introduction to gerontechnology - iowa state...
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Com S/Geron 415X Gerontechnology in Smart Home
Environments
Introduction to Gerontechnology
Dr. Hen-I Yang
Computer Science Dept., ISU
Jan. 13, 2011
Announcement
Course website has been setup on WebCT
Syllabus
Announcements
Slides
Assignments
Try to access SHL via your ISU card
Reading Assignment: Introduction and Chapter 1in the black book
(can be downloaded from ISU online library
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.iastate.edu:2048/book/10.1
002/9780470379424)
Aging Population I
2011/1/14
We th
e A
merican
… E
lderly, 1
993, B
ure
au o
f Censu
s
3 Iowa has the highest percentage of people age 85 or older in the U.S. (2.1% 1996 to 3.1% 2025)
31.1 mil 54 mil 79 mil
1 in 8 1 in 6 1 in 5
Aging Population II
2011/1/14 We the American… Elderly, 1993, Bureau of
Census
4 By 2050, 20% of US population will be elderly, and 15.9 million people will need assistance
Cost of Senior Care
2011/1/14 Careguide.com 6
Nursing homes (50,000/annual, 115/day)
Home health care (85/visit, 100/day)
Assisted living facilities or retirement housing (1000-5000/month, 12000-60000/annual, average 72/day)
Adult day care (10 – 50/day depend on the kind of care)
Other senior care services
Geriatric care manager (40 – 100/hour)
Emergency response service (35 – 100/month)
Medication reminder service (20/month)
Meal delivery service (2 – 5/meal)
Transportation service (50-100/round trip)
Senior Center
By 2050, the overall cost of senior care will be in the range of 600 Billion USD annually
Aging
Optimal/Normal/ Pathological Aging Impairments and Normal
Functional Declines
Aging ≠ Disability
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Personal hygiene
Dressing and undressing
Eating
Transferring from bed to chair, and back
Voluntarily controlling urinary and fecal discharge
Moving around (as opposed to being bedridden)
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Doing light housework
Preparing meals
Taking medications
Shopping for groceries or clothes
Using the telephone
Managing money
Using technology
Stigma about Aging
How does Aging Affect People?
2011/1/14 8
Sensory impairment
Vision
Hearing
Cognitive impairment
Motor/physical impairment
Mobility issues
Communication difficulties
General decline of body functions
Other Challenges
Social isolations
Financial difficulties
Aging in Place
2011/1/14 Bayer A, Harper L. Fixing to Stay: A National Survey of Housing and
Home Modification Issues. Washington, DC: AARP; May 2000. 9
“What I would really like to do is stay in my current
residence as long as possible.”
What majority of older adults want (average 83%, > 45)
83%, for people between 55 – 64 years old
92%, for people between 65 – 74 years old
95%, for people > 75 years old
82% want assistance @ home if they need it
Non-technical solutions
Technical solutions (Smart home technology)
82% of surveyed older adults want to receive assistance at home if and when they need it
Non-technical Solutions: Assistive Devices
2011/1/14 10
Top four assistive devices being used:
Eyeglasses
Wheelchair or cane
Grab bars
Bath mats
Assistive devices make elderly persons feel more
independent, become better at daily activity, and
enjoy a sense of security
Non-technical Solutions: Retrofitted Homes
2011/1/14
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11
Adjustable height sink/countertop (and wheel chair accessible)
Refrigerator drawer and roll-out shelf and drawer
Side-opened oven
Wide corridor
sliding door or no doors
Walk-in tub, shower
Grab-bar at shower
Lowered toilet height
Large buttons and large-font
manuals
Crown molding / Raised floor
Improving Person-Environment Congruence
Independent Living
Assisted Living Housing
Nursing Home
Hire On-site
Caretaker Purchase
Emergency
Pendant
Time/age
ADL/IADL
Capabilities
to maintain
a house and
live independently Current capabilities
of the resident
Types of Gerontechnology
Advance in disease treatment.
Surgical and pharmaceutical advances.
Genetic treatments.
Smarter prosthetics and robots.
Assistive technology.
Smart Environments.
Little Red Riding Hood
Grandma lives alone in the forest
Grandma needs groceries, but she is not in condition to takes trips into town
Grandma asks the girl to buy groceries for her
Grandma cannot see well, and she was so happy to see the girl in so long, so she mistakenly opens the door when Big Bad Wolf comes.
Grandma hyperventilates and screams as Big Bad Wolf devours her
Big Bad Wolf eats grandma and pretends to be her instead, and little red falls for the trick
Hunter came to the rescue, but the nearest doctor is 2 hours away, Little Red was rescued, but it was too late for grandma
How could Smart Home have helped?
