introducon (m. horanyi) 3) -...

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1)  Introduc+on(M.Horanyi)

2)  Subsurface:Outstandingissues,experimental&simula+on/theoryneeds(S.Ba+ste,M.Lankton,S.Sture)

3)  Simulantmaterials(M.Weinstein)

4)  Surface/Atmosphere:Outstandingissues(M.Horanyi,E.Grün,R.Hodges)

5)  Smallscaleexperiments(S.Robertson)

6)  Midsizeexperiments(T.Munsat,E.Grün)

7)  Instrumentdevelopment(Z.Sternovsky)

8)  Computersimula+ontools(P.Messmer,G.Lapenta)

9)  Industrialpartners(T.Sparn)

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Concept7:TheMoonisanaturallaboratoryforregolithprocessesandweatheringonanhydrousairlessbodies.

ScienceGoal7c—Understandregolithmodifica+onprocesses(includingspaceweathering),par+cularlydeposi+onofvola+lematerials.

ScienceGoal7d—Separateandstudyrarematerialsinthelunarregolith.

Concept8:ProcessesinvolvedwiththeatmosphereanddustenvironmentoftheMoonareaccessibleforscien?ficstudywhiletheenvironmentremainsinapris?nestate.

ScienceGoal8b—Determinethesize,charge,andspa+aldistribu+onofelectrosta+callytransporteddustgrainsandassesstheirlikelyeffectsonlunarexplora+onandlunar‐basedastronomy.

ScienceGoal8c—Usethe+me‐variablereleaserateofatmosphericspeciessuchas40Arandradontolearnmoreabouttheinnerworkingsofthelunarinterior.

ScienceGoal8d—Learnhowwatervaporandothervola+lesarereleasedfromthelunarsurfaceandmigratetothepoleswheretheyareadsorbedinpolarcoldtraps.

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LASPD. Baker

CU Lunar Science Institute

M. Horanyi

Graduate SchoolS. Sture

Program Office / EPOE. CoBabe-Ammann

ATMOSPHERER. Hodges

SURFACEM. Horanyi

SUBSURFACES. Sture

Theory / ModelsNAME?

Test Bed FacilityS. Batiste

Enabling Technology M. Lankton

Theory / ModelsM. Horanyi

Laboratory Experiments S. Robertson

Dust Accelerator Facility T. Munsat

Instrument DevelopmentZ. Sternovsky

Industrial Partners

Regolith MechanicsS. Batiste

Small Bussines Partners International Partners

Theory / ModelsR. Hodges

Laboratory Experiments:NAME?

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Subsurface

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OutstandingIssues

•  Regolithbehavior•  Subsurfacestructure•  Enablingtechnologies

–  Excava+onmethods

–  Mobility‐par+cularlywithheavyloads

–  Regolithhandling•  ISRU‐miningandmaterialprocessing

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ExperimentalNeeds•  Environmentalneeds

–  Vacuum•  effectofaironmaterialmovement/stresses•  dustgenera+on•  probablydonotneedhigh(butwouldbeokay)

–  Surfacecharging–  Temperaturecontrol

•  e.g.formechanisms

–  Humiditycontrol•  Forsoilbehavior‐geotechnical,charging

•  TestbedNeeds–  Basicregolithtes+ng(geotechnical)–  “Sandbox”

•  Possiblyalargetestbed(3mx3m?)‐wouldneedtobeabletopar++ontomakesmaller‐filledwithregolith

•  A4’x4’x3’containerthatcouldbetransferredtothecentrifuge•  Oukitcontainerwithframetosuspendequipmentfortest

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Simula+on/TheoryNeeds

•  Modelregolithatthepar+clelevelwitheffectsofcharging,agglu+nates,etc.

•  Simulatetheenablingtechnologies(e.g.aplowbladeorwheel)

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IndustrialScaleLunarSimulant•  Zybek/USGSproducingNASANU‐LHTSeriessimulants

–  Chemicallyandphysicallysimilartohighlandsmaterial–  Containcrystal,glassandagglu+nate–  Producelunarbuildingmaterials–  1to15tonspermonth

•  Coreofglass/agglu+natetechnology:–  Remotelycoupledarcs;upto1MWpower–  Provide~13,000to20,000˚Kwithrapidthermalgradient–  Un‐matchedtempandthermalgradientatatmosphericpressure

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Glass/Agglu+nateProduc+on

Produc+onofLHTGlass(minimelter)Videoclip‐Produc+onofLHTagglu+nate

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LunarSimulant

•  Done:(toolsforCUresearch)–  LHT1,2,3(Glass,agglu+nate,re‐crystallizedmaterial)– MeltBreccias–  Small‐scalebuildingmaterials

