intelligent traffic light control using embedded systems

Intelligent Traffic Light Control Using Embedded Systems

SRIJAN SINGH TUDU, EEE-C1, B310055

CONTENTS Introduction. What an Embedded System Is. Creating an Embedded Application. Applications of Embedded System. Intelligent Traffic Light Control Using

Embedded Systems. Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION A House that recognizes your

fingerprint, and opens doors. A Fridge that checks food supplies

and orders to replenish them. Could you ever imagine a person

traveling in a driver-less car? Impossible?

“RTOS and Embedded System” makes this possible.

WHAT AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM ISGenerally “Devices used to

control, monitor or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or plant.”

Any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general-purpose computer is an embedded system.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DIFFER COMPUTERS A computer is a general-purpose

device capable of performing several types of tasks like word processing, internet-access, gaming etc.

A computer uses a general purpose Microprocessor like Pentium, Athlon.

A general purpose computer produces result, but they are not strictly bound by time-constraints.

On the other hand an Embedded System usually performs one or few specific tasks.

Whereas Embedded System uses a Microprocessor/Micro-controller like 8951, Z80, 8051.

Embedded systems are also known as real time systems since they respond to an event and produce the result with in a guaranteed time period.

REALTIME SYSTEMS Real-time and embedded systems

technology is a key enabling technology for the future in an ever-growing domain of important applications.

A real time system is a system, which requires a “timely” response from the computer system to prevent failures.

CREATING EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS

“Creating an embedded application involves three important activities.”

Writing the software program. Writing together the necessary

hardware. Testing and Debugging.

WRITING SOFTWARE The software for an embedded system can be

written in Assembly Language, C, C++ or Java (usually called “FIRMWARE”)

We are using different processors for each new application, then Assembly Language is the most suited.

However if we are using the same processor and similar hardware configuration for each new application, it is advisable to create in C.

WRITING HARDWARE

A System designer has to study the data sheet of a Microprocessor/Micro controller for pin configurations, operating voltage, input/output current capabilities, temperature resistance etc and connect it to the system to be controlled.

TESTING AND DEBUGGING

This is what makes an embedded system crash proof.

Debugging involves defining a suitable, predefine response to all possible operation scenarios that may be faced by the embedded system.

APPLICATIONS Building Systems. Manufacturing and

Process Control. Medical Diagnostics. Transport Systems. Communication

Systems. Banking, Finance and

Commerce.

INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROL Growing number of road

users and the limited resources provided by current infrastructures lead to ever increasing traveling times.

Novel technologies such as communication networks and sensor networks, sophisticated algorithms for setting traffic lights.

we are coping with a complex multi-agent system, where communication and coordination play essential roles.

The research has led to a novel system in which traffic light controllers and the behavior of car drivers are optimized using machine-learning methods.

CONCEPT Suppose there are a number of cars with their

destination address standing before a crossing. All vehicles communicate to the traffic light

with their specific place in the queue and their destination address.

To minimize the long-term average waiting time until all vehicles have arrived at their destination address.

The learning traffic light controllers solve this problem by estimating how long it would take for a car to arrive at its destination address (for which the vehicle may need to pass many different traffic lights) when currently the light would be put on green, and how long it would take if the light would be put on red.

To estimate the waiting times, we use 'reinforcement learning’.

One nice feature is that the system is very fair; it never lets one car wait for a very long time, since then its gain of setting its own light to green becomes very large, and the optimal decision of the traffic light will set his light to green.

We solve the traffic light control problem by using a distributed multi-agent system, where cooperation and coordination are done by communication, learning, and voting mechanisms.

RESULT The results indicate that the learning

controllers can reduce average waiting times with at least 70% in semi-busy traffic situations, and even much more when high congestion of the traffic occurs.

CONCLUSION The “Intelligent Traffic Light Control Using Embedded

System” is more reliable, highly accurate and offers higher performance over the traffic light controllers that were used earlier.

The easy availability of good design tools and software engineers has been two key factors in fuelling the growth of embedded systems.

The Intelligent traffic control is just a small part, looking at the bigger picture it has large-scale application in ITS(Intelligent Transportation System).

“This not only help’s solve the notion of Traffic Gridlock, but

also the Environmental Issues.”

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