integrated assessment

Regular process for global reporting and assessmentassessment of the state of the

marine environment, including socio-economicsocio-economic aspects

Integrated Assessment

How do we approach this?How do we approach this?

• What do we mean by integration?• What are the elements that we should

assess?• How far have these been assessed?• What else can we assess?

Integrated Assessment

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Integrated Assessment of the Environment

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

This includes a massive range

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Integrated Assessment of Human Activities

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Bringing together:• Environmental• Economic• Social

The third dimension of integration

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

The main sections of the Possible Outline of the First Global Integrated Assessment:Part III – Ocean ProcessesPart V – Human ActivitiesPart VI – Marine Biodiversity

Integrated underPart IV – Food Security & Safety – as a cross-cutting issue Part VII – Overall Integration

Putting this together

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Basic Frameworkand examples of cell content

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Dimension/Aspect

Ocean Processes

Biological Diversity

Human Activities

Environmental Ocean currents, Primary production, etc

State of coral reefs, effects of fishing discards

Pollution from land-based sources, etc

Economic Effects of El Niño,

Coral reefs as tourist attractions, etc

Shipping as part of world trade, etc

Social Tsunamis, etc Aesthetic impact of coral reefs, etc

Tourism, etc

The environmental aspects are themselves a matrix of interactive elements:• Geological structure (rocks, sediments…)• Water column (water quality, temperature, salinity,

currents,…)• Biota (the different trophic levels)

Can we measure whether we have overall a healthy and sustainable marine environment?

Integrating environmental assessment

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

How to envisage this ecosystem envelope?The allium analogue

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• Drivers – the underlying forces that drive change in the environment – both material and societal.

• Pressures – the channels through which these forces affect the environment – again, both material and societal;

• States – the resulting states of the environment, including socio-economic uses of it;

• Impacts – the resulting impacts of these pressures and states on biological diversity and human well-being.

• Responses – the ways that society has responded and the results of those responses –

But we must NOT get into discussions of policy.

DPSIR

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• Physical elements (Oceanography – geology, currents, sedimentation…..)

• Chemical elements (Water quality – salinity, nutrients, contaminants…..)

• Biological elements (Numbers, health and reproductive success of the various species…..)

Measuring the vectors

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• In each broad division we need to consider a wide range of elements

• For example, among the biological elements, we must consider at least 9 categories:– Phytoplankton - Zooplankton– Macrophytes - Crustacea and molluscs– Other benthic species– Fish - Marine Reptiles – Sea Birds - Marine Mammals

Range of Vectors

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

What can be crucial to avoid information overload? Possible criteria include:

• The miner’s canary• Keystone functions • Predominant species • Economically significant species • Boundary conditions

Selecting information

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

The miner's canary

• Ecologically and biologically significant areas

• Vulnerable marine ecosystems

CBD & FAO

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Overviews

Aggregating Measures (summarising the combined effects of different elements):

Especially top predators, for example, in the North Sea:

• grey seals• sea-bird populations

Overviews

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Measurements that can link S (status) to P (pressures)

For example:• mercury and/or organochlorine compounds in

sea-bird eggs • proportion of dead sea-birds found with oil

contamination on shore-lines. • satellite surveillance of chlorophyll a

concentrations in surface sea water.

Linkages

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Levels of economic activity

Inputs & External Outputs burdens

Economic Use ofoutcomes capital

Integrating economic assessment

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• What are the levels of maritime economic activities?

• How are these levels changing?• Can we assess the factors that are leading

to these changes?

Levels of economic activity

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

The availability of inputs, such as:• Trained manpower;• Necessary equipment;• Knowledge of how to operate;• Knowledge of the state of the oceans;affects the outputs from maritime economic

activities.Can we assess how the balance is changing?

Inputs and outputs

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• Taking benefits from the oceans involves both internal and external burdens.

• Internal burdens are those carried by the people who receive the benefits.

• External burdens are those which are suffered by everyone else (including damage to the environment)

• The “polluter pays” principle aims to minimise external burdens

• Can we assess where the polluter is not paying?

External burdens

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

What are the economic outcomes of the human uses of the marine environment?

• Outcomes for livelihoods• Outcomes for communities dependent on

the marine environment• Wealth generation

Economic outcomes

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• What is the level of capital use in maritime economic activities?

• What are the links between the levels of maritime economic activities and the capital employed?

• Can we assess the factors affecting the provision of capital to maritime activities?

Use of capital

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

UK evaluation of gross value added by maritime economic activity

A spectrum of relationships between societies and the seas:– Social groups who earn a living entirely at sea – Social groups part of whose livelihood comes from the

sea– Communities dependent on those who earn their living

from the sea– Social groups who have intermittent contact with the

sea– Social groups who rarely even see the sea

Integrating social assessment

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

• Health• Income levels and livelihoods• Degree of community dependency• Other aspects of well-being (relaxation,

aesthetic enjoyment….)

Social aspects

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

Relevant statistics on health could include• Life expectancy of those in marine work;• Injury rates of those in marine work;• Distribution and impact of marine-related

illnesses

Health

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

How can we assess the livelihoods of those wholly or partially dependent on the marine environment?

Relevant statistics on income of marine workers could include:

• Levels in different parts of the world;• Relative levels of pay for marine work compared

with pay for other work within the region

Livelihoods of marine workers

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

How can we assess the extent to which communities are dependent on the sea?

Are there assessments of the reliance of societies on the marine environment?

Community dependency

Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

The goal - healthy and sustainable seas