•  Fiber,testbricks•  ToBeDone:(Researchtopics)

–  BepercontrolNanoFeintoagglu+nate–  Synthe+cAnorthite/lunarmaterials–  Full‐scaledustproduc+on–  Interac+ons‐glass/agglu+nate/nanoFetoequipment–  Interac+ons‐glass/agglu+nate/nanoFetopeople

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TheLunarSurfaceEnvironment•  Photons•  Neutrals

–  H2,fromsolarwindrecomb. (undetected)

–  Ne,fromwind–  40Ar,from40K–  Na,fromgardening–  Landerexhaust&outgassing

•  Solidpar+cles–  Levitatedregolith–  Micrometeorites–  Ejecta–  Regoliths+rredbyac+vity

•  Electrons–  Photoemission,~3eV–  Solarwind,~10eV–  >30eV,flares,magnetosphere

•  Ions–  Protons,solarwind–  Solarwindminorityspecies–  Photoionizedatmosphere–  Impactejecta

•  Fields–  Electrosta+c

•  Ver+calfromsheath•  Horizontalfromterminator•  Complex,fromtopography•  Nightside,fromprotonshadowing

–  Magne+canomalies

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Lunar Surface Processes

Effects of Meteoroid Impacts on the Lunar Surface

What can be measured in the laboratory by simulations with a dust accelerator (DA, 0.1 to 1 micron projectiles at 1 to 50 km/s speed) or

Light-Gas-Gun (LG, 10 to 100 micron projectiles at 3 to 6 km/s speed)? Typical meteoroid impact speeds on the lunar surface range from

a few to ca. 100 km/s. All impact phenomena are strongly dependent on projectile material, size and speed.

SimulationPhenomenon Description

DA LG

Diagnostics

Cratering Central pit and spallation zone in brittle materials

like lunar rocks and glasses ! ! Microscopy, electron microscopy

Gardening Soil process: turn-over of regolith ! Marking of soil layers

Projectile/target

vaporization

Vaporization, gas release, re-condensation ! Mass spectroscopy, vapor

deposition and analysis

Plasma generation Pos. and neg. ions and electrons from projectile and

target ! Charge collection, mass

spectroscopy

Light emission Excited atoms/molecules from projectile and target ! Photo-multiplier, Spectrometer

High-speed ejecta Ejection of particulates and molten material at

speeds above ~ 1 km/s up to multiples of impact

speed

! ! Impact light flash, craters on

witness plates, impact mass

spectrometer?

Low-speed ejecta Chips from the target, unmodified regolith particles ! Microphones, dust collectors

Target melting Central crater and high-speed ejecta consist of

molten target material intermixed with some

projectile material

! ! Microprobe analysis

Chemical/mineralogical

fractionation

Change of chemistry and mineralogy of projectile

and target during melting and formation of glass

agglutinates

! ! Particle collection, microprobe

analysis

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1.  Adsorp?on‐desorp?onprocessesforgasesonfinesoilgrains.1.1Doesdesorp+on+medependongrainsize?1.2Whatistheenergydistribu+onofdesorbedatoms?1.3Doesspecificheatofdustdependongrainsize?

2.  SpuFererosion.2.1Howdosolarwindhydrogenandcarbonescapefromthemoon?2.2WhydoesspuperedHehavesub‐escapeveloci+es?2.3WhyaretrappedsolarwindHe/Nehighinagglu+natesandbreccias,anddepletedinilmenite?2.4Isthesurfaceareaofexposedgrainsdominatedbyagglu+natesalthoughmassmaybedominatedbysubmicronpar+cles?2.5Whatisthecomposi+onofspuperedmaterial?IsNapreferen+allyremovedfromrocksurfacesbyspupering?

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3.Micrometeorerosion.3.1Whatarethera+osofvaporizedandmeltedrocktoimpactormassasfunc+onsofimpactorvelocity?3.2Doesthecomposi+onofvapordependonimpactenergyorsoilgrainsizedistribu+on?3.3Whatistheenergydistribu+onofvapor?

3.4Whatisthecomposi+onofvapor(molecularand/orelemental)?Areanyelementsletbehind?3.5Whatfrac+onofthevaporre‐condenses?3.6Areanyagglu+natesorbrecciascreated,andarepre‐implantedtracerelementsretained?

