overview

System HardwareSystem Hardware

Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server)Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server)

Virtual MachineVirtual Machine

Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2003)(Windows 2003)

ApplicationsApplications

Virtual MachineVirtual Machine Virtual MachineVirtual Machine

Guest OSGuest OS(Linux)(Linux)

Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2000)(Windows 2000)

ApplicationsApplications ApplicationsApplications

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VMware ESX Server 3.0• Features

– CPU virtualization – 4-way Virtual SMP– Direct SAN LUN mapping, boot from SAN– Up to 16GB RAM per VM– Can import MS VM Images– Can cluster VMs across physical hosts– Centralized management using VirtualCenter– Not free:

• $1000 Standard Edition• $5750 Enterprise Edition

VMware ESX Server 3.0• Limitations

– Unfamiliar management for Windows administrators

– No official support for MSCS host– No USB support in the guests

VMware ESX Server 3.0• Supported 32-bit GuestsMicrosoft Windows Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server

Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server R2

Windows XP Professional (Service Pack 1 and 2)

Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Server, or Terminal Services Edition (Service Pack 3 or 4)

Windows 2000 Professional Uniprocessor (Service Pack 4)

Windows NT 4.0 Server (Service Pack 6a and higher)

Red Hat Linux Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 2.1

Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 3.0

Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 4.0

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 8.0

Enterprise Server (SLES) 9.0

OES

Novell Netware Version 5.1

Version 6.0

Version 6.5

Sun Solaris 10

VMware ESX Server 3.0• 64-bit Guests

– Windows 2003 64-bit SP1 (Standard, Enterprise)

– Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 64-bit (UP6, UP7)– Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 64-bit (UP2, UP3)– SuSE Linux Server (SLES) 9 64-bit (SP3)– Solaris 10 1/062

Other Virtualization platforms• XEN

– XEN 3.0 -- Open source • Limited guest support• Requires OS Source code changes

– XEN Enterprise – commercial• Windows and Linux support

• Virtuozzo– Linux roots– Virtualizes the OS rather than the hardware

Virtual Servers Summary• VMware Virtual Server

– Free, excellent host and guest support– 64-bit host and guest support– No clustering support

• Microsoft Virtual Server 2002 R2– Free, Microsoft-only hosts, good guest support– 64-bit host support, no 64-bit guest support– Support Microsoft Clustering for hosts(Both benefit for Windows Server 2003 R2 licensing)

Virtual Servers Summary• ESX Server

– Highest costs, bare metal performance– Virtual SMP, highest guest capacities– No clustering for hosts, clustering for guests

• XEN– Free, open source, requires OS source code

changes

• Virtuozzo– Not free, virtualizes OS not hardware

Application Virtualization

Application Virtualization Scenarios• Legacy applications

• Incompatible applications

• End of DLL Hell

• No OS changes

• Can be coupled w/ AD or other management frameworks for client management and deployment

Application Virtualization• Runs as an application

• Virtualizes OS settings– Registry– File System

Application Virtualization Products• Softricity SoftGrid

– Application virtualization– Deployment

• Altiris Software Virtualization Solution– Application virtualization

Softricity SoftGrid• $5000 base price w/ 20 CALs

• Purchased by Microsoft

• Requires AD

• Requires a backend applications server

• On-demand deployment– Streams software to clients

• Policy-based management

SoftGrid Overview• Install SoftGrip Application Server

• Deploy SoftGrid Clients

• Add SoftGrid Application Groups to AD

• Sequence target applications

• Assign applications to SoftGrid AD groups

Softricity Overview

Altiris SVS• Free

• No complex infrastructure requirements

• Implemented as a file system filter driver– Redirects registry and file system calls

Altiris SVS Overview• Install SVS on the client

• Create an application layer

• Install the target application into the application layer

• Activate the application layer

Future Directions in Virtualization

Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor• Hardware

assisted virtualization– Intel Virtualization

Technology– AMD

Virtualization Technology

• Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor

• Compatible with MS VM Images

Virtualization Management• VMware Infrastructure

– No AD requirement– Manages Virtaul Server, GSX Server and

ESX Server VMs

• Microsoft System Center for Virtual– Requires AD– Manages Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 VMs– Currently in beta

Additional Resources• Hardware Partitioning

– HP Integritywww.hp.com/enterprise/cache/262803-0-0-225-121.html?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN

– Unisys ES7000www.unisys.com/products/enterprise__servers/high_d_end__servers/features.htm

– Fujistu PrimeQuestwww.fujitsu-siemens.it/products/mission_critical/primequest440_480.html

Additional Resources• Desktop Virtualization

– Microsoft Virtual PC 2004www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc

– VMware Workstation 5.5www.vmware.com/products/ws/

Additional Resources• Server Virtualization

– Microsoft Virtual Server www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver

– VMwarewww.vmware.com

• Virtual Server• ESX Server

Additional Resources• Application Virtualization

– Softricity SoftGridwww.softricity.com

– Altiris SVSwww.altiris.com/Products/SoftwareVirtualizationSolution.aspx

Thank You!

Michael Otey

mikeo@windowsitpro.com