integrated approaches across focal areas
Post on 13-Apr-2017
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Integrated ApproachesIntegrated Approaches Across Focal Areas Across Focal Areas
Need for GEF to demonstrate sustainable Need for GEF to demonstrate sustainable outcomes in addressing global environmental outcomes in addressing global environmental issues across 6 focal areas.issues across 6 focal areas.
Biosphere—issues are related (at global and Biosphere—issues are related (at global and local levels)local levels)
We need to indentify links between focal area We need to indentify links between focal area programs and capture synergies to make programs and capture synergies to make interventions:interventions:
cost effectivecost effectiveachieve critical massachieve critical massMore sustainableMore sustainable
However…However… There is no systematic approach to There is no systematic approach to
incorporating interlinkages in GEF Project incorporating interlinkages in GEF Project (or Program) design(or Program) design
Current levels of coordination across the Current levels of coordination across the GEF Portfolio within a geographic region GEF Portfolio within a geographic region (both within and between IAs) are weak, (both within and between IAs) are weak, undermining achievement of critical massundermining achievement of critical mass
Thematic silos within GEF and IA Thematic silos within GEF and IA programs/investment portfolios programs/investment portfolios undermines integration into strategic undermines integration into strategic development plans and sustainability of development plans and sustainability of project level interventionsproject level interventions
ActionsActions Develop a design tool to help incorporate linkages Develop a design tool to help incorporate linkages
between focal areasbetween focal areas at program level, to break down silosat program level, to break down silos at project level to hard wire linkages into project at project level to hard wire linkages into project
design (see STAP tool)design (see STAP tool) Improve coordination of GEF projects across focal Improve coordination of GEF projects across focal
areas within a geographic region where potential areas within a geographic region where potential synergies and value added are high synergies and value added are high
Capture these synergies in policy reform and Capture these synergies in policy reform and governance arrangements to solidify links, improve governance arrangements to solidify links, improve outcomes and enhance sustainability. outcomes and enhance sustainability.
STAP Design ToolSTAP Design ToolApply a checklist in early stages of a project development Apply a checklist in early stages of a project development designed to minimise negative effects and maximize designed to minimise negative effects and maximize positive effects of a project in one focal area on anotherpositive effects of a project in one focal area on another
Example: Example:
Ecosystem management in semi-arid landsEcosystem management in semi-arid lands• Positive effects on other focal areas:Positive effects on other focal areas:
CC: Increased carbon storage if project is successfulCC: Increased carbon storage if project is successfulReduced wind erosion can lead to decreased Reduced wind erosion can lead to decreased dust storms if large areas are planteddust storms if large areas are planted
IW: Decreased sediment flowIW: Decreased sediment flow Decreased fluctuations in seasonal flows Decreased fluctuations in seasonal flows
and and water erosionwater erosion Increased productivity of aquatic biota Increased productivity of aquatic biota
Panel DiscussionPanel Discussion IW & B linkages: Conservation and Sustainable IW & B linkages: Conservation and Sustainable
Use of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef SystemUse of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System IW & LD linkages: Reversing Land Degradation IW & LD linkages: Reversing Land Degradation
in the Upper Saban Yegua Projectin the Upper Saban Yegua Project IW and POPs: DDT Alternatives in Central IW and POPs: DDT Alternatives in Central
AmericaAmerica IW & Climate Change: Global Coral Reef IW & Climate Change: Global Coral Reef
Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management ProjectManagement Project
“Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management”
GEF/WB TR Project
in support of Science-based Management and Policy
Working Group on Bleaching and Climate Change
MECHANISMS OF THERMAL STRESS
FUTURE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC
IMPLICATIONS
BIOINDICATORS OF CORAL STRESS
ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
AND OUTCOMES
How fast and where is change occurring?
What is changing?
Four components
Adaptive responses
Recovery
Recovery
Recovery
Recovery
CalcificationCalcification
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
DNA damage DNA damage susceptibilitysusceptibility
Symbiotic Symbiotic integrationintegration
CellCell
Coral and symbiont Coral and symbiont tissue growthtissue growth
Reproduction Reproduction and recruitmentand recruitment
MortalityMortality
Disease Disease susceptibilitysusceptibility
OrganismOrganism
Acute Loss of Acute Loss of Symbionts Symbionts
(BLEACHING)(BLEACHING)
Dinoflagellate Dinoflagellate Symbiont Symbiont
Genotype changeGenotype change
ThermalThermalstressstress
Host respirationHost respiration
Dinoflagellate Dinoflagellate respirationrespiration
Altered coral and Altered coral and dinoflagellate dinoflagellate
community community compositioncomposition
CommunityCommunity
Resistance to Resistance to other anthropogenic other anthropogenic
disturbancesdisturbances
Phase shift from Phase shift from coral dominationcoral domination
Changed Changed predation risk, predation risk,
competitive abilitycompetitive ability
Nutrient cyclingNutrient cycling(N,P, org/inorg)(N,P, org/inorg)
Changed geographicChanged geographicdistributiondistribution
Reef accretion or Reef accretion or erosion rateerosion rate
DiseaseDiseaseepidemicsepidemics
Colony Colony integrationintegration
Coral netCoral netphotosynthesisphotosynthesis
SkeletonSkeletonGrowthGrowth
Reef metabolismReef metabolism(oxygen, carbon(oxygen, carbon
balance)balance)
Reef morphology Reef morphology (habitat complexity)(habitat complexity)
Modulating Modulating factorsfactorsGenetic factorsGenetic factorsPARPARUVRUVRNutrientsNutrientsCOCO22 and alkalinity and alkalinityFeedingFeedingEnvironmental historyEnvironmental history
FisheriesTourism
Economic/Social
Why are we doing this?
Need to develop understanding of drivers in order to be able to develop more accurate future scenarios
Critical for planning responses and adaptation strategies
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