introduction to soil physicsindico.ictp.it/event/a12165/session/2/contribution/2/... · 2014. 5....

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College on Soil Physics - 30th Anniversary (1983-2013)

GABRIELS Donald Maurice

25 February - 1 March, 2013

University of Ghent Laboratory of Soil Physics

Fac. Agric.& Appl. Biol.Sciences, Dept. of Soil Management Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent

BELGIUM

Introduction to Soil Physics

30years

• • • • 

• • 

⇒

⇒

  Air:vapor, gass

  Air: vapor, gass in the soil

  Air: (vapor and gass) in the

atmosphere

FIRE SUN

⇒⇒ ⇒

→→

→

“Mystic Lamb John and Hubert Van Eyck

Gent, Belgium

→→

→

→

“Gaia”

→

Link soils and mankind?

Human

soil

Man-agement

medicine

Ecosystem

science of nature: Physics-Naturkunde

 Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

  →

 →

Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)

 →

→

→

  Porosity and bulk density (apparent density)   Water retention curve (pF) θ(h)   Hydraulic Conductivity Ks, K(h)   Aggregate stability   Mechanical Resistance   Consistency

Hillel (1998)

compaction

Law of capilarity of Hagen-Poisseuille

→→

ϕ

x

y

R1

particle 1

particle 2

R2air

air

water

Joseph Plateau (1801-1883)

Phenakistoscoop

→

Microscopic scale

4 cm →

 17 cm

→

pF permeametro - Ks

Lublin, Polen Lubljana, Slovenië

→→ →

HYDRUS-2D zanjas, La Serena, Chile

Infiltration channels (La Serena, Chile)

La Serena, Chile

→ → 

plowing furrows Tigray, Ethiopië

Gent Tandojam, Pakistan -

• • • • 

Luoyang, China Alemaya, Ethiopië

• • • • • 

→  2. water balance in the field effect of tillage (China)

Conventional tillage

Subsoiling Minimum tillage

Two crops System

Zero tillage

→ 

Hydrus-2D

Map of Arid Zones of South America

• 

• 

• 

“… the nation that destroys its soil, destroys itself…"

10th Anniversary College on Soil Physics y g6 September – 24 September 1993 p

I.C.T.P. - Trieste, Italy