introduction to maternity nursing

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Maternity & Women’sMaternity & Women’s

Health CAREHealth CARE

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Maternity nursingMaternity nursing focuses onfocuses on

the care of childbearing womenthe care of childbearing womenand their families through alland their families through allstages of pregnancy childbirth,stages of pregnancy childbirth,

as well as the first 4 weeks after as well as the first 4 weeks after birthbirth

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Perinatal continuumPerinatal continuum

carecare12 – 24months

single client

Pre-

conceptions1st trimester 2nd trimester 3rd trimester

PostpartumOr

newborn

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A perinatal nurse today may A perinatal nurse today may

function as:function as:

a nurturer, educator,a nurturer, educator,physical care provider,physical care provider,

critical thinker,critical thinker,support person,support person,

counselor,counselor,case manager,case manager,researchresearch

Nurse, Nurse practitioner, Nurse midwives

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Certified nurse-midwivesCertified nurse-midwivesCertified midwivesCertified midwives

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Contemporary issuesContemporary issues1/6 (44,3 million) people have no health1/6 (44,3 million) people have no health

insuranceinsurance

3,9% of all women had late or no prenatal care3,9% of all women had late or no prenatal careCesarean birth (22,9%) & vaginal birth after Cesarean birth (22,9%) & vaginal birth after

CSCS

one nurse care for both the mother and babyone nurse care for both the mother and babyTo stay in the hospital for at least 48 h. after To stay in the hospital for at least 48 h. after

VB and & 72 h. – CSVB and & 72 h. – CS

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Views of women Views of womenBreastfeeding in the workplaceBreastfeeding in the workplace

Since 1999Since 1999

Family LeaveFamily LeaveThe family & medical leave act of 1993The family & medical leave act of 1993

International concernsInternational concerns

Mutilation, circumcisionMutilation, circumcision

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Healthy People 2010Healthy People 2010

Goals:Goals:Fetal, infant, child deathFetal, infant, child deathMaternal death and illnessMaternal death and illness

Prenatal carePrenatal careObstetric areasObstetric areasRisk factorsRisk factors

Developmental disabilities and neural tubeDevelopmental disabilities and neural tubedefectsdefectsPrenatal substance exposurePrenatal substance exposureBreastfeeding, newborn screening, andBreastfeeding, newborn screening, andservice systemservice system

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Family Family A group of two or more persons, related by blood,A group of two or more persons, related by blood,marriage, adoption, or emotional commitment whomarriage, adoption, or emotional commitment whohave a permanent relationship and who workhave a permanent relationship and who work

together to meet life goals and needstogether to meet life goals and needs

The nuclear familyThe nuclear familyThe binuclear familyThe binuclear familyThe extended familyThe extended familySingle-parent familySingle-parent familyReconstituted (blended) familiesReconstituted (blended) families

Homosexual familiesHomosexual families

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Family Systems Theory Family Systems Theory

Family Life CycleFamily Life CycleFamily Stress TheoryFamily Stress TheoryMcGill Model of NursingMcGill Model of NursingHealth Belief ModelHealth Belief ModelHuman Developmental EcologyHuman Developmental Ecology

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Vulnerable population Vulnerable population

WomenWomenAdolescent girlAdolescent girlMinority womenMinority womenOlder womenOlder womenIncarcerated womenIncarcerated womenMigrant womenMigrant women

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Cultural considerationCultural consideration

Traditional beliefsTraditional beliefsThe language barriersThe language barriersIntegrate folk & Western treatmentsIntegrate folk & Western treatmentsDietary practicesDietary practicesEnlist family caretaker Enlist family caretaker

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Community Community In its broadest definition, refers to aIn its broadest definition, refers to ageographically defined area; itsgeographically defined area; its

residents; their cultural, religious, andresidents; their cultural, religious, andethnic characteristics; and the activitiesethnic characteristics; and the activitiesof functions through which the needs of of functions through which the needs of residents are met.residents are met.

The health of individuals or groups isThe health of individuals or groups isinextricably linked to the health status of inextricably linked to the health status of each community.each community.

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Community assessmentCommunity assessment

Is a complex although well-defined processIs a complex although well-defined processthrough which the unique characteristics of through which the unique characteristics of

the populations and their special needs arethe populations and their special needs areidentified to plan and evaluate health serviceidentified to plan and evaluate health servicefor the community as a whole. The desiredfor the community as a whole. The desired

outcomes of this process is identification of outcomes of this process is identification of direct service as well as advocacy needs of direct service as well as advocacy needs of the target aggregate or group and improvedthe target aggregate or group and improvedhealth for the community as a whole.health for the community as a whole.

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Community healthCommunity health

assessmentassessmentPeoplePeopleDemographics, biologic, social &Demographics, biologic, social &cultural acquiredcultural acquired

EnvironmentEnvironment

Physical, biologic/chemical, socialPhysical, biologic/chemical, social

Health care delivery systemHealth care delivery systemOrganizational, resources, servicesOrganizational, resources, services

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Data collection & sourcesData collection & sources

of community health dateof community health dateCritical indicators of perinatal health:Critical indicators of perinatal health:

Maternal mortality, infant mortality, lowMaternal mortality, infant mortality, lowbirth weight, first trimester prenatal care,birth weight, first trimester prenatal care,rates for mammography, Pap smears…rates for mammography, Pap smears…

Walking surveyWalking survey

Participant observationParticipant observation

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Levels of PreventiveLevels of Preventive

CareCarePrimary preventionPrimary preventionSecondary preventionSecondary preventionTertiary preventionTertiary preventionPrimordial preventionPrimordial prevention

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Perinatal continuumPerinatal continuum

carecareAntenatal home careAntenatal home care““Warm Lines”Warm Lines”First Home Care VisitFirst Home Care Visit

Personal safetyPersonal safetyClient’s homeClient’s homeInfection controlInfection controlNursing considerationNursing consideration

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To be To be

continued…continued…