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Instrumenta+ontestbed

Schema+cdiagramoflunarsurfacedustexperiments:TheUVlampilluminatesasurfaceofregolithsimulanthavingaboulderandacraterastopographicfeatures.Plasmaprobesareusedtomaptheelectrosta+cpoten+alscreatedbytheunevenphotoemission.Amodelofasetofinstruments(plasmaprobesanddusttelescope)designedforthelunarsurfacewillbetestedinaseungascloselyresemblingthelunarsurfaceaspossible.Thedopedlineisthetrajectoryofadustpar+clemovingtowardthedusttelescope.

UVlamp

1m

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Dustadhesionexperiment

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DustAcceleratorforImpactStudiesPelletron3MVionaccelerator(modifiedfordustaccel.)•  ModeledaterHeidelbergdustaccelerator

•  Ionheadremovedandreplacedwithdusthead

(par+clecharging~30%offieldemissionlimit)

•  Preciseselec+onofpar+cles(size/velocity)allowedtotarget•  Par+clematerials: Iron,Silver,Latex,???

•  Par+clesizes: 0.2–2.5 µm

•  Par+cleveloci+es: ≤100km/s

 Similar to bombardment of lunar surface 

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FacilitytobelocatedatcyclotronlabonEastcampus

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Scienceques+ons•  Whatarethecharacteris+csofthemicro‐plasmacreatedupon

micrometeoriteimpact?

•  Whatistheangulardistribu+onandvelocitydistribu+onoftheejectedpar+culates/ions/neutrals?

•  Whatisthesize,charge,andchemicalcomposi+onoftheliberateddebris?[Esp.onrealis+cregolithmaterial...]

•  Howareimpactsaffectedby,andhowdotheyaffect,thechargedlunardustatmosphere?

•  Whatistheeffect(single/accumulated)ofbombardmentonmaterials,instrumenta+on,etc.?

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G.Lapenta(Belgium) P.Messmer(Tech‐XCorpora+on)

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LDEX,impactdetec+on(mass,velocity)

ELDA,slowdustdetec+on(charge,velocityv,mass)

DTS,slowoffastdust(charge,velocityvectors)

LAMA,dustcomposi+on(mass,velocityalso)

DustTelescopeDTS+LAMA

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A–lunarsurfacesimula+onchamberB–dustacceleratorC–lightgasgun

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4.3.2Ins?tu?onalCommitmentTheterm'ins+tu+onalcommitment'isintendedtoincludethoseaspectsofexis+ngorproposedinfrastructurethatwillcontributeinasubstan+alwaytothedevelopmentofthefieldoflunarscienceandtheNLSI.Contribu+onsbyboththeleadins+tu+onandotherTeammembersorins+tu+onscanbeconsidered.Examplesinclude:trainingofundergraduate,graduate,andpostgraduatestudentsinlunarscienceanditsrelatedfields;academicdegreeorcer+fica+onprogramsinlunarstudies;permanentortenure‐trackposi+ons;offices,laboratories,andotherexperimentalorcomputa+onalfacili+es;communica+onstechnologyequipmentand/orstaff+me;associatedresearchgroupsthatcanbeshowntobeofdirectandsubstan+vebenefittotheIns+tuteandthelunarscien+ficcommunity;andengineeringandtechnologyplanninganddevelopmentcapabili+esthatallowsubstan+vecontribu+onstoexis+ngorplannedNASAspaceorlunar/planetaryexplora+onmissions.Ingeneral,thecoopera+veofferoftheseandothercri+calresourcestobeprovidedatnocosttotheNLSIbytheproposerisconsideredprima facie evidence of ins5tu5onal commitment.  

1)  Cyclotronbuilding&offices2)  2facultylines&startupfunds(~600KtobeinvestedinCU/LSI)3)  Newcourses……….

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PartnerPar+cipa+on

CompaniesthathaveshownaninterestintheIns+tute

 An+cipatedsupportfrommanypoten+alcorporateorganiza+onspossible.

 InKindSupport MatchingFunds

 Contribu+ons SupportfromtheColoradoStateLegislaturemaybesoughttofurtherColorado’sSpaceindustrialleadership

 UniversityofColoradoin‐kindsupportwouldbeleveragedtoinsureamaximumreturnontheinvestmentbyincreasedgrantsandcontracts.

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TheLunarScienceIns+tutewillprovideafocusforexplora+onresearchattheUniversityofColorado.

AshowcasefortheUniversityofColorado’sexis+ngexper+seinLunar,soil,dustandatmosphere.

Houseaworldclassdustacceleratorfacilitythatwilldrawresearchfromaglobalsetofresearchersworkingonexplora+on.

TheLunarScienceIns+tuteandtheUniversityofColorado

Createeduca+onandresearchopportuni+esintheareaofLunarexplora+on.