Aging in the rural community
Online shopping
Grocery delivery
Smarter Security system
Facial recognition
Access card and biometric entrance
Activity and vital sign monitoring, and summary presentation
Emergency pendant
Telemedicine
Remote social dining
What can Gerontechnology do for you?
Monitoring and Assessment
Environmental Sensors
Wearable Sensors
Context Interpreters
Prevention and Intervention
Trouble sign identification and warning
Trend Identifier
Emergency Response
Mental/Physical couching and exercise
Rehabilitation
Assistance in occupational Therapy
Mental/Physical couching and exercise
Compensation
Automation
Multi-modal Interface Design
Electronic control
Enhancement
The Grid of Gerontechnology
Senso
ry
Cogn
itive
Moto
r
/Physical
Mobility
Social/C
om
municatio
n
Bodily
Functio
n
Com
pensatio
n
Oth
ers (e
.g.
finan
cial)
Visio
n
Hearin
g
Mem
ory
Perce
ptio
n
Cap
tion
Screen R
ead
er
Hygie
ne A
pp
Sense
Cam
Ele
ctrical
Walke
r
Ele
ctrical
Harn
ess
Social D
inin
g
Asso
rted
transp
lants
Monitoring
Assessment
Prevention
Intervention
Rehabilitation
Enhancement
Computational Thinking
Processor’
Memory’
Input’ output’
system
Processor
Memory
input output
feedback
Calculator keypad screen
Smart Home
Controller
Database/
Harddrive
Rx info
RFID
clock
Speaker
Cell phone
feedback
Service Computing
Specialization is one of the
defining characterization of
modern society
People don’t do everything
themselves anymore
Better quality, lower cost,
higher availability
Services are interchangeable
Services are based on
contract
Services can be composed
Feel Sick
Go to the hospital
Check-in
Initial Evaluation
X-ray and chem panel
Diagnosis
Get Prescription
Fill Prescription
Render payment
Go home and
bed rest
Patient
EMT
Receptionist
Lab Scientist
Doctor
Cashier
Pharmacist
Mom
EMT1, EMT2, …
Amy, Joe, Jane,…
Doctor
Doctor
Basic Construct of Smart Environments
2011/1/14 21
Sensors
Actuators
Computation Services
Service Framework
Middleware
Application
Commands
Feedback Data
Sensor Data
Actuation
Commands
Observable
Effects
Actuators
Sensors
Sensor
Platform
Application Application
database
Data
Software Engineering
How does traditional software engineering practices
adapt to service computing?
How does software engineers take advantage of the
locally and globally available resources opportunistically?
How do we design and implement systems that are
flexible and highly adaptive?
Design for Gerontechnology
Understand how design affects the interactions between
users and systems
Design Guidelines/Principles for Older Adults
Visual Design Principles for Usable Interfaces
Computer-based/Non-computer-based HCI
Universal/Inclusive Design
HCI Evaluation
Conducting a User Study
Hypothesis Forming
Population Design or Two-group Design
Evaluation Procedure
Data Analysis (Anova, T-test, significance, p, f…)
HCI Metrics
HCI Evaluation
Quantitative Study
Measurable experiments
Qualitative Study
Questionnaire
Focus groups
IRB (Institution Review Board)
Any research project involved human participants and expected to be published or released to public must be reviewed by IRB
For protection of both the participants, as well as the institution and the researchers
Three basic principles:
Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice
Special cares should be placed when including women, minority, children and other people in compromised positions
Gerontechnology: Interdisciplinary Endeavor
User Needs User Requirements User Problems
Interface Design Aesthetic
Usability
User Acceptance
Gerontechnology
Service/Product
System Design
Architecture
Functions
Quality of Service
Computer Scientist Designer
Gerontologist
Gerontechnologists’ Core Competencies
Soft Skills: Mental Preparedness to work with older adult.
Ability to contribute to interdisciplinary teamwork.
Capability to manage complexity.
Aptitude to understand the applicability of technology.
Specific sets of Knowledge: Understanding of the aging process.
Understanding of computational thinking.
Understanding of software engineering practices.
Understanding the assistances that can be provided or enabled by technology.
Understanding of the guidelines for the universal/inclusive design.
Understanding of the appropriate assessment and evaluation methodologies.
Why do I care about Gerontechnology
and Smart Home Technology?
To revolutionize the elderly care in the 21st century:
better service,
lower cost,
more flexible and individualized
A new area that calls for brilliant minds with innovative
ideas
Have the potential to make immediate impacts and
improve the quality of lives of millions of older adults,
including your grandparents and parents
Products and services in this area are expected to grow
exponentially in the next few decades
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