intro to spatial data

Spatial Data, Spatial Analysis &

OSMDevdatta TengsheDatameet, Pune

What Will We cover?

● What is Spatial Data?

● How can It be used?

● GIS 101

● Where Do I get it?

● OSM

What Is Spatial Data ?

What Is Spatial Data?

● Answers the Question “Where”?

● Any Data that has a spatial

component, i.e. location

○ Address

○ Census Information

○ Land records

What Can you do with

Spatial Data ?

Using Spatial Data, you can solve problems with Spatial

Components.

Mostly, you are finding Spatial patterns,

discovering Correlations, querying, filtering &

processing data and performing spatial

modelling

Spatial patterns

https://github.com/openbangalore/bm

tc

http://routemaster.hydlab.in/

Correlations

Percent residents with level 4 qualifications & above

Percent residents employed in manufacturing

www.geofutures.com/2012/02/spot-hard-data-pattern-add-soft-knowledge/

processing data

spatial modelling

SLEUTH modelwww.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0322sleuth.html

What Do I Need to Know?

Data Models

Raster

raster data model: A representation of the world as a surface divided into a regular grid of cells.

Vector

vector data model: A representation of the world using points, lines, and polygons.

File Formats

• Shapefile• GeoJSON• KML• TIFF• Spatial Databases• & Many More

ShapefileMandatory files

● .shp — shape format; the feature geometry itself● .shx — shape index format; a positional index of the

feature geometry to allow seeking forwards and backwards quickly

● .dbf — attribute format; columnar attributes for each shape, in dBase IV format

Other files

● .prj — projection format; the coordinate system and projection information, a plain text file describing the projection using well-known text format

● .sbn and .sbx — a spatial index of the features● .shp.xml — geospatial metadata in XML format

GeoJSON

{

"type": "Feature",

"properties": {},

"geometry": {

"type": "Point",

"coordinates": [

73.7773346,

18.5108148

]

}

}

Spatial Database

• Supported by usual RDBMS like: Oracle, MS SQL Server, Postgres

• Also supported by Spatialite• Direct Query via SQL:

Select VILLAGE_NAME, CODE from Village where ST_Contains(geom, ST_PointFromText("POINT (73.7773346 18.5108148)"));

Applications

v

Big Data, GIS & Business Analytics

Retail & Business

Retail & Business

Retail & Business

Retail & Business

Land & Realty

Land & Realty

Utilities

TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

Where Do I get Spatial Data From?

• You can collect the data directly on the field, via GPS etc• Or Create it by Digitizing from Satellite Maps

Create It yourself

• You will get Data from different sources, and in different formats, such as:• Tables• Excel Files• PDF• Images

Convert it

• Scrape It • Github: https://github.com/datameet/maps/• Download it from sites like Geocommons

COPY IT

OpenStreetMap

OSM Stats

# of users: 22,12,002# of uploaded GPS points: 48,058,19,177# of nodes: 29,867,22,183# of ways: 3,030,45,294# of relations : 35,87,570

OSM Demo

OSM Downloads

• http://download.geofabrik.de • http://extract.bbbike.org/• http://overpass-turbo.eu/

Spatial Data -Indian Context

• How many Districts in India?• Village Boundaries?• Pin Codes• Census Data?• Others?

Questions?