introduction and dental nomenclature

الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم

Introduction and Dental Nomenclatures

These are the systems designed to identify the type of each tooth and its location in eachquadrant of the dental arches.

Notation systems

1 .Palmer Notation System2 .Two Digits System (FDI system) (Federation dentaire International

)3 .Universal Notation System

Notation systems

The mouth is divided into four sections called quadrants. The numbers 1 through 8 and a unique symbol is used to identify the teeth in each quadrant. The numbering runs from the center of the mouth to the back .

1 .Palmer notation system

The permanent teeth are given the numbers 1 through 8.

Permanent dentition

The primary teeth are given the letters A through E.

Primary dentition

Each tooth in the dental arch is given a number of two digits.

The FDI Dental Numbering System for Adult TeethFor adults, the mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 1 to 4 clockwise.The adult teeth are numbered from 1 to 8, going from the central incisor, canines, premolars to the third molar

FDI SYSTEM

The FDI Dental Numbering System for Children's Teeth

For children, the mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 5 to 8 clockwise the children's deciduous (or baby) teeth are numbered from 1 to 5, going from the central incisor, canines to the premolars.

FDI system

Unlike the previous two systems, the first number 1 is given to the right maxillary permanent third molar.

The first letter A is given to the right maxillary second primary molar.

Universal notation system

Universal notation system

Elevated landmarks

Depresses landmarks

Anatomical landmarks of the crown

Dental lobe : is one of the primary centers of growth and calcification present during the crown development.

1. Mamelon 2. Cingulum3. Cusp Tubercle

Elevated Landmarks

Ridges :1. Marginal ridge 2. Triangular ridge 3. Oblique ridge 4. Transverse ridge 5. Labial ridge 6. Buccal ridge 7. Cusp ridge 8. Lingual ridge9. Cervical ridge 10. Incisal ridge

Elevated Landmarks

1. Developmental grooves2. Supplemental groove 3. Fissures4. Sulcus5. Fossa6. Pits

Depressed Landmarks

Mamelon : is any one of the three primary rounded projections in the Incisal ridge of newly erupted incisors teeth.

Cingulum : it is a convexity projection , at the cervical third of the crown in the anterior teeth.

Cusps : is a divisional primary pyramidal elevation on the occlusal third of posterior teeth and the incisal third of the canine.

Dental Lobe

It is a small elevation produced by excessive formation of enamel.

Tubercle

Marginal ridge : it is the mesial and distal elevated margins in the lingual and occlusal surfaces of both anterior and posterior teeth respectively .

Ridges

Triangular ridge : it descend from the cusp tip of posterior teeth toward the central part of occlusal surface .

Ridges

Transverse ridge: the union of two triangular ridges transversely at the occlusal surface of maxillary & mandibular 1st premolars.

Ridges

Oblique ridge : the union of two triangular ridges obliquely at occlusal surfaces of the maxillary molars.

Ridges

Cusp ridges ( cusp slopes ) : linear elevation extends from the cusp tip to the mesial and distal directions.

Labial ridge : linear elevation extends from the cervical line to the cusp tip.

Buccal ridge .

Ridges

Lingual ridge : it extends vertically from the cingulum to cusp tip of canine.

Ridges

Incisal ridge : horizontal linear elevation on the incisal third of a newly erupted incisor teeth.

Cervical ridge : horizontal elevationon the cervical third of the buccal surface of premolar and molars.

Ridges

1. Developmental grooves2. Supplemental groove 3. Fissures4. Sulcus5. Fossa6. Pits

Depressed Landmarks

1. A deep groove or line between the primary parts of the crown ( lobes )

Developmental groove

Developmental groove

is a shallow linear depression in the occlusal surface , which does not demarcate the line of lobes fusion , but represents a branch from the developmental groove .

Supplemental groove

A narrow linear depression present at the depth of the developmental groove.

Dental caries begins at the depth of the fissures.

Fissure

A long depression or valley between ridges & cusps.

It contains a developmental groove at its center.

Sulcus

It is an irregular depression or concavity. Types of fossa: 1. Lingual fossa : lingual surface of anterior

teeth.2. Triangular fossae : occlusal surface of

premolar & molars.3. Central fossa : deep angular depression on

the occlusal surface. Maxillary molars Mandibular molars

Fossa

A small pintpoint depression located at the junction of the developmental grooves. Or at the ends of these grooves.

Central pit : is located at the central fossa where the developmental groove join.

Buccal pit : located at the buccal surface of molar.

Pits

THE END