introducing the landscape approach (bangkok, october 2010) landscape functions and people
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Introducing the Landscape Approach
(Bangkok, October 2010)
Landscape functions and people
Introduction games
who has come from closest by?
who has come from furthest away?
who has travelled the most hours?
who comes from the smallest country?
who comes from the biggest country?
who has come from the most important country? Why?
where is the centre of the world?
what is our centre now?
National
GovernmentNon-
governmental
local
Forest
policy practice
non-forest
Knowing our positions within the landscape
we are all actors in our landscape
what is our position within?
what is our role?
do we like that, or do we want to change? Why?
Joint definition of "landscape"
discuss in groups of three write three key words on cards assemble the cards and form a joint definition
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Landscape approach
a landscape is never static but characterised by its processes and
dynamics
Definition of a landscape
“scape” or “schap”:
View, appearance, shape, creation
Property, archaic form of governance
Social construct which changes over time
Definition of a landscape
Neef (1967): "a landscape is a concrete part of the earth's surface shaped by uniform structure and same process pattern"
Definition of a landscape
Turner (2001): “spatially heterogeneous geographic areas characterized by diverse interacting patches or ecosystems, ranging from relatively natural terrestrial and aquatic systems such as forests, grasslands and lakes to human-dominated environments including agricultural, urban (and industrial ) settings".
The definition of a landscape, lies in the eyes of the beholder...
Definition of a landscape
Multi-functional landscapes
Segregation of production functionSegregation of production function
Integration of production and environmental functions
Multi-functional landscapes
Landscape approach
is all about finding the balance between ecological integrity and human well-being
Does the landscape approach offer something new?
Response to:
Previous attempts to plan development
Withdrawal of central states, new scope for local stakeholders
Search for stronger regional identities
Climate change: shorter production chains
Landscape approach
Making use of existing experiences:
Decentralised NRM
Participatory land use planning –
(gestion du terroir/territoir)
Community forestry
See the bigger picture
Landscape as an arena
Well forested catchment
Rich biodiversity
High value timber
Attractive scenery, tourism
Ancestral homeland
Subsistence farm land
Commercial farm land
Biofuel production
Grazing land
Human settlement
Sub-soil richness
Which are the land use options?
Well forested catchment
Rich biodiversity
High value timber
Attractive scenery, tourism
Ancestral homeland
Subsistence farm land
Commercial farm land
Biofuel production
Grazing land
Human settlement
Sub-soil richness
Which are the claims? What are the claims?
Well forested catchment
Rich biodiversity
High value timber
Attractive scenery, tourism
Ancestral homeland
Subsistence farm land
Commercial farm land
Biofuel production
Grazing land
Human settlement
Sub-soil richness
Who are the claimants?
Who are the claimants?
What are the claims?
What drives them?
Districtpolicy
Need for money
Power relations
education
Empowerment
Need for firewood
Local Market prices
Food needs
Ability to invest
Land ownership
Land pressure
Labour force
Districtpolicy
Need for money
Power relations
education
Empowerment
Need for firewood
Local Market prices
Food needs
Ability to invest
Land ownership
Land pressure
Labour force
Population growth
Climate change
Demand for (bio)fuels
Increased Interest in biodiversity
Growing demandAnimal feed
Increased mobility
Globalisation
Need for minerals
Commodity prices up
Increased exploitati
on
Direct foreign investments
Land grabbing
Growing fooddemand
What are the drivers that drive them?
Potential conflicts
Districtpolicy
Need for money
Power relations
education
Empowerment
Need for firewood
Local Market prices
Food needs
Ability to invest
Land ownership
Land pressure
Labour force
Population growth
Climate change
Demand for (bio)fuels
Increased Interest in biodiversity
Growing demandAnimal feed
Increased mobility
Globalisation
Need for minerals
Commodity prices up
Increased exploitati
on
Direct foreign investments
Land grabbing
Growing fooddemand Competin
g claims
Drivers at multiple levels and scales
Giller et al, 2008
Mismatches in levels and scales
Bio-physical scales
Individual
family
Community
Country
Region
Municipality
Province/district
department
Governance scales
Local
provincial
National
International
municipal
Juridical scales
What is the difference?
Simple and complex systems
Cooking
Simple
Predictable
Recipe
Landscape
Complex
Not predictable
Research
Scenarios
Adaptive management
Social learning
Puzzle
Simple
Predictable
Single solution
Trial & error
Machine
Complicated
Not predictable
Guidelines
Problem tree
Planning
ComplicatedComplex
Chaotic Simple
Source: Cognitive Edge (www.cognitive-edge.com)
Cynefin Framework
How to understand complex realities?
Ping pong ball game
How to deal with complex realities
Understanding complex realities
Looking at reality through different eyes:
Multiple actors
Multiple sectors
Multiple scales
What's the problem?
Landscape approach is an approach to interpret and understand complex realities
LLP is a way to intervene in complex realities
Landscape approach versus landscape level planning
is not easy to understand Cannot easily be controlled or planned Can be influenced By addressing the entire system By moving from planning to emergence
Both acknowledge that a landscape:
Landscape approach versus landscape level planning
From planning to emergence
Planned Incremental Emergent
From planning to emergence
participation of all actors involved
Flexible and adaptive management
Creating synergies across boundaries
Searching for “win-win” options
Collaborative learning
Any questions?
IF NOT: THANK YOU!
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