intentional changes: allen tough
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INTENTIONAL CHANGESA FRESH APPROACH TO HELPING PEOPLE CHANGE
Allen ToughSonya JacobsADE 6966 – Master’s Seminar 2013
Allen Tough 1936-2012 Canadian Adult Educator,
Futurist, Researcher, Author Prof Emeritus University of
Toronto Self Directed Learning Informal Learning SETI(search for
extraterrestrial intelligence)
Books 1967: Learning Without a
Teacher 1971: The Adult's Learning
Projects 1982: Intentional Changes 1991: Crucial Questions About
the Future 1995: A Message from Future
Generations 2000: When SETI Succeeds:
The Impact of High-Information Contact
Chapters1. Focusing on Intentional Changes2. Areas of Change3. The Size and Importance of Intentional
Changes4. Who Chooses, Plans, and Implements the
Changes5. Implications for Improving Professional
Practice and Policy6. An Optimum Amount of Professional
Control7. Significant Directions for Research8. An Optimistic Future for Intentional
Changes
Intentional Changes Study A comprehensive study focusing on intentional changes among
adults. Different approaches to the way adults implement change Conducted personal interviews with 150 individuals (Canada, the
United States, and England) Each person was asked to asked to recall their largest, most
important intentional change during the past two years Almost all of the 150 respondents reported significant changes,
and 31 percent were able to describe “a huge or enormous change” within the two year period.
Change contains two key elements Choice (conscious choice, with intention, not coerced, voluntary) Striving or action (The person took steps to achieve change)
Findings
Table 1- Areas of Change
Area PercentageCareer, job, and training 33Human relationships, emotions, and self-perception
21
Enjoyable activities 11Residence location 10Maintenance of home and finances
7
Physical health 7Volunteer helping activities3 3Religion 3Basic competence (in reading, driving, etc.)
3
Each figure indicates the percentage of adults whose largest, most important intentional change in the past two years falls primarily within the given area. N = 144. Source: Allen Tough. Intentional Changes: A Fresh Approach to Helping People Change. Chicago: Follett.,1982, p. 26.
Table 2 – Extent to Which Various Resources Contributed to Choosing, Planning, and Implementing the Changes
Resource Choosing Planning ImplementingThe person himself/herself 68 69 73Non-professionals in individual one to one interaction 23 19 16In a group 2 2 1Professionals in individual one to one interaction 3 7 6
In a group 0.3 1 2Books/other resources
4 4 2
For each of the three tasks in turn, each interviewee distributed 100 percentage points among the various resources. This table presents the means of those percentages. Source: Allen Tough. Intentional Changes: A Fresh Approach to Helping People Change. New York: Chicago: Follett.,1982, p. 53.
Implications for Improving Professional Practice and Policy1. Improve individual
competence and managing change
2. Develop better help with goals and planning
3. Increase information about opportunities and resources
4. Reduce undue restriction on freedom of choice
5. Widen the range of opportunities and resources
6. Improve ongoing support from nonprofessionals
7. Improve the effectiveness of professional helpers
An Optimum Amount of Professional Control
Continuum of Control
0 100%
___________________________________________Person has zero control because the help has complete control Person retains 100% of control
Who controls the Choice of the Change, Strategy Decisions, Implementation Activities?Source: Allen Tough. Intentional Changes: A Fresh Approach to Helping People Change. New York: Chicago: Follett.,1982, p. 105.
Chapters 7 & 8
Place of Intentional Changes within all changes
Basic surveys of Intentional changes
Causes of over control Needs for Additional
help
Significant Directions for Policy and Practice
Implications for Research
Achieving the full potential
Significant Directions for Research An Optimistic Future for Intentional Changes
Reference:
Tough, A. (1982) Intentional Changes: A fresh approach to helping people change. Chicago: Follett.
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