Workwithin‐stateaerospaceorganiza+onstopartnerinexplora+onresearch.

HelpdemonstratetheUniversityofColorado’scommitmenttoeduca+onofAerospacescien+stsandengineers.

Bringinnewopportuni+esfromNASA.

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JointPar+cipa+onProjects•  WASHINGTON‐‐OnJune6,NASAwillreleaseabroadagency

announcementsolici+nglunarsurfacesystemsconceptstudyproposalstohelptheagencydevelopplansforareturntothemoonby2020.NASA'sConstella+onProgramisinvi+nginterestedins+tu+ons,includingindustryandacademia,toapendadiscussionoftheannouncementonJune6attheU.S.ChamberofCommerce,1615HStreet,NW,Washington.Organiza+onsinterestedinsubmiungproposalsareencouragedtoapendtheinforma+onsession.Registra+onisavailableonlineat:

hpp://www.explora+on.nasa.gov

SBIRandSTTRSolicita?onsThe2008SBIR/STTRSolicita?onisscheduledtoopenonJuly7,2008atnoonandclosesonSeptember4,2008

NASAissuesannualprogramsolicita+onsthatsetforthasubstan+alnumberofR/R&Dtopicsandsubtopicareasconsistentwithstatedagencyneedsormissions.Boththelistoftopicsandthedescrip+onofthetopicsandsubtopicsaresufficientlycomprehensivetoprovideawiderangeofopportunityforSmallBusinessConcerns(SBC)topar+cipateinNASAresearchorR&Dprograms.TopicsandsubtopicsemphasizetheneedforproposalswithadvancedconceptstomeetspecificagencyR/R&Dneeds.

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NASAGlennResearchCenter(GRC)hasarequirementforLunarRegolithExcava+on,HandlingandProcessing‐TechnologyDevelopmentand

Demonstra+onsforOutpostOpera+ons.

LUNARREGOLITHEXCAVATIONHANDLINGANDPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT

ANDDEMONSTRATIONSFOROUTPOSTOPERATIONS

GeneralInforma+on===================

Solicita+onNumber:NNC08ZRE032RReferenceNumber:N/ANAISPostedDate:May30,2008FedBizOppsPostedDate:May30,2008ResponseDate:Jun16,2008Classifica+onCode:A‐‐ResearchandDevelopmentNAICSCode:541712‐ResearchandDevelopmentinthePhysical,Engineering,andLifeSciences(exceptBiotechnology)Set‐AsideCode:N/AInternetAddress:hpp://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi‐bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=22#130287

OfficeAddress==========================

NASA/GlennResearchCenter,21000BrookparkRoad,Cleveland,OH44135

Descrip+on===========

NASAGlennResearchCenter(GRC)hasarequirementforLunarRegolithExcava+on,HandlingandProcessing‐TechnologyDevelopmentandDemonstra+onsforOutpostOpera+ons.

NASA/GRCintendstocontractwiththeCanadianCommercialCorpora+on(CCC)andtheNorthernCentreforAdvancedTechnology(NORCAT)toobtainmechanicallunarregolithsimulantandlunar‐compa+bleregolithexcava+onandhandlingtechnologies.Thiseffortinvolvescollabora+veuseofcomplementarylunarregolithtestbinsatbothNORCATandGRCu+lizingtheNORCATdevelopedlunarregolithsimulant,"OB1",whichisproprietarytoNORCAT;developmentofsmall‐scalelunarexcava+onimplementsfordeliverytoNASAforevalua+onandtes+ngusing"OB1";developmentofapproachestolunarminingaddressingmininglogis+csandhardwarereliability;andthedevelopmentofsmall‐scalelunarregolithprocessingandhandlingdevicesfordeliverytoNASAforevalua+onandtes+ngusing"OB1".ItisbelievedthatonlyNORCATthroughCCCcanprovidethiseffort,asthereisnoothersourcethathasdevelopedarecognizedlunarregolithsimulant.

TheGovernmentdoesnotintendtoacquireacommercialitemusingFARPart12.SeeNote26.

Interestedorganiza+onsmaysubmittheircapabili+esandqualifica+onstoperformtheeffortinwri+ngtotheiden+fiedpointofcontactnotlaterthan4:30p.m.local+meonJune16,2008.Suchcapabili+es/qualifica+onswillbeevaluatedsolelyforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetherornottoconductthisprocurementonacompe++vebasis.Adetermina+onbytheGovernmentnottocompetethisproposedeffortonafullandopencompe++onbasis,baseduponresponsestothisno+ce,issolelywithinthediscre+onofthegovernment.